International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Active monotherapy and combination therapy for extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is amongst the most common causes of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) worldwide [1]. Since the past decade, P. aeruginosa has become resistant to the commonly-used antipseudomonal agents, including carbapenems with an incidence of 7-44% depending on geographical regions [2]. The emergence of extensively drug-resistant P. aeruginosa (XDR-PA) pneumonia is increasingly recognized as a major threat to patients and healthcare systems given its associated morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs [3,4]. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - September 17, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Thana Khawcharoenporn, Alan Chuncharunee, Chailat Maluangnon, Thitiporn Taweesakulvashra, Pimsiri Tiamsak Source Type: research

Rapid emergence of highly variable and transferable oxazolidinone and phenicol resistance gene optrA in German Enterococcus spp. clinical isolates
Enterococci are considered the 2nd to 3rd most common nosocomial pathogen causing life-threatening diseases amongst elderly and immunocompromised patients (https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/portal/files/documents/AER_for_2015-healthcare-associated-infections.pdf). The oxazolidinone linezolid represents one of the few remaining treatment options for infections caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) [1]. Shortly after the approval of linezolid in 2000 and following therapy, emergence of linezolid resistance has been reported for vancomycin-susceptible enterococci (VSE) and VRE [2, 3]. (Source: International Journal ...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - September 17, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Jennifer K. Bender, Carola Fleige, Dominik Lange, Ingo Klare, Guido Werner Source Type: research

Net Emergence of Substitutions at Position 28 on NS5A of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 4 in Patients Failing Direct-Acting Antivirals by Next-Generation Sequencing
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of morbidity and deaths worldwide. Despite the considerable reduction in number of HCV infections recently, there are still approximately 399  000 deaths each year largely due to hepatitis C-related liver diseases [1]. Remarkable advances have been made in treatment of HCV infection, notably with the introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). However, as a highly variable virus with many quasispecies, HCV can select in vitro and in vivo Resistance-Associated Substitutions (RASs) to antivirals in particular to anti-NS5A owing to their low genetic barrier [2]. (Source: Intern...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - September 17, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Thuy Nguyen, Sepideh Akhavan, Fabienne Caby, Luminita Bonyhay, Lucile Larrouy, Anne Gervais, Pascal Lebray, Thierry Poynard, Yvon Calmus, Anne Simon, Marc-Antoine Valantin, Vincent Calvez, Anne-Genevi ève Marcelin, Eve Todesco Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Synergistic and bactericidal activities of mecillinam, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid combinations against ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in 24-h time-kill experiments
The increasing prevalence of Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) has become a major challenge in the management of patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) [1]. Therapeutic options are limited, especially for oral administration, due to the frequent co-resistance to multiple β-lactam antibiotics, quinolones and trimethoprim in these strains [1]. Therefore, there is a need to re-evaluate old antibiotics that are still active against ESBL-producing E. coli and to learn more about how the efficacy of these drugs can be enhanced by optimal dosing or use of combination ther apy. (Source: In...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - September 17, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kari-Pekka Skarp, Ayda Shams, Hanna Montelin, Pernilla Lagerb äck, Thomas Tängdén Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

The intrinsic resistome of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a member of the so-called ESKAPE group, which includes six of the most significant antibiotic resistant microorganisms (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, K. pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter spp.) responsible of nosocomial infections all around the world [1]. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - September 17, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Alejandra Bernardini, Trinidad Cuesta, Anna Tom ás, José A. Bengoechea, José L. Martínez, María B. Sánchez Source Type: research

Structure analysis of transposons carrying the aac(6 ′)-aph(2″) gene in Enterococcus faecalis isolated in Beijing, China, and comparison of their transfer efficiency
Enterococcus faecalis is the most clinically relevant isolate in the Enterococcus genus and is increasingly recognised as an important cause of nosocomial infections, especially in intensive care units. Severe enterococcal infections are usually treated using a combination of a cell-wall-active agent ( β-lactam or vancomycin) with an aminoglycoside (typically gentamicin). However, this synergistic bactericidal activity was abolished by the emergence of high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR). Enterococcus faecalis with HLGR was first reported clinically in France in 1979 [1] and was quickly follo wed by numerous reports f...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - September 5, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Jian-Mei Zhang, Qing Wang, Tong-Yan Han, Jian-Hua Liu, Xin-Xin Hu, Feng Qiao, Xin-Yi Yang, Cong-Ran Li, Xue-Fu You Source Type: research

Structure Analysis of Transposons Carrying aac(6 ’)-aph(2’’) Gene in Enterococcus faecalis Isolated in Beijing China and Comparison of Their Transfer Efficiency
Enterococcus faecalis, the most clinical relevant isolate in Enterococcus group, is increasingly recognized as an important cause of nosocomial infections, especially in intensive care units. Severe enterococcal infections are usually treated by combination use of a cell wall active agent ( β-lactam or vancomycin) with aminoglycoside (typically gentamicin). However, this synergistic bactericidal activity was abolished by the emergence of High-Level Gentamicin Resistance (HLGR). Enterococcus faecalis with HLGR was first reported clinically in France in 1979 [1], and was quickly followe d by numerous reports from a diversit...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - September 5, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Jian-Mei Zhang, Qing Wang, Tong-Yan Han, Jian-Hua Liu, Xin-Xin Hu, Feng Qiao, Xin-Yi Yang, Cong-Ran Li, Xue-Fu You Source Type: research

Do raspberry extracts and fractions have antifungal or anti-adherent potential against Candida spp.?
The oral cavity is inhabited by a rich and varied microbial flora ecosystem. Both bacteria (such as Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and fungi (such as Candida spp.) are present and coexist, especially in the dental plaque, commonly growing in biofilms. Candida spp., particularly Candida albicans but also Candida glabrata and sometimes Candida parapsilosis, are among the main colonisers of the oral cavity and play an important role in many oral diseases [1]. Various Candida spp. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - September 1, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Lucile Dutreix, Cl ément Bernard, Camille Juin, Christine Imbert, Marion Girardot Tags: Themed Issue: Recent Advances in Antimicrobial and Bacterial Resistance Source Type: research

Title Page & Editorial Board
(Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - September 1, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Source Type: research

Do raspberry extracts and fractions have antifungal or anti-adherent potential against Candida sp.?
The oral cavity is inhabited by a rich and varied microbial flora ecosystem. Both bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans or Staphyloccocus epidermidis and fungi such as Candida spp. are present and coexist, especially in the dental plaque, commonly growing in biofilms. Candida species, in particular Candida albicans but also C. glabrata and sometimes C. parapsilosis, are among the main colonizers of the oral cavity and unfortunately play an important role in many oral diseases [1]. Various Candida species are involved with oral candidiasis in patients with cancer and irradiated in the head and neck region and transplanted b...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - September 1, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Lucile Dutreix, Cl ément Bernard, Camille Juin, Christine Imbert, Marion Girardot Tags: Themed Issue: Recent Advances in Antimicrobial and Bacterial Resistance Source Type: research

Isovalerylshikonin, a new resistance-modifying agent from Arnebia euchroma, supresses antimicrobial resistance of drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Extensive and unrestricted use of antibiotics has imposed a selective pressure on bacteria, resulting in the development of antimicrobial resistance [1]. Antimicrobial resistance is considered the greatest threat to the treatment of bacterial diseases by the World Health Organization (WHO) [2]. Among these problematic bacteria, drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are responsible for a large number of hospital-acquired infections in many countries [3,4]. The major mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antibacterial drugs include drug inactivation, target modification, and alteration of accessibility to the target through d...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - August 31, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Jian-Ming He, Shi-Chang Sun, Zhong-Lin Sun, Jie-Tao Chen, Qing Mu Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Epidemiology and molecular characterisation of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from immunocompromised patients in Tunisia
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important pathogen involved in nosocomial outbreaks. This micro-organism is associated with increased resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents, including β-lactams, aminoglycosides and quinolones. Outbreaks of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing K. pneumoniae have been reported extensively worldwide [1]. Thus, carbapenems have been used for the treatment of infections caused by ESBL-producing pathogens, leading to the emergence of carba penem-resistant K. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - August 31, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Farah Ben Tanfous, Anis Raddaoui, Yosra Chebbi, Wafa Achour Tags: Short communication Source Type: research

Inactivation of multidrug-resistant pathogens and Yersinia enterocolitica with cold atmospheric-pressure plasma on stainless-steel surfaces
Cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (CAP) is a new, non-thermal decontamination method. Plasma is the fourth state of matter and includes many different bactericidal species including NO, NO2, N2O, CO, CO2, H2O2 and ozone [1,2]. Plasma is generated by applying an electric field to a working gas, in this study to inexpensive ambient air. The generated plasma species cause oxidative stress and damage bacterial cells [3]. If the amount of reactive species exceeds the capacity of cellular repair mechanisms, cell death occurs. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - August 31, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Karolina A. Lis, Corinna Kehrenberg, Annika Boulaaba, Maren von K öckritz-Blickwede, Sylvia Binder, Yangfang Li, Julia L. Zimmermann, Yvonne Pfeifer, Birte Ahlfeld Source Type: research

Carbapenems and alternative β-lactams for the treatment of infections due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: What impact on intestinal colonisation resistance?
The incidence of infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) is globally on the rise owing to the successful spread of these pathogens both in community-based and healthcare-associated ecosystems [1]. This situation has driven a dramatic increase in carbapenem consumption in high-prevalence areas [2,3], which is suspected to contribute to the ongoing pandemic of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) [4]. Hence, although clinical data are lacking to convincingly support a prominent role of carbapenem exposure on the hazard of CPE acquisition, restraining the consumpti...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - August 31, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Paul-Louis Woerther, Rapha ël Lepeule, Charles Burdet, Jean-Winoc Decousser, Étienne Ruppé, François Barbier Tags: Review Source Type: research

Isovalerylshikonin, a new resistance-modifying agent from Arnebia euchroma, supresses antibiotic resistance of drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
The extensive and unrestricted use of antibiotics has imposed selective pressure on bacteria, resulting in the development of antimicrobial resistance [1]. Antibiotic resistance is considered the greatest threat to the treatment of bacterial diseases by the World Health Organization (WHO) [2]. Among these problematic bacteria, drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are responsible for a large number of hospital-acquired infections in many countries [3, 4]. The major mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antibacterial drugs include drug inactivation, target modification, alteration of accessibility to the target through drug ...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - August 31, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Jian-Ming He, Shi-Chang Sun, Zhong-Lin Sun, Jie-Tao Chen, Qing Mu Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research