International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Emergence of NDM-7-Producing Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacter hormaechei sequence type ST78 in Spain, a high-risk international clone
Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) is an important nosocomial pathogen that is intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics and harbours clonal lineages of increased epidemic potential that may be associated with resistance spread [1]. In recent years, a global emergence of carbapenem-resistant E. cloacae complex (CR-ECC) has been observed mainly due to carbapenemase type VIM, followed by NDM, KPC, OXA-48, and IMP [1]. In Spain, VIM is the most common carbapenemase in ECC, although KPC and OXA-48 have also been detected [2,3]. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - November 22, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Jennifer Villa, Octavio Carretero, Esther Viedma, Jaime Lora-Tamayo, Jes ús Mingorance, Fernando Chaves Tags: Letter to Editor Source Type: research

Antibiotic discovery: History, methods and perspectives
Antibiotic resistance is considered a major public health concern by several international organizations and by local agencies [1 –3]. As a matter of fact, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention claim 23,000 deaths each year in the US related to antibiotic resistance and some studies predict millions of deaths in the coming decades [4–6]. The United Nations then created a group in order to coordinate the fight agai nst antibiotic resistance [7]. Interestingly, the global mortality related to infectious diseases is decreasing every year, from 10,7 million deaths in 2005 to 8,6 million in 2015 [8]. (Source: Inter...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - November 22, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Guillaume Andr é Durand, Didier Raoult, Grégory Dubourg Tags: Review Source Type: research

Fecal microbiota transplantation shortens the colonization period and allows the re-entry of patients carrying carbapenamase-producing bacteria into medical care facilities
Since the first description of a plasmidic Enterobacteriaceae carbapenemase, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) in the USA [1], a wide variety of plasmid-borne resistance mechanisms have been described, mainly through metalloenzymes such as, New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM), or oxacillinases type OXA-48-like carbapenemases. Current epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriacae (CPE) shows a global dissemination with endemic distributions and outbreaks, leading to public health concerns [2,3]. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - November 22, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Nadia SA ÏDANI, Jean-Christophe LAGIER, Nadim CASSIR, Matthieu MILLION, Sophie BARON, Grégory DUBOURG, Carole ELDIN, Jad KERBAJ, Camille VALLES, Didier RAOULT, Philippe BROUQUI Source Type: research

Population pharmacokinetics and dosing optimization of latamoxef in neonates and young infants
Latamoxef (moxalactam) is a second-generation semi-synthetic oxacephem antibiotic that has been primarily used against Gram-positive and -negative aerobic, as well as anaerobic, bacteria [1]. This drug has been used for the treatment of adults, children, infants, and neonates since it was first introduced to clinical medicine in 1981 [2]. With the development of other novel antibiotics, use of latamoxef for treatment of infectious diseases in newborns was reduced. However, as the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains has increased significantly, there has been recent renewed interest in historical antibiotic...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - November 22, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Hui Qi, Chen Kou, Yu-Jie Qi, Bo-Hao Tang, Yue-E Wu, Fei Jin, Xiao-Jing Luo, Yan-Hua Shen, Ya-Jie Guo, Xue Qi, Ya-Cui Wang, Qian Dong, Xing-Kai Chen, Hai-Yan Shi, Yi Zheng, Wei Zhao, A-Dong Shen Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Population pharmacokinetic modelling of total and unbound flucloxacillin in non-critically ill patients to devise a rational continuous dosing regimen
With antibiotic drug pipelines rapidly drying up [1], we need to optimally use the available drugs to retain our antimicrobial armamentarium. [2] In Europe, flucloxacillin is one of the clinically important anti-staphylococcal penicillins. Flucloxacillin is widely used and recommended for penicillin-resistant methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcal aureus (MSSA) infections, such as bacteremia [3], infective endocarditis [4], skin and soft tissue infections. [5] (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - November 22, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: S. Wilkes, I. van Berlo, J. ten Oever, F. Jansman, R. ter Heine Source Type: research

In Vitro Activity of Cefiderocol, a Siderophore Cephalosporin, Against Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated by Clinical Laboratories in North America and Europe in 2015-2016: SIDERO-WT-2015
The prevalence of pathogenic multidrug-resistant (MDR) and carbapenem-nonsusceptible Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) is increasing in frequency worldwide [1 –3]. Therapeutic options available to treat patients with MDR and carbapenem-resistant GNB infections are currently limited [4, 5]. New β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations have recently been approved (ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, meropenem-vaborbactam), however, none of these agents is active against isolates of GNB carrying Ambler class B metallo-β-lactamases and their activity against Class D (OXA) β-lactamases may be limited [1, 2, 6–8]...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - November 21, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: James A. Karlowsky, Meredith A. Hackel, Masakatsu Tsuji, Yoshinori Yamano, Roger Echols, Daniel F. Sahm Source Type: research

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of infections caused by oxa-48 carbapenemase producing enterobacteriaceae in patients treated with ceftazidime-avibactam
Ceftazidime-avibactam has in vitro activity against Gram-negative bacilli that produce class A, C and some class D β-lactamases, and has been successfully used in the treatment of infections caused by cephalosporin and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. However, actual experience in the treatment of OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) is limited. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - November 21, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: C. De la Calle, O. Rodr íguez, L. Morata, F. Marco, C. Cardozo, C. García-Vidal, A. Del Río, C. Feher, M. Pellicé, P. Puerta-Alcalde, J. Mensa, A. Soriano, J.A. Martínez Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Safety and efficacy of colistin alone or in combination in adults with Acinetobacter baumannii infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Acinetobacter baumannii is an important Gram negative opportunistic nosocomial bacterial, which is listed as one of the six most important multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens in hospitals worldwide by the Infectious Diseases Society of America in 2006 [1,2]. 2017, A. baumannii is also classified in the highest level of “critical” by WHO because it is resistant to a great deal of antibiotics, including carbapenems [3]. A. baumannii can cause a broad range of severe infections, including ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), bloodstream infections, skin and soft tissue infections, urinary tract infections, woun d infect...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - November 14, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Jin Wang, Hui Niu, Rui Wang, Yun Cai Tags: Review Source Type: research

Repurposing azithromycin and rifampicin against Gram-negative pathogens by combination with peptide potentiators
The objective of this study was to identify peptides that at low concentrations induce susceptibility to these antibiotics in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative strains of clinical relevance. A pairwise screening of 34 diverse peptides and four antibiotics (erythromycin, linezolid, rifampicin and vancomycin) with primary activity against Gram-positive bacteria identified four peptides that at sub-micromolar concentrations conferred susceptibility to rifampicin or erythromycin in Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - November 14, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Kristin R. Baker, Bimal Jana, Anna Mette Hansen, Karina Juul Vissing, Hanne M ørck Nielsen, Henrik Franzyk, Luca Guardabassi Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Anti-persister activity of squalamine against Acinetobacter baumannii
Acinetobacter baumannii is a nosocomial pathogen responsible for many infections usually localized on skin and in urinary or respiratory tracts. The emergence of multi-drug resistance in this bacterium obviously complicates the treatment efficiency.1 However, the resistant character of A. baumannii is not the sole cause of therapeutic failure. Indeed, dormant cells, i.e. persisters and Viable But Non Culturable cells (VBNCs), are known to survive to high amounts of antimicrobials, and play an important role in the infection relapse and chronic diseases. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - November 10, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Marion Nicol, Mohamed Amine Ben Mlouka, Thierry Berthe, Patrick Di Martino, Thierry Jouenne, Jean-Michel Brunel, Emmanuelle D é Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Groups of coevolving positions provide drug resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a study using targets of first-line antituberculosis drugs
The coevolving groups detected in this study will be useful to get new insight on the molecular and evolutionary basis of drug resistance. Apart from this, the present work provides an important first step towards finding solutions of multidrug resistance problem through coevolution analysis of proteins which in-turn help to develop new drug regimen against pathogens including M. tuberculosis. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - November 8, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Sharad Vats, Asheesh Shanker Tags: Hot Topic Source Type: research

Ceftolozane/tazobactam for the treatment of serious P. aeruginosa infections: a multicenter nationwide clinical experience
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of nosocomial infections, which are often severe [1, 2] and difficult to treat because of their increasing resistance to several antibiotics, including carbapenems [3-6]. For such infections, there are limited therapeutic options, and old antibiotics such as colistin, aminoglycosides or fosfomycin are frequently prescribed [7]. Clinical failure [8], emergence of in vivo resistance [9], superinfection, and nephrotoxicity [10, 11] represent the main limitations of the currently available drugs, leading to the search of new treatment options. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - November 8, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Matteo Bassetti, Nadia Castaldo, Annamaria Cattelan, Cristina Mussini, Elda Righi, Carlo Tascini, Francesco Menichetti, Claudio Maria Mastroianni, Mario Tumbarello, Paolo Grossi, Stefania Artioli, Novella Carrannante, Ludovica Cipriani, Davide Coletto, Al Source Type: research

Impact of Piperacillin/Tazobactam on Nephrotoxicity in Patients with Gram-negative Bacteremia
This study aims to evaluate piperacillin/tazobactam's impact on nephrotoxicity in patients with GNB. Our retrospective cohort included patients ≥18 years of age who received ≥48 hours of therapy for bacteremia due to Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp., Klebsiella sp., Acinetobacter sp., or Stenotrophomonas maltophila from 1/1/2008-8/31/2011. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - November 8, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Ronald G. Hall, Eunice Yoo, Andrew Faust, Terri Smith, Edward Goodman, Eric M. Mortensen, Jaffar Raza, Farbod Dehmami, Carlos A. Alvarez Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Stability of cefiderocol against clinically significant broad-spectrum oxacillinases
Production of carbapenemases is a major concern in Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas spp. and Acinetobacter spp. since those enzymes do usually confer resistance to carbapenems. Three main ß-lactamase classes gather carbapenemases, the most common being the KPC-type Ambler class A, the class B (metallo-enzymes) NDM-1, VIM-1, IMP-1 and SPM-1), and the class D (OXA-48-like, OXA-40, OXA-23) with extended geographic spread worldwide. The OXA-48-like ß-lactamases are the most prevalent c arbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae in Europe. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - November 8, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Laurent Poirel, Nicolas Kieffer, Patrice Nordmann Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Population-level transition of capsular polysaccharide types among sequence type 1 group B Streptococcus isolates with reduced penicillin susceptibility during their long-term hospital epidemic
Group B Streptococcus (GBS; Streptococcus agalactiae) is one of the most important causes of life-threatening infections such as sepsis or meningitis in neonates [1]. GBS is also associated with invasive infections in nonpregnant adults, particularly in elderly and immunocompromised individuals [2]. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - November 7, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Noriyuki Nagano, Shota Koide, Wataru Hayashi, Yui Taniguchi, Hayato Tanaka, Yoshihiko Maeyama, Masahiro Suzuki, Kouji Kimura, Yoshichika Arakawa, Yukiko Nagano Source Type: research