PEGylated zinc oxide nanoparticles induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells through reactive oxygen species
In this study, the authors have successfully prepared the polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) and studied its effect in pancreatic cancer cells. The authors have observed a nanosized particle with spherical shape. In this study, the authors have demonstrated the cytotoxic effect of ZNP and PZNP in PANC1 cells. To be specific, PZNP was more cytotoxic compared to that of ZNP in PANC1 cancer cells. The authors have further showed that apoptosis is the main mode of cytotoxic activity. It is worth noting that PEGylation of ZNP did not decrease the cell killing activity of zinc particles, whereas it ...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - June 21, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticle by cauliflower extract: characterisation and antibacterial activity against storage
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was accomplished using different volumes of cauliflower extract and 0.001 M silver nitrate solution at 80°C for 15 min. A brownish-red solution of AgNPs formed was tested by ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Surface plasmon resonance of AgNPs appeared at 416 nm. Also, the kinetic of AgNPs formation was studied and follows a sigmoidal pattern. Storing time was studied for the freshly prepared AgNPs after 60 days. FTIR analysis shows th...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - June 21, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Effect of negative functionalisation of gold nanorods on conformation and activity of human serum albumin
The theranostic applications of gold nanorods (AuNRs) are limited due to the presence of cytotoxic cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) stabiliser, leading to the instigation of alternate stabilisers like negatively charged polystyrene sulphonate (PSS). Despite previous reports suggesting the impact of PSS-AuNRs on cells, their effect on the most abundant protein in plasma, i.e. human serum albumin (HSA), has not been studied before. Hence, the impact of PSS-AuNRs on HSA was thoroughly examined using varied spectroscopic techniques. The absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopic findings suggested the extent of ground-state complexat...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - June 21, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Nephron ultrastructural alterations induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles: an electron microscopic study
Due to their unique properties, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are invested in many industries, commercial products, and nanomedicine with potential risk for human health and the environment. The present study aims to focus on alterations that might be induced by ZnO NPs in the nephron ultrastructure. Male Wister Albino rats were subjected to ZnO NPs at a daily dose of 2 mg/kg for 21 days. Kidney biopsies were processed to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and ultrastructural pathology examinations. Exposure to ZnO NPs-induced ultrastructural alterations in the proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs) and to less...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - June 21, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Process optimisation for green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and evaluation of its antimacrofouling activity
This study aims to optimise the biosynthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) mediated by coconut water using response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of the individual variables (concentration of coconut water, temperature and time) and their interactions during the biosynthesis of ZnO-NPs were determined by RSM employing Box–Behnken design. The variables selected were tested by a 17-run experiment and quadratic model was used for the analysis of the results. The accuracy of the model was confirmed by the coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.9968. The significance of the regression model was fou...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - June 21, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Polypyrrole-modified magnetic nanoparticles and high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of glibenclamide from biological fluids
In this research, the successful application of polypyrrole (PPy)-modified magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) is described as an efficient adsorbent for the extraction and the preconcentration of glibenclamide (GB). To measure it in biological fluids samples, HPLC-UV detection was used. First, iron oxide NPs were prepared by coprecipitation procedure and then their surface was modified by PPy monomers. Characteristics of Fe3O4@PPy NPs were investigated by FTIR technique and NP size studied with scanning electron microscopy. The vibrating sample magnetometer was used to characterise the magnetic properties of the prepared modifie...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - June 21, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica leaves: characterisation and impact on Staphylococcus aureus growth and glutathione-S-transferase activity
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are toxic to various microbes, but the mechanism of action is not fully understood. The present report explores Azadirachta indica leaf extract as a reducing agent for the rapid biosynthesis of AgNPs. The effects of AgNPs on the growth, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity, and total protein concentration in Staphylococcus aureus were investigated, as was its antibacterial activity against seven other bacterial strains. Nanoparticle synthesis was confirmed by the UV-Vis spectrum and colour change of the solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dy...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - June 21, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Synthesis of biopolymeric particles loaded with phosphorus and potassium: characterisation and release tests
The authors synthesised nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with P and K from KH2PO4 using gelatin type-A and type-B, and sodium alginate as carriers. Using type-A and type-B gelatin, quasi-spherical particles were obtained, with average sizes of 682 and 856 nm, respectively; with sodium alginate, the resulting NPs exhibited spherical shapes and 600 nm particle average size. The authors found an interaction between KH2PO4 and alginate via the hydrogen bonds existent among the carboxylic groups of the carbohydrate and the OH-groups of the H2PO4-; interactions among gelatin types with the OH-groups and the H2PO4-ion wer...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - June 21, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Electronic transport properties of electrically doped cytosine-based optical molecular switch with single-wall carbon nanotube electrodes
This study represents an empirical model of cytosine-based optical molecular switch. This possible biomolecular switch has been designed using the first principle approach which is based on density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function. The quantum-ballistic transport property and current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of cytosine-based optomolecular switch have been investigated at 25 THz operating frequency. The influence of highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO–LUMO) gaps on the electronic transmission and I–V characteristic...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - June 21, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Formulation and characterisation of a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of amphotericin B for the treatment of leishmaniasis
This study was aimed to develop a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for amphotericin B (AmB) potential use in leishmaniasis through topical and oral routes. Two formulations, formulation A and formulation B (FA and FB) of AmB loaded SNEDDS were developed by mixing their excipients through vortex and sonication. The SNEDDS formulation FA and FB displayed a mean droplet size of 27.70 ± 0.5 and 30.17 ± 0.7 nm and zeta potential −11.4 ± 3.25 and −13.6 ± 2.75 mV, respectively. The mucus permeation study showe...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - June 21, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Bio-green synthesis ZnO-NPs in Brassica napus pollen extract: biosynthesis, antioxidant, cytotoxicity and pro-apoptotic properties
The bio-green methods of synthesis nanoparticles (NPs) have advantages over chemo-physical procedures due to cost-effective and ecofriendly products. The goal of current investigation is biosynthesis of zinc oxide NPs (ZnO-NPs) and evaluation of their biological assessment. Water extract of Brassica napus pollen [rapeseed (RP)] prepared and used for the synthesis of ZnO-NPs and synthesised ZnO-NP characterised using ultraviolet–visible, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. Antioxidant properties of ZnO-NPs, cytot...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - June 21, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Evolving nanotechnological trends in the management of mycotic keratitis
The alarming increase in global burden of various corneal diseases in general and mycotic keratitis in particular has raised up a major concern for its treatment. Mycotic keratitis is one of the most serious infections among the various ocular diseases. The proper diagnosis and effective treatment strategies remain a great challenge for ophthalmologists. The inefficacy and failure of conventional treatments have generated need to develop alternative approaches for the treatment of mycotic keratitis. Considering the promising applications of nanotechnology in biomedical area, it is believed that various nanomaterials can be...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - June 21, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
siRNA nanotherapeutics: a promising strategy for anti-HBV therapy
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver cirrhosis worldwide. In spite of the numerous advances in the treatment of CHB, drugs and vaccines have failed because of many factors like complexity, resistance, toxicity, and heavy cost. New RNA interference (RNAi)-based technologies have developed innovative strategies to target Achilles' heel of the several hazardous diseases involving cancer, some genetic disease, autoimmune illnesses, and viral disorders particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. Naked siRNA delivery has serious challenges including failure to cross ...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - June 21, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Evaluation of antibacterial property of hydroxyapatite and zirconium oxide-modificated magnetic nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
In the first section of this research, superparamagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) (Fe3O4) modified with hydroxyapatite (HAP) and zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and thereby Fe3O4/HAP and Fe3O4/ZrO2 NPs were synthesised through co-precipitation method. Then Fe3O4/HAP and Fe3O4/ZrO2 NPs characterised with various techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, Fourier transform infrared, and vibrating sample magnetometer. Observed results confirmed the successful synthesis of desired NPs. In the second section, the...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - June 11, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
Improving adaptive receivers performance in molecular communication via diffusion
Forthcoming applications for molecular communications (MC) such as drug-delivery and health monitoring will require robust receiver capabilities to mitigate channel memory and inter symbol interference caused by previous transmitted symbols. Here, the authors introduce an adaptive weighted algorithm to reduce the influence of these factors. This novel signal detection is deployed on to a concentration-based MC system with absorbing receiver which is based on the so-called first passage time concept. The proposed detector has low complexity and does not require explicit channel knowledge. To evaluate authors’ propose...
Source: IET Nanobiotechnology - June 11, 2019 Category: Nanotechnology Source Type: research
