Ultrasound imaging of the posterior lateral corner of the knee: a pictorial review of anatomy and pathologies
AbstractAssessment of the posterior lateral knee pain poses diagnostic challenges, requiring accurate evaluation of various structures in light of the medical history and physical examination. Despite substantial progress in the ultrasonographic diagnosis of musculoskeletal disorders, the current protocol (EURO-MUSCULUS/USPRM. Basic scanning protocols for knee) fails to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the intricate, tendons, and ligaments of the posterior lateral knee. This pictorial review aims to bridge this gap by offering a systematic approach to utilize ultrasound examination of the less-discussed structure...
Source: Insights into Imaging - February 9, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Diagnostic accuracy of MRI, CT, and [18F]FDG-PET-CT in detecting lymph node metastases in clinically early-stage cervical cancer — a nationwide Dutch cohort study
Conclusions[18F]FDG-PET-CT outperformed MRI and CT in detecting nodal metastases, which may be related to its use as a verification modality. However, MRI and CT had the highest specificity. As MRI is generally performed routinely to assess local and regional spread of cervical cancer, [18F]FDG-PET-CT can be used to confirm suspicious nodes.Critical relevance statementAccurate assessment of the nodal status in clinically early-stage cervical cancer is essential for tumour staging, treatment decision making and prognosis.Key points• The accuracy of MRI, CT or [18F]FDG-PET-CT for nodal staging in early cervical cancer is a...
Source: Insights into Imaging - February 8, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Contrast-enhanced mammography BI-RADS: a case-based approach to radiology reporting
AbstractContrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) is a relatively recent diagnostic technique increasingly being utilized in clinical practice. Until recently, there was a lack of standardized reporting for CEM findings. However, this has changed with the publication of a supplement in the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS). A comprehensive understanding of CEM is essential for further enhancing its role in both screening and managing patients with breast malignancies. CEM can also be beneficial for problem-solving, improving the management of uncertain breast findings. Practitioners in this field should become m...
Source: Insights into Imaging - February 8, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Digital breast tomosynthesis in mammographic screening: false negative cancer cases in the To-Be 1 trial
ConclusionsThe false  negative rates were consistent with those of prior DM reviews, indicating that the lack of higher cancer detection for DBT + SM versus DM in the To-Be 1 trial is complex and not due to interpretive error alone.Critical relevance statementThe randomized controlled trial on digital breast tomosynthesis and synthetic 2D mammograms (DBT) and digital mammography (DM), 2016 –2017, showed no difference in cancer detection for the two techniques. The rates of false negative screening examinations prior to interval and consecutive screen-detected cancer for DBT were consistent with the rates in prior D...
Source: Insights into Imaging - February 8, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Deep learning for differentiation of osteolytic osteosarcoma and giant cell tumor around the knee joint on radiographs: a multicenter study
ConclusionThe DL model accurately distinguished osteolytic OS and GCT with better performance than the junior radiologists, whose own diagnostic performances were significantly improved with the aid of the model, indicating the potential for the differential diagnosis of the two bone tumors on radiographs.Critical relevance statementThe deep learning model can accurately distinguish osteolytic osteosarcoma and giant cell tumor on radiographs, which may help radiologists improve the diagnostic accuracy of two types of tumors.Key points• The DL model shows robust performance in distinguishing osteolytic osteosarcoma and gi...
Source: Insights into Imaging - February 7, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Post-treatment surveillance imaging in head and neck cancer: a systematic review
ConclusionStrong arguments were found in favor of systematic imaging surveillance in locoregional advanced head and neck cancer during at least one and preferably 2  years after treatment.Critical relevance statementAnalysis of the selected records showed that almost half of cases of locoregional recurrences and/or metastases were only detected by imaging. This systematic review suggests that imaging may currently be underused in the post-treatment surveillance of patients with head and neck cancer.Key points• This systematic review focuses on the usefulness of long-term systematic imaging surveillance in patients treat...
Source: Insights into Imaging - February 5, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Radiology AI Deployment and Assessment Rubric (RADAR) to bring value-based AI into radiological practice
ConclusionThe RADAR framework offers a comprehensive framework for valuing radiology AI. Its layered, hierarchical structure, combined with a focus on local relevance, aligns RADAR seamlessly with the principles of value-based radiology.Critical relevance statementThe RADAR framework advances artificial intelligence in radiology by delineating a much-needed framework for comprehensive valuation.Keypoints• Radiology artificial intelligence lacks a comprehensive approach to value assessment.• The RADAR framework provides a dynamic, hierarchical method for thorough valuation of radiology AI.• RADAR advances clinical rad...
Source: Insights into Imaging - February 5, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Broken-fat pad sign: a characteristic radiographic finding to distinguish between knee rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
ConclusionsThe BFP sign is a potentially important diagnostic clue for differentiating RA from OA with routine MRI and reducing misdiagnosis.Critical relevance statementWith the simple and feasible broken-fat pad sign, clinicians can help more patients with early accurate diagnosis and proper treatment, which may be a valuable addition to the diagnostic workup of knee MRI assessment.Key points• Detailed identification of infrapatellar fat pad alterations of patients may be currently ignored in routine evaluation.• Broken-fat pad sign is helpful for differentiating rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.• The quantit...
Source: Insights into Imaging - February 5, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Prediction of late recurrence after curative-intent resection using MRI-measured spleen volume in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis
ConclusionsPreoperative spleen volume on MRI was independently associated with late recurrence after curative-intent resection in patients with HCC and cirrhosis. A risk score was proposed for individualized risk prediction and tailoring of postoperative surveillance strategies.Critical relevance statementSpleen volume measured on MRI with the aid of AI techniques was independently predictive of late HCC recurrence after liver resection. A risk score based on spleen volume, APRI score, and tumor number was developed for accurate prediction of late recurrence.Key points• Preoperative spleen volume measured on MRI was inde...
Source: Insights into Imaging - February 2, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Advancements in diagnostic and interventional radiology for stroke treatment: the path from trial to bedside through the pre-MR CLEAN, MR CLEAN, and MR CLEAN II eras
AbstractThe stroke field is inevitably connected with imaging in which radiologists fulfill a central role. Our landmark MR CLEAN trial led to the implementation of baseline computed tomography angiography or magnetic resonance angiography in the acute stroke workup and subsequent endovascular treatment (EVT) for ischemic stroke patients with a large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation, resulting in numerous patients worldwide currently being treated often successfully. A reversal of the pathophysiologic process behind an acute cerebrovascular event was made possible. Subsequently, in the MR CLEAN II trials, the c...
Source: Insights into Imaging - January 30, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

CT-based radiomics signature of visceral adipose tissue and bowel lesions for identifying patients with Crohn ’s disease resistant to infliximab
ConclusionVAT has an effect on IFX treatment response. It improves the performance for identification of CD patients at high risk of primary nonresponse to IFX therapy with selected features from RM.Critical relevance statementOur radiomics model (RM) for VAT-bowel analysis captured the pathophysiological changes occurring in VAT and whole bowel lesion, which could help to identify CD patients who would not response to infliximab at the beginning of therapy.Key points• Radiomics signatures with VAT and bowel alone or in combination predicting infliximab efficacy.• VAT features contribute to the prediction of IFX treatm...
Source: Insights into Imaging - January 30, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

O-RADS MRI to classify adnexal tumors: from clinical problem to daily use
We present translating radiological research into a clinical application based on a step-by-step structured and systematic approach methodology to validate MR imaging for the characterization of adnexal mass with the ultimate step of incorporation in the latest worldwide guidelines of the O-RADS MRI reporting system that allows to distinguish benign from malignant ovarian masses with a sensitivity and specificity higher than 90%.Key points• The initial diagnostic test accuracy studies show the limitation of a preoperative assessment of adnexal masses using solely ultrasonography.• The technical developments (DCE/DWI) w...
Source: Insights into Imaging - January 30, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Convolutional neural networks for the differentiation between benign and malignant renal tumors with a multicenter international computed tomography dataset
ConclusionDeep learning based on a diverse multicenter international dataset can enable accurate differentiation between benign and malignant renal tumors.Critical relevance statementConvolutional neural networks trained on a diverse CT dataset can accurately differentiate between benign and malignant renal tumors.Key points• Differentiation between benign and malignant tumors based on CT is extremely challenging.• Inception-ResNetV2 trained on a diverse dataset achieved excellent differentiation between tumor types.• Deep learning can be used to distinguish between benign and malignant renal tumors.Graphical Abstrac...
Source: Insights into Imaging - January 25, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Intratumoral and peritumoral radiomics predict pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy against advanced gastric cancer
ConclusionThe peritumoral model provided additional value in the evaluation of pathological response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy against advanced gastric cancer, and the combined-clinical model showed the highest predictive efficiency.Critical relevance statementIntratumoral and peritumoral radiomics can noninvasively predict the pathological response against advanced gastric cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy to guide early treatment decision and provide individual treatment for patients.Key points1. Radiomics can predict pathological responses after neoadjuvant chemotherapy against advanced gastric cancer.2. Peritu...
Source: Insights into Imaging - January 25, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research

Interactive training workshop to improve prostate mpMRI knowledge: results from the ESOR Nicholas Gourtsoyiannis teaching fellowship
ConclusionsA dedicated prostate MRI teaching course combining didactic lectures and hands-on workshops significantly improved short-term theoretical knowledge of the technique for clinicians with differing levels of experience.Critical relevance statementA dedicated teaching course significantly improved theoretical knowledge of the technique particularly for clinicians with less reporting experience and a lower baseline knowledge. The multiple-choice questions format mapped improved performance and may be considered as part of future MRI certification initiatives.Key points• Prostate MRI knowledge is important for image...
Source: Insights into Imaging - January 25, 2024 Category: Radiology Source Type: research