International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Engineering Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and GR-1 to express HIV-inhibiting griffithsin
With human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections being one of the top infectious diseases worldwide, the interest in carbohydrate-binding agents (CBAs) as therapeutic agents that can block HIV is growing [1]. Two promising peptidic CBAs, with documented activity against HIV and so far unknown side-effects for human host cells, are actinohivin (AH) and griffithsin (GRFT) [2, 3]. AH is a 12.5 kDa lectin isolated from the actinomycete Longisporum albida [4, 5]. AH consists of 114 amino acid residues, divided into three segments, forming three sugar-binding pockets to accommodate Man- α(1-2)-Man residues of N-linked glycans...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - July 21, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Mariya I. Petrova, Marianne F.L. van den Broek, Irina Spacova, Tine L.A. Verhoeven, Jan Balzarini, Jos Vanderleyden, Dominique Schols, Sarah Lebeer Source Type: research

Escherichia coli colonizing healthy children in Tunisia: High prevalence of Extra-intestinal pathovar and occurrence of non ESBL-producing ST131 clone
Escherichia coli is frequently the first bacterium which colonizes human infants. It is a lifelong colonizer of adults too [1]. It also represents the most frequent agent of extra-intestinal infections including urinary tract infection, bacteremia, pneumonia, bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, and meningitis [2]. According to their capacity of intestinal colonization, commensal E. coli strains are divided into two categories; resident strains which have the ability of persistence in their hosts for many months, and transient strains which disappear from the microbiota within some weeks [3]. (Source: Int...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - July 21, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Sana Ferjani, Mabrouka Saidani, Elaa Maamar, Sarra Harbaoui, Zeineb Hamzaoui, Houda Hosni, Faouzi Slim Amine, Ilhem Boutiba Ben Boubaker Tags: Themed Issue: Recent Advances in Antimicrobial and Bacterial Resistance Source Type: research

A pharmacokinetic case study of intravenous posaconazole in a critically ill patient with hypoalbuminemia receiving continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration
In the past few decades, numerous clinical studies have unequivocally demonstrated that pharmacokinetics (PK) of antimicrobials can be different in critically ill patients and a careful evaluation of all formulations intended for use in the critically ill should be performed in this specific patient population. For the newly introduced intravenous (IV) posaconazole preparation, only sparse data from critically ill patients exists. In one study, the PK profile of oral posaconazole in surgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients was found to be different from hematology patients, with lower plasma concentrations, higher clear...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - July 18, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Fekade B Sime, Janine Stuart, Jenie Butler, Therese Starr, Steven C Wallis, Saurabh Pandey, Jeffrey Lipman, Jason A Roberts Tags: Short Communication Source Type: research

Emergence of unusual vanA/vanB2 genotype in a highly mutated vanB2-vancomycin-resistant hospital-associated E. faecium background in Vietnam
The clinical significance of hospital associated-vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium (HA-VREf) and the spread by cross-contamination leading to local outbreaks is a great concern [1,2,3]. This bacteria was recently included in the seven “ESKAPE” nosocomial bacteria under global surveillance [4]. The HA-VREf originates from a specific vancomycin-susceptible E. faecium (VSEf) subpopulation, characterized by ampicillin resistance (HA-AREf) [2,5] and the carriage of IS16 [6] insertion sequence, which enables an enhanced genetic pla sticity and an easier acquisition of mobile genetic elements (MGE), vehicles of antimi...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - July 15, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Antonella Santona, Elisa Taviani, Hoa Minh Hoang, Maura Fiamma, Massimo Deligios, Tram Viet Q Ngo, An Van Le, Pietro Cappuccinelli, Salvatore Rubino, Bianca Paglietti Source Type: research

Comparative efficacy of antibiotics in treating experimental Clostridium septicum infection
Clostridium septicum is a Gram-positive, anaerobic spore-forming pathogen that produces fatal infections in both healthy humans and animals [1]. In humans, C. septicum causes gas gangrene in normal hosts following deep penetrating or crushing injuries after trauma. C. septicum is also recognized as the principal cause of ‘spontaneous’ or ‘atraumatic’ gas gangrene in patients suffering from gastrointestinal maladies, including adenocarcinoma of the colon [2]. Due to the clinical challenges posed by spontaneous C. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - July 15, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Michael John Aldape, Clifford Roland Bayer, Savannah Nicole Rice, Amy Evelyn Bryant, Dennis Leroy Stevens Source Type: research

Time spent with residual viraemia after virological suppression below 50 HIV-RNA copies/mL according to type of first-line antiretroviral regimen
Up to 77% of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have residual viraemia (RV) (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - July 15, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Nicola Gianotti, Laura Galli, Nadia Galizzi, Marco Ripa, Andrea Andolina, Silvia Nozza, Vincenzo Spagnuolo, Andrea Poli, Adriano Lazzarin, Antonella Castagna Source Type: research

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of ceftazidime/avibactam in the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis
The increasing prevalence of resistance to currently available antimicrobial agents for bacterial infections, especially for complicated infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), is still a challenge [1]. Currently, carbapenems are the first-line recommended therapy for patients with severe infections [2]. However, there is concern that the extensive utilisation of carbapenems may result in an increasing incidence of resistant strains, in particular carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) [3,4]. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - July 15, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Han Zhong, Xian-Yuan Zhao, Zai-Li Zhang, Zhi-Chun Gu, Chi Zhang, Yuan Gao, Min Cui Tags: Review Source Type: research

Co-occurrence of mcr-3 and blaNDM-5 genes in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST709 from a commercial chicken farm in China
In this study, a colistin- and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae strain (MYKLB95) of sequence type 709 (ST709) recovered from a commercial chicken farm in China was found to carry the plasmid-borne colistin resistance gene mcr-3.11 and the blaNDM-5 carbapenemase gene. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) revealed that strain MYKLB95 contained 35 antimicrobial resistance genes in its genome. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - July 15, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Rong Xiang, Xiaolan Ye, Hongmei Tuo, Xiuzhong Zhang, Anyun Zhang, Changwei Lei, Yanxian Yang, Hongning Wang Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Characterisation of a class 1 integron associated with the formation of quadruple blaGES-5 cassettes from an IncP-1 β group plasmid in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Nosocomial infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa are one of the most common challenges for antimicrobial therapy. Resistance to carbapenems in P. aeruginosa can be attributed to a multitude of intrinsic mechanisms, including various efflux pumps, loss of the porin OprD, and increased AmpC β-lactamase expression [1,2]. In addition to intrinsic mechanisms, acquired mechanisms of resistance, such as metallo-β-lactamase and extended-spectrum β-lactamase production, have facilitated the emergence of carbapenem-resistant isolates, which has resulted in limited treatment options during r ecent decade...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - July 15, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Teng Xu, Jian Wang, Jianchao Ying, Tingyuan Zhu, Yabo Liu, Lei Xu, Pingping Li, Peizhen Li, Jun Ying, Kewei Li, Huiguang Yi, Junwan Lu, Yunliang Hu, Tieli Zhou, Qiyu Bao Source Type: research

Time spent with residual viremia after virological suppression below 50 HIV-RNA copies/mL according to type of first-line antiretroviral regimen
Up to 77% of patients with HIV infection have residual viremia (RV) below 50 copies/mL during antiretroviral therapy (ART) [1]. Although both the source and the full clinical implications of this finding are currently matter of debate, RV has been associated with a higher risk of subsequent virological failure (VF) in several observational studies [2 –6]. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - July 15, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Nicola Gianotti, Laura Galli, Nadia Galizzi, Marco Ripa, Andrea Andolina, Silvia Nozza, Vincenzo Spagnuolo, Andrea Poli, Adriano Lazzarin, Antonella Castagna Source Type: research

Characterization of class 1 integron associated with the formation of quadruple blaGES-5 cassettes from an IncP-1 β group plasmid in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Nosocomial infections caused by carbapenems-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa are one of the most common challenges for antimicrobial therapy. Resistance to carbapenems in P. aeruginosa can be attributed to a multitude of intrinsic mechanisms, including various efflux pumps, the loss of OprD and elevated AmpC expression [1,2]. In addition to the intrinsic mechanisms, acquired mechanisms of resistance, such as the production of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBLs) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), have facilitated the emergence of carbapenems resistance, which has resulted in limited treatment options during recent dec...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - July 15, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Teng Xu, Jian Wang, Jianchao Ying, Tingyuan Zhu, Yabo Liu, Lei Xu, Pingping Li, Peizhen Li, Jun Ying, Kewei Li, Huiguang Yi, Junwan Lu, Yunliang Hu, Tieli Zhou, Qiyu Bao Source Type: research

In vitro activity of tigecycline and comparators (2014 –2016) among key WHO ‘priority pathogens’ and longitudinal assessment (2004–2016) of antimicrobial resistance – a report from the T.E.S.T. study
The World Health Organization (WHO) recently published a list of antimicrobial-resistant ‘priority pathogens’ that pose a major threat to public health. The list aims to guide and promote research and development of new antimicrobials to help tackle global antimicrobial resistance [1]. The global increase in resistance is a major public health crisis threatening the delivery of heal thcare and patient safety [2]. Resistance to antimicrobials such as the carbapenems is of particular concern as this leaves few treatment alternatives for patients with severe infections caused by resistant pathogens, and may result in incr...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - July 15, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Harald Seifert, Joseph Blondeau, Michael J Dowzicky Source Type: research

Evaluation of efficacy and safety of ceftazidime-avibactam in the treatment of Gram-negative bacterial infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis
The increasing prevalence of resistance to present available antibiotics for bacterial infections, especially for complicated infections evoked by gram-negative bacteria (GNB) is still a challenge [1]. Currently, carbapenems (CB) are the first-line recommended therapy for patients with severe infections [2]. However, there is concern that the extensively utilization of CB may result in increasing incidence of resistant strains, in particular carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE) [3,4]. Hence, it is important to use CB selectively and to develop more effective agents [5]. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - July 15, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Han Zhong, Xian-Yuan Zhao, Zai-Li Zhang, Zhi-Chun Gu, Chi Zhang, Yuan Gao, Min Cui Tags: Review Source Type: research

Emergence of unusual vanA/vanB2 genotype in a highly mutated vanB2-Vancomycin Resistant Hospital Associated E. faecium background, in Vietnam
Due to the clinical significance [1] and the capability to spread by cross-contamination leading to local outbreaks [2,3]. Hospital Associated-Vancomycin Resistance Enterococcus faecium (HA-VREf) is currently cause of increasing concerns, and was recently included in the seven “ESKAPE” nosocomial bacteria under global surveillance [4]. The HA-VREf originates from a specific Vancomycin Susceptible E. faecium (VSEf) subpopulation, characterized by Ampicillin Resistance (HA-AREf) [2,5] and the carriage of IS16 [6] insertion sequence which allows an enhanced genetic plast icity and an easier acquisition of mobile genetic e...
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - July 15, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Antonella Santona, Elisa Taviani, Hoa Minh Hoang, Maura Fiamma, Massimo Deligios, Tram Viet Q Ngo, An Van Le, Pietro Cappuccinelli, Salvatore Rubino, Bianca Paglietti Source Type: research

Co-occurrence of mcr-3 and blaNDM-5 genes in multidrug-resistant ST709 Klebsiella pneumoniae from commercial chicken farm in China
In this study, a colistin- and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain of sequence type 709 (ST709) recovered from commercial chicken farm in China was found to carry plasmid-borne colistin-resistant genes mcr-3.11 and a carbapenemase gene blaNDM-5. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that MYKLB95 strain contains 36 antibiotic resistance genes in its genome, gene mcr-3.11 was bracketed by two copies of the insertion sequence ISKpn40 on a 99-kb plasmid and blaNDM-5 was carried by a separate 46-kp IncX3 plasmid. (Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents)
Source: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents - July 15, 2018 Category: Drugs & Pharmacology Authors: Rong Xiang, Xiaolan Ye, Hongmei Tuo, Xiuzhong Zhang, Anyun Zhang, Changwei Lei, Yanxian Yang, Hongning Wang Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research