Weakly supervised segmentation models as explainable radiological classifiers for lung tumour detection on CT images
ConclusionWeakly supervised segmentation is a viable approach by which explainable object detection models may be developed for medical imaging.Critical relevance statementWSUnet learns to segment images at voxel level, training only with image-level labels. A Unet backbone first generates a voxel-level probability map and then extracts the maximum voxel prediction as the image-level prediction. Thus, training uses only image-level annotations, reducing human workload. WSUnet ’s voxel-level predictions provide a causally verifiable explanation for its image-level prediction, improving interpretability.Key points• Expla...
Source: Insights into Imaging - November 19, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Association of sex-specific abdominal adipose tissue with WHO/ISUP grade in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
ConclusionsIntermuscular fat index proved to be a valuable biomarker for the pathological grade of ccRCC and could be used as a reliable independent predictor of high-grade ccRCC for both males and females.Critical relevance statementSex-specific fat adipose tissue can be used as a new biomarker to provide a new dimension for renal tumor-related research and may provide new perspectives for personalized tumor management decision-making approaches.Key points• There are sex differences in distribution of subcutaneous fat and visceral fat.• The SFI, VFI, TFI, and rVAT were significantly lower in high-grade ccRCC male pati...
Source: Insights into Imaging - November 19, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Final-year medical students ’ perspective: a survey on the use of computed tomography in sepsis
ConclusionMost final-year medical students were familiar with the sepsis criteria. Still, some referred to outdated diagnostic criteria. Participants saw the ability to plan further patient management based on CT as a major benefit. Most participants were aware of radiation as a risk of CT.Critical relevance statementMore detailed knowledge of CT in septic patients should be implemented in the medical curriculum. Retraining of medical students could help increase student confidence potentially improving patient care.Key points1. Whereas the majority of final-year medical students were familiar with sepsis criteria, some re...
Source: Insights into Imaging - November 19, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Why mild contrast medium-induced reactions are sometimes over-treated and moderate/severe reactions of internal organs are undertreated: a summary based on RadioComics
(Source: Insights into Imaging)
Source: Insights into Imaging - November 19, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Correction: Subspecialisation in radiology in Europe, a survey of the accreditation council of imaging
(Source: Insights into Imaging)
Source: Insights into Imaging - November 17, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Validation of scoring systems for the prediction of complicated appendicitis in adults using clinical and computed tomographic findings
ConclusionsFew scoring systems, including proposed ones, had high AUCs, sensitivity, and reasonable specificities, which could potentially aid in safely selecting adult patients with acute appendicitis for nonoperative management.Critical relevance statementThe study suggests few scoring systems for predicting complicated appendicitis with high AUCs and reasonable sensitivities, potentially aiding in selecting patients for nonoperative management.Key points• The study evaluated existing and proposed new scoring systems to predict complicated appendicitis in adults with acute appendicitis on computed tomography.• Severa...
Source: Insights into Imaging - November 16, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Computed tomography-based thermography (CTT) in microwave ablation: prediction of the heat ablation zone in the porcine liver
ConclusionOur results show that CTT allows visualization of the ablation area and measurement of its size and is feasible in patients, encouraging further exploration in a clinical setting.Critical relevance statementCT-based thermography research software allows visualization of the ablation zone and is feasible in patients, encouraging further exploration in a clinical setting to assess risk reduction of local recurrence.Graphical Abstract (Source: Insights into Imaging)
Source: Insights into Imaging - November 14, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Preoperative prediction of cholangiocyte phenotype hepatocellular carcinoma on contrast-enhanced MRI and the prognostic implication after hepatectomy
ConclusionsContrast-enhanced MRI features can be used to predict cholangiocyte phenotype-positive HCC. Patients with pathologically confirmed or MRI model-predicted cholangiocyte phenotype HCC have a worse prognosis after hepatectomy.Critical relevance statementFour contrast-enhanced MRI features were significantly associated with cholangiocyte phenotype HCC and a worse prognosis following hepatectomy; these features may assist in predicting prognosis after surgery and improve personalized treatment decision-making.Key points• Four contrast-enhanced MRI features were significantly associated with cholangiocyte phenotype ...
Source: Insights into Imaging - November 14, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Evaluation of imaging findings in gastrointestinal anisakiasis in emergency CT and ultrasound
ConclusionsThe most frequent CT findings in patients with gastric anisakiasis are wall stratification and thickening, fat stranding and ascitic fluid. In the intestinal cases, wall thickening, fat oedema and vessel engorgement are the most often observed findings.Critical relevance statementThe presence of different radiological signs makes it advisable to include anisakiasis in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen. Intestinal and multifocal involvement rates are greater than previously reported.Key points• In gastric anisakiasis, CT frequently shows wall stratification and thickening, fat stranding and ascitic fl...
Source: Insights into Imaging - November 13, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Classification of nasal polyps and inverted papillomas using CT-based radiomics
ConclusionsWe demonstrated that CT-based radiomics plays a crucial role in distinguishing IP from NP. It can provide added diagnostic value by distinguishing benign nasal lesions and reducing the need for invasive diagnostic procedures and may play a vital role in guiding personalized treatment strategies and developing optimal therapies.Critical relevance statementBased on the extraction of radiomic features of tumor regions from non-contrast CT, optimized by radiomics to achieve non-invasive classification of IP and NP which provide support for respective therapy of IP and NP.Key points• CT images are commonly used to ...
Source: Insights into Imaging - November 13, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Artificial CT images can enhance variation of case images in diagnostic radiology skills training
ConclusionArtificial images can be generated in a way such that they blend in with original images and adhere to anatomical constraints, which can be manipulated to augment the variability of cases.Critical relevance statementArtificial medical images can be used to enhance the availability and variety of medical training images by creating new but comparable images that can blend in with original images.Key points• Artificial images, similar to original ones, can be created using generative networks.• Pathological features of artificial images can be adjusted through guiding the network.• Artificial images proved vi...
Source: Insights into Imaging - November 7, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Generalizable attention U-Net for segmentation of fibroglandular tissue and background parenchymal enhancement in breast DCE-MRI
ConclusionsGeneralizable algorithms for FGT and BPE segmentation were developed and tested. Our results suggest that when assessing FGT, it is sufficient to use volumetric measures alone. However, for the evaluation of BPE, additional models considering voxels ’ intensity distribution and morphology are required.Critical relevance statementA standardized assessment of FGT density can rely on volumetric measures, whereas in the case of BPE, the volumetric measures constitute, along with voxels ’ intensity distribution and morphology, an important factor.Key points• Our work contributes to the standardization of FGT an...
Source: Insights into Imaging - November 6, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Evaluation of surgical revascularization procedure outcomes for adult Moyamoya disease: a computed tomography perfusion-based study
ConclusionHighlighting the utility of CTP, this study demonstrates its effectiveness in assessing postoperative cerebral hemodynamic changes in adult MMD patients. STA-MCA yielded a larger postoperative perfusion area and greater improvement compared to EDAS, suggesting CTP ’s potential to elucidate symptom variation between two surgical revascularization procedures.Critical relevance statementWe analyzed computed tomography perfusion parameters in pre- and postoperative adult Moyamoya disease patients undergoing superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass and encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis. Our findings s...
Source: Insights into Imaging - November 4, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Letter to the Editor on “Comparative performance of fully-automated and semi-automated artificial intelligence methods for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer on MRI: a systematic review”
(Source: Insights into Imaging)
Source: Insights into Imaging - November 3, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Optimal combination periprosthetic vasculature visualization and metal artifact reduction by spectral computed tomography using virtual monoenergetic images in total hip arthroplasty
ConclusionEighty kiloelectron volts on VMIMAR, providing satisfactorily reduced metal artifacts and improved vascular visualization, can be an optimal recommended parameter of spectrum CT for the assessment of periprosthetic vasculature in THA patients.Critical relevance statementThe metal artifact is gradually reducing with increasing energy level; however, the vascular visualization is worsening. The vascular visualization is terrible above 100 keV, while the vessel is disturbed by artifacts below 70 keV. The best performance is found at 80 keV.Key points• VMIMAR can provide both reduced metal artifacts and improve...
Source: Insights into Imaging - October 26, 2023 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
