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Whole genome sequencing of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Victoria, Australia
Globally, millions of people are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with most cases concentrated in developing countries. The burden of tuberculosis (TB) is low in most industrialised countries, and clusters of cases mostly arise from index cases who acquired the disease overseas. In Australia, TB is mostly diagnosed among migrants from high TB-burden countries, healthcare workers, and among communities of First Nations Peoples [1]. The high frequency among migrant populations is primarily due to reactivation of latent TB. (Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 13, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Thinley Dorji, Kristy Horan, Norelle L. Sherry, Ee Laine Tay, Maria Globan, Linda Viberg, Katherine Bond, Justin T. Denholm, Benjamin P. Howden, Patiyan Andersson Source Type: research

Whole genome sequencing of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Victoria, Australia
Globally, millions of people are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with most cases concentrated in developing countries. The burden of tuberculosis (TB) is low in most industrialised countries, and clusters of cases mostly arise from index cases who acquired the disease overseas. In Australia, TB is mostly diagnosed among migrants from high TB burden countries, healthcare workers, and among communities of First Nations Peoples [1]. The high frequency among migrant populations is primarily due to reactivation of latent TB. (Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 13, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Thinley Dorji, Kristy Horan, Norelle L Sherry, Ee Laine Tay, Maria Globan, Linda Viberg, Katherine Bond, Justin T Denholm, Benjamin P Howden, Patiyan Andersson Source Type: research

An autochthonous case of cutaneous bacillary angiomatosis not related to major immunosuppression: an emerging or overlooked disease?
Bartonella spp. includes fastidious Gram-negative bacilli infecting blood-sucking arthropod vectors and mammalian hosts [1]. The pathological manifestations of Bartonella spp. infections are widely heterogeneous, ranging from asymptomatic bacteremia to vascular proliferative disorders such as bacillary peliosis and cutaneous bacillary angiomatosis (cBA) [1-3], which are caused by B. henselae, B. bacilliformis or B. quintana [1, 2, 4]. Cat bites and scratches and owning a cat bearing fleas are the most common risk factors identified in cBA due to B. (Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 13, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Salvatore Rotundo, Francesco Bono, Maria Mazzitelli, Vincenzo Scaglione, Angelo Giuseppe Lamberti, Aida Giancotti, Luigi Tucci, Chiara Costa, Maria Teresa Tassone, Helen Linda Morrone, Enrico Maria Trecarichi, Carlo Torti Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

SARS-CoV-2 trends in Italy, Germany and Portugal and school opening during the period of Omicron variant dominance: a quasi-experimental study
As part of the global reaction to stop the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, primary and secondary schools were closed to on-site learning in many countries. This decision was based on data extrapolated from influenza transmission models, which suggested that closing schools could help reduce the spread of infections[1]. However, the effectiveness of this measure for SARS-CoV-2 was unclear. Several studies about the impact of school openings found conflicting results on community transmission, with some suggesting substantial increases in positivity rates[2], and others suggesting a sma...
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 11, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Federica Bellerba, Nils Bardeck, Michael Boehm, Oriana D'Ecclesiis, Sara Raimondi, Elisa Tomezzoli, Mafalda Silva Miranda, In ês Martins Alves, Daniela Alves, Ana Abecasis, Valeria Gabellone, Elisa Gabrielli, Giulia Vaglio, Elham Shamsara, Nico Pfeifer, Source Type: research

Rapid dynamic changes of FL.2 variant: A case report of COVID-19 breakthrough infection
Immune responses within the context of SARS-CoV-2 vary. Typically, the virus is cleared within 2 weeks of infection, but immunocompromised individuals can have prolonged infections [1,2]. Weak immune systems increase infection risk and post-COVID-19 clinical sequelae, even post-vaccination [3]. Prolonged infections may facilitate viral evolution, including the evolution of immune-evasive viral variants. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) such as Alpha, Beta, and Gamma may have originated within the context of long-term infections in immunocompromised individuals [4 –6]. (Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 10, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Wonderful T. Choga, Gobuiwang Khilly Kurusa (Gasenna), James Emmanuel San, Tidimalo Ookame, Irene Gobe, Mohammed Chand, Badisa Phafane, Kedumetse Seru, Patience Matshosi, Boitumelo Zuze, Nokuthula Ndlovu, Teko Matsuru, Dorcas Maruapula, Ontlametse T. Bare Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Molecular characterization of rifabutin-resistance in refractory Helicobacter pylori infection in Taiwan
H. pylori eradication has been recommended to prioritize first-line treatment options such as bismuth quadruple therapy or concomitant therapy, which includes a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and metronidazole. However, this treatment regimen may fail to address infections in up to 20% of patients [1]. (Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 10, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Chia-Jung Kuo, Ngoc-Niem Bui, Jun-Nong Ke, Cheng- Yu Lin, Wey-Ran Lin, Ming-Ling Chang, Hui- Yu Wu, Mei-Zi Huang, Cheng-Hsun Chiu, Cheng-Tang Chiu, Chih-Ho Lai Source Type: research

Rapid dynamic changes of FL.2 variant: a case report of COVID-19 breakthrough infection.
Immune responses within the context of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vary. Typically the virus is cleared within 2 weeks of infection but immunocompromised individuals can have prolonged infections[1, 2]. Weak immune systems increase infection risk and post-COVID-19 clinical sequelae, even post-vaccination[3]. Prolonged infections may facilitate viral evolution, including the evolution of immune-evasive viral variants. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) such as Alpha, Beta and Gamma may have originated within the context of long-term infections in immunocompromised individuals[4-6]. (Sourc...
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 10, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Wonderful T. Choga, Gobuiwang Khilly Kurusa (Gasenna), James Emmanuel San, Tidimalo Ookame, Irene Gobe, Mohammed Chand, Badisa Phafane, Kedumetse Seru, Patience Matshosi, Boitumelo Zuze, Nokuthula Ndlovu, Teko Matsuru, Dorcas Maruapula, Ontlametse T. Bare Tags: Case Report Source Type: research

Epidemiology of respiratory viruses among children during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis
On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic.[1] To prevent further spread of the virus many countries introduced public health measures such as closure of educational institutions, mandatory quarantine, stay-at-home restrictions and personal protective equipment like face masks.[2] Due to similar transmission routes, it seems plausible to assume that these measures also influenced the spread and distribution of other viruses. (Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 9, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Leonie K. Dallmeyer, Marit L. Sch üz, Paraskevi C. Fragkou, Jimmy Omony, Hanna Krumbein, Dimitra Dimopoulou, Konstantina Dimopoulou, Chrysanthi Skevaki Source Type: research

Mortality, hospital length of stay, and recurrent bloodstream infections associated with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in a low prevalence region: A 20-year population-based large cohort study
The incidence of Escherichia coli bloodstream infection (BSI) has been on the rise. This can be attributed to several factors such as population growth, aging, and increased comorbidity in the global population [1,2]. This phenomenon is exacerbated by the expansion of E. coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL-Ec), which is multidrug-resistant and compromises empirical treatment. The expansion of ESBL-Ec globally is well-evidenced in community settings, attributed in part to a successful clonal group, sequence type (ST)131, that is commonly associated with blaCTX-M carriage [3]. (Source: International Journal...
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 8, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Weiping Ling, David L. Paterson, Patrick N.A. Harris, Luis Furuya-Kanamori, Felicity Edwards, Kevin B. Laupland Source Type: research

Mortality, hospital length of stay and recurrent bloodstream infections associated with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-Ec) in a low prevalence region: A 20-year population-based large cohort study
The incidence of Escherichia coli bloodstream infection (BSI) has been on the rise. This can be attributed to several factors such as population growth, ageing and increased comorbidity in the global population. [1,2] This phenomenon is exacerbated by the expansion of E. coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL-Ec), which are multidrug-resistant and compromise empirical treatment. The expansion of ESBL-Ec globally is well-evidenced in community settings, attributed in part to a successful clonal group, ST131, that is commonly associated with blaCTX-M carriage. (Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 8, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Weiping Ling, David L. Paterson, Patrick N.A. Harris, Luis Furuya-Kanamori, Felicity Edwards, Kevin B. Laupland Source Type: research

One-year antibody durability induced by EuCorVac-19, a liposome-displayed COVID-19 receptor binding domain subunit vaccine, in healthy Korean subjects
The rapid development and deployment of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, has been remarkable and has led to large-scale testing of numerous new vaccine technologies, notably including viral vectors and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines [1]. While most approved vaccines have focused on vaccine systems that express the entire large Spike (S) surface protein of SARS-CoV-2, its compact receptor binding domain (RBD) is the target of most neutralizing antibodies [2], and thus the RBD has also been the target of extensive vaccine efforts [3]. (Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 7, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jonathan F. Lovell, Kazutoyo Miura, Yeong Ok Baik, Chankyu Lee, Jeong-Yoon Lee, Young-Shin Park, Ingi Hong, Jung Hyuk Lee, Taewoo Kim, Sang Hwan Seo, Jae-Ouk Kim, Manki Song, Chung-Jong Kim, Jae-Ki Choi, Jieun Kim, Eun Ju Choo, Jung-Hyun Choi Source Type: research

Prevalence of hepatitis D virus infection in Central Italy has remained stable across the last 2 decades with dominance of subgenotypes 1 and characterized by elevated viral replication
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is the smallest known human virus with a genome of ∼1.7 kb single-stranded circular ribonucleic acid (RNA). HDV is a satellite virus that can infect only in presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), its helper virus [1]. Indeed, HDV exploits the HBV surface proteins (collectively defined as hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]) for the release of its pr ogeny and de novo entry into hepatocytes [1]. HBV+HDV infection causes the most severe form of viral hepatitis, leading to the development of cirrhosis in 15% of cases within 1-2 years and 70-80% of cases within 5-10 years [2]. (Source: International Jou...
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 7, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Romina Salpini, Lorenzo Piermatteo, Giulia Torre, Stefano D'Anna, Sohaib Khan, Leonardo Duca, Ada Bertoli, Simone La Frazia, Vincenzo Malagnino, Elisabetta Teti, Marco Iannetta, Pierpaolo Paba, Marco Ciotti, Ilaria Lenci, Simona Francioso, Caterina Paquaz Source Type: research

Antimicrobial resistance research – an IJID collection of selected articles 2020-2023
Unlike other infectious disease epidemics which are normally traceable to onsets by specific date and locations, the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) epidemic has grown slowly and silently from nowhere to everywhere. AMR occurred when micro-organisms, notably bacteria and viruses, developed unique capacity to defeat the drugs designed to kill them (https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/about.html). The origin of many AMR genes could be traced to the environment, and they might have existed for millennia [1]. (Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 7, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Shui Shan Lee Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

One-year Antibody Durability Induced by EuCorVac-19, a Liposome-Displayed COVID-19 RBD Subunit Vaccine, in Healthy Korean Subjects
These data establish antibody durability of ECV-19, using a framework to analyze COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibodies during periods of high infection. (Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 7, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jonathan F Lovell, Kazutoyo Miura, Yeong Ok Baik, Chankyu Lee, Jeong-Yoon Lee, Young-Shin Park, Ingi Hong, Jung Hyuk Lee, Taewoo Kim, Sang Hwan Seo, Jae-Ouk Kim, Manki Song, Chung-Jong Kim, Jae-Ki Choi, Jieun Kim, Eun Ju Choo, Jung-Hyun Choi Source Type: research

Prevalence of HDV infection in Central Italy has remained stable across the last two decades with dominance of sub-genotypes 1 and characterized by elevated viral replication
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is the smallest known human virus with a genome of ∼1.7 kb single-stranded circular RNA. HDV is a satellite virus that can infect only in presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), its helper virus [1]. Indeed, HDV exploits the HBV surface proteins (collectively defined as HBsAg) for the release of its progeny and de novo entry into hepatocytes[1]. HBV+ HDV infection causes the most severe form of viral hepatitis, leading to the development of cirrhosis in 15% of cases within 1–2 years and in 70–80% of cases within 5–10 years[2]. (Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases)
Source: International Journal of Infectious Diseases - November 7, 2023 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Romina Salpini, Lorenzo Piermatteo, Giulia Torre, Stefano D'Anna, Sohaib Khan, Leonardo Duca, Ada Bertoli, Simone La Frazia, Vincenzo Malagnino, Elisabetta Teti, Marco Iannetta, Pierpaolo Paba, Marco Ciotti, Ilaria Lenci, Simona Francioso, Caterina Paquaz Source Type: research