Comparison of the effects of active and passive smoking of tobacco cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery systems and tobacco heating products on the expression and secretion of oxidative stress and inflammatory response markers. A systematic review
We present the effect of active smoking of e-cigarettes (EC) and heat-not-burn (HnB) products on the increased expression and secretion of oxidative stress and inflammatory response markers. However, there is only a limited number of studies on the effect of their second-hand smoking, and those available mainly describe aerosol composition.DISCUSSION: The literature provides data which confirm that active and passive cigarette smoking induces oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the airways and is a key risk factor of COPD development. Currently, there is a limited number of data about ENDS and THP active and pass...
Source: Inhalation Toxicology - February 23, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Paulina Natalia Kopa-Stojak Rafal Pawliczak Source Type: research
Inhaled endotoxin induces a systemic neutrophil response without affecting cardiovascular measures in a randomized cross-over exposure study
CONCLUSIONS: In healthy adults, systemic inflammation after LPS inhalation was not associated with acute changes in cardiovascular physiology. Larger studies are needed to investigate the effects of other PM components on inflammation induced cardiovascular dysfunction.PMID:38368594 | DOI:10.1080/08958378.2024.2316241 (Source: Inhalation Toxicology)
Source: Inhalation Toxicology - February 18, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Stephen A Schworer Alan L Hinderliter Melissa C Caughey Carole Robinette Kelly D Chason Haolin Li Haibo Zhou Amika K Sood Allison J Burbank David B Peden Michelle L Hernandez Source Type: research
Health burden of sugarcane burning on agricultural workers and nearby communities
Inhal Toxicol. 2024 Feb 13:1-16. doi: 10.1080/08958378.2024.2316875. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSugarcane is the most widely cultivated crop in the world, with equatorial developing nations performing most of this agriculture. Burning sugarcane is a common practice to facilitate harvest, producing extremely high volumes of respirable particulate matter in the process. These emissions are known to have deleterious effects on agricultural workers and nearby communities, but the extent of this exposure and potential toxicity remain poorly characterized. As the epidemicof chronic kidney disease of an unknown etiology (CKDu)...
Source: Inhalation Toxicology - February 13, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Arthur D Stem Matthew Gibb Carlos A Roncal-Jimenez Richard J Johnson Jared M Brown Source Type: research
Comparison of microparticle transport and deposition in nasal cavity of three different age groups
This study aims to understand the particle deposition patterns in three age groups: neonate, infant, and adult.Materials and methods: The CT scans are built using MIMICS 21.0, followed by CATIA V6 to generate a patient-specific airway model. Fluid flow is simulated using ANSYS FLUENT 2021 R2. Spherical monodisperse microparticles ranging from 2 to 60 µm and a density of 1100 kg/m3 are simulated at steady-state and sedentary inspiration conditions.Results: The highest nasal valve depositions for the neonate are 25% for 20 µm, for infants, 10% for 50 µm, 15% for adults, and 15% for 15 µm. At mid nasal region, deposition ...
Source: Inhalation Toxicology - February 12, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: John Valerian Corda B Satish Shenoy Kamarul Arifin Ahmad Leslie Lewis Prakashini K Anoop Rao Mohammad Zuber Source Type: research
Lysosomal BK channels facilitate silica-induced inflammation in macrophages
CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results demonstrate that inhibiting lysosomal BK channel activity with PAX effectively reduced silica-induced cell death and IL-1β release. Blocking cytosolic K+ entry into the lysosome prevented LMP through the decrease of lysosomal acidification and proteolytic function and increase in lysosomal cholesterol.PMID:38261520 | DOI:10.1080/08958378.2024.2305112 (Source: Inhalation Toxicology)
Source: Inhalation Toxicology - January 23, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Rebekah L Kendall Andrij Holian Source Type: research
Establishing short-term occupational exposure limits (STELs) for sensory irritants using predictive and < em > in silico < /em > respiratory rate depression (RD < sub > 50 < /sub > ) models
Inhal Toxicol. 2024 Jan 22:1-13. doi: 10.1080/08958378.2023.2299867. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTSensory irritation is a health endpoint that serves as the critical effect basis for many occupational exposure limits (OELs). Schaper 1993 described a significant relationship with high correlation between the measured exposure concentration producing a 50% respiratory rate decrease (RD50) in a standard rodent assay and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH®) Threshold Limit Values (TLVs®) as time-weighted averages (TWAs) for airborne chemical irritants. The results demonstrated the potential...
Source: Inhalation Toxicology - January 22, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Anthony J Russell Melissa Vincent Amanda N Buerger Scott Dotson Jason Lotter Andrew Maier Source Type: research
Long-term health complications of chemical weapon exposure: a study on Halabja chemical attack survivors (Iraqi Kurds)
CONCLUSION: In this study comparing CW survivors with a local control population, a single, high-dose exposure to CWs was associated with significant increases in chronic respiratory and cardiac conditions, in addition to high rates of ADL impairment. Similar studies are needed in other, more recent CW survivor cohorts.PMID:38190328 | DOI:10.1080/08958378.2024.2301985 (Source: Inhalation Toxicology)
Source: Inhalation Toxicology - January 8, 2024 Category: Respiratory Medicine Authors: Belal A Muhammad Salih A Hama Karzan A M Hawrami Salar H Karim Gasha S Ahmed Hawbash M Rahim Source Type: research
