Federal actions to incentivise state adoption of 0.08 g/dL blood alcohol concentration laws
Conclusion
In the case of 0.08 g/dL BAC per se laws, the federal government's threat to withhold transportation funds was effective at accelerating policy adoption. (Source: Injury Prevention)
Source: Injury Prevention - September 25, 2017 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Tung, G. J., Vernick, J. S., Stuart, E. A., Webster, D. W., Gielen, A. C. Tags: Original article Source Type: research
Epidemiology and mapping of serious and fatal road traffic injuries in Guyana: results from a cross-sectional study
Conclusions
Road traffic injuries pose a considerable public health burden in Guyana. These results suggest a pattern of high mortality in rural collisions and a disproportionate burden of injuries on vulnerable road users. The spatial distribution of collisions should be considered in order to target interventions and improve road traffic safety. (Source: Injury Prevention)
Source: Injury Prevention - September 25, 2017 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: McWade, C. M., McWade, M. A., Quistberg, D. A., McNaughton, C. D., Wang, L., Bux, Z., Forget, N. P. Tags: Editor's choice Original article Source Type: research
National 10-year trend in road injuries involving school children on the way to and from school in Japan, 2003-2012
Conclusions
Although the overall rate of road injuries among children while commuting was decreasing, cyclists were at a much greater risk than pedestrians, and the improvements for cyclists occurred at a slower pace. (Source: Injury Prevention)
Source: Injury Prevention - September 25, 2017 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Inada, H., Tomio, J., Nakahara, S., Xu, X., Taniguchi, A., Ichikawa, M. Tags: Original article Source Type: research
The impact of child restraint legislation on the incidence of severe paediatric injury in Chile
Conclusions
This is the first study to examine the association between CRL and severe paediatric injury in a Latin-American country. This study suggests that Chile's CRL was only effective in the short term. To support this type of reforms in the long term, other measures such as police enforcement, public information campaigns and involvement of public health professionals in educating parents about the benefits of using child restraints should be considered. (Source: Injury Prevention)
Source: Injury Prevention - September 25, 2017 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Nazif-Munoz, J. I., Gariepy, G., Falconer, J., Gong, A., Macpherson, A. Tags: Original article Source Type: research
Thank you to our reviewers 2016
The Editor would like to publicly acknowledge the people listed below who served as reviewers on the journal during 2016. Without their efforts, the quality of the journal could not be sustained. Abdalla, Safa Adams, Christy Addo, Bright Aidoo, Eric Al-hamdani, Mohammed Alexander, Keith Allareddy, Veerajalandhar Alphonsus, Khrisha Ameratunga, Shanthi Anglemyer, Andrew Arbogast, Kristy Ashraf, Aabid Austin, Laurel Ayubi, Erfan Bachynski, Kathleen Bashir, Zarnaaz Bass, Cameron Bates, Lyndel Beck, Ben Bel, Kathy Bell, Jeneita Berli, Corina Bernick, Charles Betts, Lucy Beuhler, Michael C Bishai, David Blackman, Ross A Blank, D...
Source: Injury Prevention - September 25, 2017 Category: Accident Prevention Tags: Reviewers Source Type: research
Global news highlights
Global road traffic injury prevention A Center for Injury Research and Policy (CIRP) team in Philadelphia, and a major multinational corporation, studied employee perceptions of road risks. The research was conducted in two Indian cities with high traffic injury rates. The results indicate the need ‘to balance customizing prevention efforts to the local environment with an overarching, evidence-based corporate strategy’. This conclusion was reached using interviews, focus groups and surveys. The study was published in the International Journal of Injury Control and Safety Promotion. Comment: Flaura K Winston, t...
Source: Injury Prevention - May 26, 2017 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Pless, I. B. Tags: News and notes Source Type: research
Mandatory desexing of dogs: one step in the right direction to reduce the risk of dog bite? A systematic review
Conclusions
There is consistent evidence that desexing dogs is associated with a reduced risk of dog bite, although the studies reflect association and may not be causal. Although recent publications have suggested desexing is associated with health and behavioural costs in some breeds, population level evidence supports desexed dogs having a longer lifespan, and being less likely to wander with the added benefit of reducing unwanted litters. Thus, mandatory desexing presents a possible opportunity for prevention of dog bites expanding dog bite prevention beyond an education-only approach. (Source: Injury Prevention)
Source: Injury Prevention - May 26, 2017 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: D'Onise, K., Hazel, S., Caraguel, C. Tags: Systematic review Source Type: research
Full-face motorcycle helmet protection from facial impacts: an investigation using THOR dummy impacts and SIMon finite element head model
Conclusions
Despite the lack of an impact attenuation requirement for the face, full-face helmets do provide a reduction in head injury risk to the wearer in facial impacts. The specific helmet design factors that influence head injury risk in facial impacts need further investigation if improved protection for helmeted motorcyclists is to be achieved. (Source: Injury Prevention)
Source: Injury Prevention - May 26, 2017 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Whyte, T., Gibson, T., Eager, D., Milthorpe, B. Tags: Student submission Source Type: research
Facilitators and barriers for the adoption, implementation and monitoring of child safety interventions: a multinational qualitative analysis
The efficiency and effectiveness of child safety interventions are determined by the quality of the implementation process. This multinational European study aimed to identify facilitators and barriers for the three phases of implementation: adoption, implementation and monitoring (AIM process). Twenty-seven participants from across the WHO European Region were invited to provide case studies of child safety interventions from their country. Cases were selected by the authors to ensure broad coverage of injury issues, age groups and governance level of implementation (eg, national, regional or local). Each participant pres...
Source: Injury Prevention - May 26, 2017 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Scholtes, B., Schröder-Bäck, P., MacKay, J. M., Vincenten, J., Förster, K., Brand, H. Tags: Editor's choice Special feature Source Type: research
Promoting comprehensive disaster policy through interdisciplinary collaboration
Systems science is a field dedicated to the study of systems within society or nature.1 It routinely draws on disciplines including engineering, medicine, economics and the environmental sciences. Analyses that use a systems science approach typically consider interactions between a system (eg, public transportation within a city) and the environment in which it functions (eg, weather conditions), and account for dynamic behaviour (eg, individuals’ responses to a severe weather event).2 Although public policy provides an additional layer of societal context for any given system, legal and policy factors are rarely in...
Source: Injury Prevention - May 26, 2017 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Rutkow, L., Mitrani-Reiser, J., Barnett, D. J. Tags: Policy forum Source Type: research
Harmful alcohol use among injured adult patients presenting to a Ghanaian emergency department
We performed a nested convenience sample survey of harmful alcohol use among injured patients aged 18 years and older treated in the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (Kumasi, Ghana) emergency department (ED). Data from the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, alcohol breath or saliva tests, patient demographics and injury characteristics were collected from an administered survey and medical chart review. A total of 403 subjects were surveyed, and 107 (27%; 95% CI 22 to 31) reported harmful alcohol use. High rates of harmful alcohol use were found among males (35%), acutely alcohol-positive subjects (55%), drivers ...
Source: Injury Prevention - May 26, 2017 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Gardner, A., Forson, P. K., Oduro, G., Djan, D., Adu, K. O., Ofori-Anti, K., Maio, R. F. Tags: Brief report Source Type: research
Girls crash too: trends in single vehicle crash rates in young and adult, male and female drivers
Young adult drivers (YADs) are over-represented in crashes mainly because of their age and inexperience. Studying single vehicle crashes by age and sex may identify new approaches to intervention. In 2014, male YAD (17–19 years) crash casualty rates were 11.4 times higher than older drivers (30–59 years), compared with 17.6 times higher in 2005, and 1.9 times female YAD, compared with 2.5 times higher in 2005. Crash casualty rates involving male and female YADs are declining. Action is needed to address YAD crash casualties involving both males and females. Graduated driver licensing is a universal ap...
Source: Injury Prevention - May 26, 2017 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Jones, S. J. Tags: Brief report Source Type: research
The role of intersection and street design on severity of bicycle-motor vehicle crashes
Conclusion
Crashes at non-orthogonal intersections and non-intersection segments are more likely to result in higher injury severity. The findings can be used to improve road design and develop effective safety interventions. (Source: Injury Prevention)
Source: Injury Prevention - May 26, 2017 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Asgarzadeh, M., Verma, S., Mekary, R. A., Courtney, T. K., Christiani, D. C. Tags: Open access Original article Source Type: research
Estimating the burden of injury in urban and rural Sudan in 2008
Conclusions
Road traffic injuries should remain a priority for the country but better data are needed for rural Sudan. To that end, investment in existing data collection systems is essential. Our method can be applied in other countries with a similar data availability pattern. (Source: Injury Prevention)
Source: Injury Prevention - May 26, 2017 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Abdalla, S., Ahmed, S., Swareldahab, Z., Bhalla, K., on behalf of the Sudan Burden of Injury Team, Abraham, Yousuf Tags: Epidemiologic studies Original article Source Type: research
"I wasn't texting; I was just reading an email ...": a qualitative study of distracted driving enforcement in Washington State
Conclusions
Individual, interpersonal, organisational and societal factors influence enforcement of distracted driving laws. Targeted interventions should be developed to address distracted driving and sustain effective enforcement. (Source: Injury Prevention)
Source: Injury Prevention - May 26, 2017 Category: Accident Prevention Authors: Nevin, P. E., Blanar, L., Kirk, A. P., Freedheim, A., Kaufman, R., Hitchcock, L., Maeser, J. D., Ebel, B. E. Tags: Original article Source Type: research
