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Predominance of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms as cause of surgical site infections at a private tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India
Conclusions: Although the SSI rate is comparable to established international benchmarks, the predominance of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms is a matter of serious concern. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 4, 2020 Category: Microbiology Authors: Sweta Shah Tanu Singhal Reshma Naik Pooja Thakkar Source Type: research

Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in patients hospitalised for community-acquired pneumonia in Southern Jordan
Conclusions: The present findings clearly suggest a role of C. pneumoniae in the aetiology of CAP in Southern Jordan. However, coinfections with other respiratory pathogens should not be excluded. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 4, 2020 Category: Microbiology Authors: Tahany Saleem Al-Hajaya Wael Ali Al-Zereini Hesham Mahmoud Al-Younes Source Type: research

Genetic sequencing of influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 isolates from South India, collected between 2011 and 2015 to detect mutations affecting virulence and resistance to oseltamivir
Conclusion: In this study, although H274Y mutation associated with oseltamivir resistance has not been noted, significant mutations have been noted in both HA and NA genes including D239N, N295S, V106I, Q136K, N248D, V267A. In both HA and NA gene analysis, multiple mutations were found more in 2015 strains when compared to 2012 strains. Hence such accumulation of mutations has to be monitored continuously to determine the efficacy of annual flu vaccines and anti-influenza drugs. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 4, 2020 Category: Microbiology Authors: P Nandhini Sujatha Sistla Source Type: research

Detection of chlamydia trachomatis infection among the pregnant women attending a tertiary care hospital in Kerala - South India by polymerase chain reaction
Conclusion: This suggests there is a prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in our population which is 10%. Hence, it should be noted as a significant public health problem especially among sexually active young women of child bearing age. Timely detection and prompt treatment of Chlamydial infection during pregnancy can eliminate its adverse outcomes. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 4, 2020 Category: Microbiology Authors: A Neena R Deepa Source Type: research

Expected plazomicin susceptibility in India based on the prevailing aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms in Gram-negative organisms derived from whole-genome sequencing
Conclusion: Overall, 53%, 62% and 14% of carbapenemase-producing E. coli, K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii harbours only AMEs, indicating the role of plazomicin use. Plazomicin can be used both for ESBLs as “carbapenem-sparing agent” and carbapenemase producers as “colistin-sparing agent.” For optimal use, it is essential to know the molecular epidemiology of resistance in a given geographical region where plazomicin empirical therapy is considered. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 4, 2020 Category: Microbiology Authors: Agila Kumari Pragasam S Lydia Jennifer Dhanalakshmi Solaimalai Dhiviya Prabaa Muthuirulandi Sethuvel Tanya Rachel Divyaa Elangovan Karthick Vasudevan Karthick Gunasekaran Balaji Veeraraghavan Source Type: research

Assessment of antibacterial activity of levonadifloxacin against contemporary gram-positive clinical isolates collected from various Indian hospitals using disk-diffusion assay
Conclusions: The present study showed that levonadifloxacin was highly active against contemporary Gram-positive pathogens and furthermore demonstrated that levonadifloxacin susceptibilities can be reliably determined using the disc-diffusion method. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 4, 2020 Category: Microbiology Authors: Shrikala Baliga Dhruv K Mamtora Varsha Gupta Priyadarshini Shanmugam Sanjay Biswas DN Mukherjee Suchitra Shenoy Source Type: research

A systematic review and meta-analysis of different diagnostic procedures to detect gonococcus infection in resource-limited scenario
Conclusions: In a resource-limited scenario like India, the syndromic management of STIs are considered to be the norm. A positive diagnosis is only given if the tests are confirmed by Culture, as it is still considered to be the gold standard of diagnosis. However, in many cases, due to suboptimal transportation and lack of proper handling, culture in unable to grow even if the patient is infected. In such cases, Nucleic Acid Tests should be able to detect an infection. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 4, 2020 Category: Microbiology Authors: Aromita Mallik Nibedita Das Swati Mukherjee Shibani Datta Source Type: research

Evaluation of matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry in direct identification of bacteriuria from urine samples
Conclusion: MALDI can be utilised to rule out bacteriuria in >93% of sterile urine samples. The combination of significant pyuria and direct MALDI as screening method to diagnose UTI (whether monomicrobial or polymicrobial) was not found to be superior than using direct MALDI on urine samples alone. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 4, 2020 Category: Microbiology Authors: Balvinder Mohan Neha Gautam Nandini Sethuraman Harsimran Kaur Neelam Taneja Source Type: research

Utility of a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for combined detection and serotyping of dengue virus in paediatric patients hospitalised with severe dengue: A report from Chennai
Conclusions: Compared to NS1, multiplex real-time PCR is a rapid and accurate diagnostic test for children hospitalised with SD. DEN-2 was the predominant serotype in severe cases. Continued surveillance of serotypes should be carried out year-round in endemic areas. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 4, 2020 Category: Microbiology Authors: S Balasubramanian Sara Chandy Robinson Peter Gothai S Nachiyar Amullya Sudhakar A Sumanth Anand Manoharan Source Type: research

Can quantitative RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 help in better management of patients and control of coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Ashok Rattan, Hafiz AhmadIndian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2020 38(3):284-287 The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), represents a public health emergency of unprecedented proportion. The global containment efforts have been focused on testing, tracing of contacts and treatment (isolation) of those found COVID-19 positive. Since the whole genome sequences of a number of strains of this novel RNA virus were available in the public domain by early January 2020, a number of real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocols were designed and used for diagnosis of this...
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 4, 2020 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ashok Rattan Hafiz Ahmad Source Type: research

Role of surveillance cultures in infection control
Manisha Biswal, Archana Angrup, Rimjhim KanaujiaIndian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2020 38(3):277-283 Hospital-acquired infections are a known menace to the primary disease, for which a patient is admitted. These infections are twenty times more common in developing countries than in the developed ones. Surveillance for colonised patients can be passive or active process. In many hospitals, active surveillance culture for certain sentinel organisms followed by contact precautions for the same is an important part of infection control policy. Specific measures can be taken on early detection of multidrug-resistant orga...
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 4, 2020 Category: Microbiology Authors: Manisha Biswal Archana Angrup Rimjhim Kanaujia Source Type: research

Effect of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on COVID-19 virological outcomes: An updated meta-analysis
Rashmi Ranjan Das, Bijayini Behera, Baijayantimala Mishra, Sushree Samiksha NaikIndian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2020 38(3):265-272 As anti-malarial drugs have been found to inhibit Corona viruses in vitro, studies have evaluated the effect of these drugs inCOVID-19 infection. We conducted an updated meta-analysis of clinical trials and observational studies published till June 2020. Patients with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) infection were included. The drugs used in the intervention group are Chloroquine (CQ)/Hydroxych...
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 4, 2020 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rashmi Ranjan Das Bijayini Behera Baijayantimala Mishra Sushree Samiksha Naik Source Type: research

Paediatric COVID-19 and the GUT
Rohit Gupta, Saman Beg, Alok Jain, Shrish BhatnagarIndian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2020 38(3):261-264 Although children with novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) typically present with fever and respiratory symptoms, some children have reported gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms including vomiting and diarrhoea during the course of the disease. The continuous positive detection of the viral RNA from faeces in children even after nasopharyngeal swabs turned negative suggests that the GI tract may shed virus and a tentative faecal–oral transmission. The presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor ...
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 4, 2020 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rohit Gupta Saman Beg Alok Jain Shrish Bhatnagar Source Type: research

Convalescent plasma & #8211; Is it useful for treating SARS Co-V2 infection ?
This article will review the current guidelines for the use of CP and compare the various guidelines of different agencies. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 4, 2020 Category: Microbiology Authors: Sudha Ranganathan Ranganathan N Iyer Source Type: research

Steps, implementation and importance of quality management in diagnostic laboratories with special emphasis on coronavirus disease-2019
Shailesh D Pawar, Sadhana S Kode, Sachin S Keng, Deeksha S Tare, Priya AbrahamIndian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2020 38(3):243-251 A well-established and functional quality management system is an integral part of any diagnostic laboratory. It assures the reliability and standards of the laboratory function. A pandemic situation such as that caused by the influenza H1N1 2009 virus or the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) increases the demands on the public health system, and the need to build, upgrade and expand the number of diagnostic laboratories. The Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID...
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - November 4, 2020 Category: Microbiology Authors: Shailesh D Pawar Sadhana S Kode Sachin S Keng Deeksha S Tare Priya Abraham Source Type: research