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Usefulness of IS6110-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in North India
Conclusion In this study, we found that the majority of isolates were having multiple copy numbers of IS6110 element and showed a very diverse pattern. These results showed that the IS6110-RFLP analysis is still a promising genotyping method and has good discriminatory power to differentiate strains of MTB isolates. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 26, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Whole genome sequencing as the ultimate tool to diagnose tuberculosis
Publication date: Available online 24 November 2016 Source:International Journal of Mycobacteriology Author(s): Dick van Soolingen, Rana Jajou, Arnout Mulder, Han de Neeling In the past two decades, DNA techniques have been increasingly used in the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). The (sub) species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex are usually identified using reverse line blot techniques. The resistance is predicted by the detection of mutations in genes associated with resistance. Nevertheless, all cases are still subjected to the cumbersome phenotypic resistance testing. The production of a strai...
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 24, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Evaluation of genotype MTBDRplus assay for rapid detection of isoniazid and rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from Pakistan
Conclusions As evidenced in this study, the major concern with the GenoType MTBDRplus assay were false negative results. In comparison to conventional drug susceptibility testing, the assay was unable to detect 30 (30/100; 30%) strains resistant to INH and 23 (23/100; 23%) strains resistant to RMP. The GenoType MTBDRplus failed to identify 38 MDR (38/100; 38%) strains. Resistance in those strains probably originate from mutations in other codons and/or genes than those covered by the test. For detecting INH and RMP resistance in TB cases, especially in high TB incidence countries, such as Pakistan, molecular approaches sho...
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 24, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Use of WGS in M. tuberculosis routine diagnosis
Publication date: Available online 24 November 2016 Source:International Journal of Mycobacteriology Author(s): Daniela M. Cirillo, A.M. Cabibbe, M.R. De Filippo, A. Trovato, T. Simonetti, G.M. Rossolini, E. Tortoli Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) is becoming affordable with overall costs comparable to other tests currently in use to perform the diagnosis of drug resistant tuberculosis and cluster analysis. The WGS approach allows an “all-in one” approach providing results on expected sensitivity of the strains, genetic background, epidemiological data and indication of risk of laboratory cross-contamination. Al...
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 24, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Pathological, bacteriological, and molecular characteristics of natural outbreaks of Johne ’s disease in goats of Fars Province, Iran
Conclusion MAP detection in intestinal content and in tissues is quite necessary for the diagnosis, control, and eradication of this disease in small ruminant herds. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 24, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Nontubercular mycobacteria (NTM) in fistula-in-ano: A new finding and its implications
Conclusion Nontubercular mycobacteria can cause fistula-in-ano. It could be an undiagnosed contributory factor in fistula recurrence. Mycobacterial disease (both tubercular and nontubercular) may be associated with delayed recurrence of fistula. RT-PCR is a highly sensitive test and can differentiate between NTM and MTB. It should perhaps be performed in all recurrent and refractory cases. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 24, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Evaluation of specific antibodies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis recombinant antigens for detection of recent infection
Conclusion Altogether, the role of M. tuberculosis recombinant proteins, as a suitable candidate for early diagnosis of tuberculosis infection was supported in this study. However, these strongly offer the potential of mixture or fusion of these recombinant proteins for better sensitivity and specificity. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 24, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Mutations in embB gene associated with resistance to ethambutol in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from TB patients in the west of Iran (2014 –15)
Conclusion Our results were similar to those that were regularly reported in earlier studies. The only mutations in the EMB-resistant isolates were found in embB 306 and 406 codons. Substantiation amino acids at codon 306 were the most frequent. The data indicated that embB 306 mutations are sufficient to induce ethambutol resistance, and detection of these mutations is advisable to be considered in the development of rapid molecular tests. Sequence analysis of the ERDR in the embB gene is adequate for rapid detection of EMB resistance, and mutations in the codon 306 are good predictive markers for resistance to EMB. (Sour...
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 24, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Investigation of isoniazid and ethionamide cross-resistance by whole genome sequencing and association with poor treatment outcomes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in South Africa
Conclusion Baseline ETH molecular resistance before second-line treatment is a concern. Unfavorable treatment outcomes of patients with ethA, ethR, and inhA mutations highlight the importance of genotypic testing before initiation of treatment containing ETH. The clinical significance of whole genome analysis for early detection of mutations predictive of treatment failure needs further investigation. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 24, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Assessing genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by spoligotyping and IS6110-based restriction fragment length polymorphism in North India
Conclusion Spoligotype analysis resulted in the grouping of a much larger number of isolates within apparently identical clusters compared with IS6110-RFLP typing, while IS6110-RFLP was not found to effectively distinguish between zero- and low-copy-number isolates. Therefore, we concluded that, in India, the use of both the techniques simultaneously for DNA fingerprinting of M. tuberculosis is a better approach. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 24, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Mediastinal lymphadenopathy in pediatric tuberculosis in computed tomography scan
Conclusion Attention to distribution and characteristics of mediastinal lymphadenopathy can help differentiate tuberculosis from other causes of pediatric mediastinal lymphadenopathy. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 24, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Usefulness of pulmonary artery diameter in diagnosing pulmonary hypertension in patients admitted to tuberculosis intensive care unit
Conclusion Although PAD and PA:AA ratio are useful in assessing of presence of PH, we conclude that these CT parameters are not sufficient for ruling in or ruling out PH in this group of patients. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 24, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Deletion of region of difference 181 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing strains
Conclusion As we found a deletion in RD181 in the Beijing strains only, we propose to use this marker as an identification tool for genotyping of the Beijing strain. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 24, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Increased expression of efflux pump genes in extensively drug-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Conclusion The differences between XDR-TB and drug-susceptible isolates suggest that the increased expression levels of MTB efflux pump genes may contribute to drug resistance in extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Future studies are needed to determine whether combining efflux pump inhibitors to antitubercular drugs would be effective to treat resistant tuberculosis. (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 24, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Pathogenesis of multidrug-/extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis as a determinant of future treatment success
Publication date: Available online 25 November 2016 Source:International Journal of Mycobacteriology Author(s): F. Valafar (Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology)
Source: International Journal of Mycobacteriology - November 24, 2016 Category: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research