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Improved case detection using Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin assay in skeletal tuberculosis
Conclusion: The spine is the most common site involved. Tissue specimen is better for early diagnosis. High RIF resistance in skeletal TB is an alarming situation. Ability of Xpert MTB/RIF assay for rapid and simultaneous detection of MTB and RIF resistance in comparison with culture makes it a useful diagnostic tool in skeletal TB. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - March 17, 2019 Category: Microbiology Authors: Swapna Rajesh Kanade Gita Nataraj Preeti Rajiv Mehta Source Type: research

Deciphering polymyxin B minimum inhibitory concentration from colistin minimum inhibitory concentration and vice versa: An analysis on 156 carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates
Bijayini Behera, Jayanti Jena, Punyatoya Kar, Srujana Mohanty, Ashoka MahapatraIndian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2018 36(4):587-589The susceptibility determination to polymyxins (colistin and polymyxin B) remains a challenge for clinical microbiology laboratories. We evaluated the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of both antimicrobials by the broth microdilution method in a selected subset of 156 carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) isolates. Good concordance between polymyxin B and colistin MIC values was obtained, and there was 98% categorical agreement in CRE isolates. Future large-scale m...
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - March 17, 2019 Category: Microbiology Authors: Bijayini Behera Jayanti Jena Punyatoya Kar Srujana Mohanty Ashoka Mahapatra Source Type: research

Clinical relevance of cagA and vacA and association with mucosal findings in Helicobacter pylori-infected individuals from Chennai, South India
In this study, an attempt was made to correlate endoscopic mucosal patterns with H. pylori infection and examine the pathogenic potential of the strains. Among the 147 dyspeptic individuals studied, 42.2% were H. pylori infected. Association of H. pylori with type 3 and 4 mucosal patterns (P = 0.001) and intestinal metaplasia (P = 0.012) was seen. vacA was associated with histological (P = 0.014) and endoscopy findings (P = 0.009). Association of mucosal patterns with H. pylori infection could be useful for clinicians to decide on the need for eradication therapy. (Sou...
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - March 17, 2019 Category: Microbiology Authors: Anand Vadivel C P. Girish Kumar K Muthukumaran G Ramkumar R Balamurali Rang Lal Meena S Venkatasubramanian T Rajkumar Solomon P Ganesh S Jeevan Kumar Source Type: research

National survey of infection control programmes in South Asian association for Regional Cooperation countries in the era of patient safety
Conclusion: These results outline IPC challenges in the SAARC region and may be useful to guide future quality improvement initiatives. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - March 17, 2019 Category: Microbiology Authors: Shakti Kumar Gupta Vijaydeep Siddharth Mahesh R Belagere Andrew James Stewardson Sunil Kant Sanjeev Singh Nalini Singh Source Type: research

Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae screening: A core infection control measure for critical care unit in India ?
Conclusion: Overall CRE colonization rates among our CCU patients were found to be low. Risk factors associated with CRE colonization were high end antibiotic exposure and surgery in past 90 days. Hence rectal screening should be a risk factor–based active surveillance. Association of systemic infection among CRE colonizers was more significant. This study led us to modify our infection control practices in CCU. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - March 17, 2019 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yamunadevi V Ramanathan Ramasubramanian Venkatasubramanian P Senthur Nambi Madhumitha Ramabathiran Ramesh Venkataraman MA Thirunarayan P Samundeeswari Nagarajan Ramakrishnan Source Type: research

Sub-inhibitory concentration of ertapenem induces overexpression of regulator of antibiotic resistance A in Escherichia coli
Shiela Chetri, Kabita Singha, Deepshikha Bhowmik, Debadatta Dhar Chanda, Atanu Chakravarty, Amitabha BhattacharjeeIndian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2018 36(4):569-571AcrAB-TolC is a tripartite efflux pump system constitutively expressed which functions as an intrinsic-resistant mechanism found to be responsible for conferring resistance towards dyes, detergents and different compounds including various classes of antibiotics. One global regulator belonging to AraC-type regulator family, regulator of antibiotic resistance A (RarA) up-regulates the expression of AcrAB-TolC encoded in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter ...
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - March 17, 2019 Category: Microbiology Authors: Shiela Chetri Kabita Singha Deepshikha Bhowmik Debadatta Dhar Chanda Atanu Chakravarty Amitabha Bhattacharjee Source Type: research

Exserohilum keratitis: Clinical profile of nine patients and comparison of morphology versus ITS-Based DNA sequencing for species identification of the fungal isolates
Conclusions: Diagnosis and clinical features of Exserohilum keratitis are akin to other dematiaceous keratitis. The two morphological species of E. mcginnisii and E. rostratum are indistinguishable from Setosphaeria rostratum at DNA sequence level, which justifies the retention of the latter nomenclature. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - March 17, 2019 Category: Microbiology Authors: Rajagopalaboopathi Jayasudha Savitri Sharma Paavan Kalra Dilip Kumar Mishra Source Type: research

Evaluation of biomarkers: Galactomannan and 1,3-beta-D-glucan assay for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised patients from a tertiary care centre
Conclusion: BDG has good sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing IFI from no IFIs and GMI may be used for diagnosing IA. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - March 17, 2019 Category: Microbiology Authors: Shreya Singh Harsimran Kaur Hansraj Choudhary Shveta Sethi Pankaj Malhotra Krishan Lal Gupta Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy Arunaloke Chakrabarti Source Type: research

Real-time multiplex polymerase chain reaction with high-resolution melting-curve analysis for the diagnosis of enteric infections associated with diarrheagenic Escherichia coli
Conclusion: This study helped evaluate the prevalence of DEC amongst children (<18 years of age) with and without diarrhoea using multiplex real-time PCR with HRM analysis. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - March 17, 2019 Category: Microbiology Authors: Thingujam Surbala Devi Elantamilan Durairaj Wihiwot Valarie Lyngdoh Sourabh Gohain Duwarah Annie Bakorlin Khyriem Clarissa Jane Lyngdoh Source Type: research

High-sensitivity detection of human malaria parasites by the use of rapid diagnostic tests and nested polymerase chain reaction in burdened communities of North East India
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that PCR, RDT and microscopy can potentially determine hotspots at moderate transmission intensities, but PCR testing has a diagnostic advantage as transmission intensity falls. Therefore, malaria control programs should consider PCR testing when the prevalence of infection is low. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - March 17, 2019 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ramzan Ahmed Kuldip Devnath Deep Bhowmik Indu Sharma Source Type: research

Transcriptional response of AcrEF-TolC against fluoroquinolone and carbapenem in Escherichia coli of clinical origin
Conclusion: Upregulation of AcrE in the presence of levofloxacin and ofloxacin warrants further investigation to establish their active role in efflux of this drug. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - March 17, 2019 Category: Microbiology Authors: Shiela Chetri Anutee Dolley Deepshikha Bhowmik Debadatta Dhar Chanda Atanu Chakravarty Amitabha Bhattacharjee Source Type: research

A study on the circulating genotypes of hepatitis C virus in a tertiary care hospital in Central Kerala
Conclusion: To conclude, the occurrence of genotype 4 at a similar level to genotype 1 shows diffusion of new genotype in Kerala. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - March 17, 2019 Category: Microbiology Authors: Maria John Seema Oommen Ozhiparambhil Anilkumar Jagan Sincy George Sivan Pillai Source Type: research

A study of influenza 2017 & #8211;2018 outbreak in Andhra Pradesh, India
Conclusion: The outbreak started in the late monsoon (January) of 2017 and had two peaks; one in summer months and another in winter months. Influenza B virus was reported from December 2017 to May 2018. Age groups ≤5 years and 6–18 years had higher positivity as compared to other age groups. Regular surveillance programmes are required for assessing the trends of influenza infections due to various subtypes and to plan timely and adequate steps for preventing the spread to larger vulnerable population. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - March 17, 2019 Category: Microbiology Authors: Nagaraja Mudhigeti Rishi Gowtham Racherla Padmalatha Anjaneyulu Mahalakshmi Madhavi Latha Pamireddy Umapathi Nallapireddy Meenakshi Kante Usha Kalawat Source Type: research

Occurrence of II and V staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec types among coagulase-negative staphylococci from Northeastern part of India
Conclusion: This study therefore interprets the relative importance of SCCmec types among MR-CoNS isolates. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - March 17, 2019 Category: Microbiology Authors: Deepshikha Bhowmik Pinki Chakraborty Rituparna Bhowmick Rakesh Sarkar Shiela Chetri Amitabha Bhattacharjee Source Type: research

Human papillomavirus prevalence and genotype distribution among Turkish women with or without cervical lesion
Conclusions: We concluded that HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in women with or without clinical findings is an important predictor of cervical cancer. (Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology)
Source: Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology - March 17, 2019 Category: Microbiology Authors: Mehmet Demirci Aylin Dag Guzel Aynur Adeviye Ersahin Eda Yorulmaz Suat Suphan Ersahin Baris Ata Borsa Source Type: research