Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Overview of Allergy and Anaphylaxis
Allergic reactions and anaphylaxis occur on a severity continuum from mild and self-limited to potentially life-threatening or fatal reactions. Anaphylaxis is typically a multiorgan phenomenon involving a broad range of effector cells and mediators. Emergency department visits for anaphylaxis are increasing, especially among children. There is a broad differential diagnosis for anaphylaxis, and the diagnosis of anaphylaxis can be aided by the use of the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network clinical diagnostic criteria. Risk factors for severe anaphylaxis include older a...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - July 1, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Timothy E. Dribin, Megan S. Motosue, Ronna L. Campbell Source Type: research

Allergic Acute Coronary Syndrome —Kounis Syndrome
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the setting of an allergic/immunologic reaction is known as Kounis syndrome. It is an underdiagnosed and underrecognized disease entity. One must keep a high index of suspicions when managing a patient presenting with cardiac as well as allergic symptoms. There are 3 main variants to the syndrome. Treating the allergic reaction may alleviate the pain; however, ACS guidelines should be followed if cardiac ischemia is present. (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - July 1, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Leen Alblaihed, Maite Anna Huis in ‘t Veld Source Type: research

Sarcoidosis
has a multitude of manifestations and affects the human body widely. Pulmonary complaints are most common; however, cardiac, optic, and neurologic manifestations carry high mortality and morbidity. Acute presentations in the emergency room can cause life-altering effects if not appropriately diagnosed and treated. Generally, less severe cases of sarcoidosis have a favorable prognosis and can be treated with steroid therapy. Resistant and more severe cases of the disease carry high mortality and morbidity. It is incredibly important to arrange specialty follow-up for these patients when needed. This review focuses on the a...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - July 1, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Denrick Cooper, Salvador Suau Source Type: research

Hereditary Angioedema
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder that usual results from a decreased level of functional C1-INH and clinically manifests with intermittent attacks of swelling of the subcutaneous tissue or submucosal layers of the respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts. Laboratory studies and radiographic imaging have limited roles in evaluation of patients with acute attacks of HAE except when the diagnosis is uncertain and other processes must be ruled out. Treatment begins with assessment of the airway to determine the need for immediate intervention. Emergency physicians should understand the pa...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - July 1, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: R. Gentry Wilkerson, Joseph J. Moellman Source Type: research

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor –Induced Angioedema
Angioedema is a well-recognized and potentially lethal complication of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) therapy. In ACEi-induced angioedema, bradykinin accumulates due to a decrease in its metabolism by ACE, the enzyme that is primarily responsible for this function. The action of bradykinin at bradykinin type 2 receptors leads to increased vascular permeability and the accumulation of fluid in the subcutaneous and submucosal space. Patients with ACEi-induced angioedema are at risk for airway compromise because of the tendency for the face, lips, tongue, and airway structures to be affected. The emergency phy...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - July 1, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: R. Gentry Wilkerson, Michael E. Winters Source Type: research

Allergy, Inflammatory, and Autoimmune Disorders in Emergency Medicine
IMMUNOLOGY AND ALLERGYCLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - July 1, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: R. Gentry Wilkerson, Salvador Suau Source Type: research

Copyright
ELSEVIER (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - July 1, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Contributors
ROHIT KATIAL (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - July 1, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Contents
R. Gentry Wilkerson and Salvador Suau (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - July 1, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Forthcoming Issues
Mast Cell Disorders (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - July 1, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Non-advanced Systemic Mastocytosis
This article will review the current state of the science and available clinical data from trials of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-advanced systemic mastocytosis. (Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America)
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - June 20, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Cem Akin Source Type: research

KIT Mutations and Other Genetic Defects in Mastocytosis
A KIT activating mutation (usually KIT D816V) is detected in neoplastic cells in greater than 90% of indolent patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM). In more advanced variants of SM, additional genetic defects can be found in several myeloid malignancy-related genes, which can be detected by applying next-generation sequencing. Currently, the techniques recommended to detect the KIT D816V mutation and quantify the mutational burden in peripheral blood, bone marrow, or other organs/tissues are allele specific-quantitative PCR or droplet digital PCR. These techniques are useful for diagnosis, prognostication, follow-up and...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - June 11, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Yannick Chantran, Peter Valent, Michel Arock Source Type: research

Management of Advanced Systemic Mastocytosis and Associated Myeloid Neoplasms
Advanced systemic mastocytosis (AdvSM) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by neoplastic mast cell-related organ damage and frequently associated with a myeloid neoplasm. The 3 clinical entities that comprise AdvSM are aggressive SM (ASM), SM-associated hematologic neoplasm, and mast cell leukemia. A gain-of-function  KIT D816 V mutation is the primary oncogenic driver found in about 90% of all patients with AdvSM. Midostaurin, an oral multikinase inhibitor with activity against KIT D816V, and avapritinib, an oral selective KIT D816V inhibitor are approved for AdvSM. (Source: Immunology and Allergy Cl...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - June 4, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Tsewang Tashi, Michael W. Deininger Source Type: research

Management of Mediator Symptoms, Allergy, and Anaphylaxis in Mastocytosis
Mastocytosis is characterized by expansion and activation of clonally aberrant mast cells (MCs) in one or more organ systems. Inappropriate MC activation is a key finding in both allergy and mastocytosis; therefore, symptoms in both conditions show some degree of overlap. When mediator release is excessive and involves multiple systems, anaphylaxis may occur. In mastocytosis, the prevalence of atopy is similar to those of the general population, whereas the incidence of anaphylaxis is significantly higher. The purpose of this review is to discuss features of allergy and anaphylaxis as well as the principles of managing MC ...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - June 4, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Theo Gulen Source Type: research

Effect of Gender and Special Considerations for Women in Mastocytosis and Anaphylaxis
This article reviews the effects of gender on anaphylaxis in general and focuses on mastocytosis-specific issues. Incidence of anaphylaxis is increased in female compared with male patients during the pubertal years through the fifth decade of life, in which these disparities decrease. Estrogen is thought to increase the severity of anaphylaxis through increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase release. Despite this, all-cause fatal anaphylaxis does not appear to show a gender predilection. Systemic mastocytosis incidence is higher in women; however, mortality is increased in men owing to increased molecular and cytogenet...
Source: Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America - May 26, 2023 Category: Allergy & Immunology Authors: Sara S. Ellingwood, Anna Kovalszki Source Type: research