An Explainable AI Approach for Breast Cancer Metastasis Prediction Based on Clinicopathological Data
Conclusion: Our approach serves as a first step toward introducing more efficient and explainable computer-aided prognosis systems for breast cancer metastasis prediction. Significance: This approach could help clinicians understand the factors behind metastasis and assist them in proposing more patient-specific therapeutic decisions. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - June 5, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Reducing Knee Hyperextension With an Exoskeleton in Children and Adolescents With Genu Recurvatum: A Feasibility Study
In this study, we assessed the feasibility of a knee exoskeleton to mitigate hyperextension and increase swing range of motion in five children/adolescents who presented with unilateral genu recurvatum. Over the course of three visits, each participant practiced walking with the exoskeleton, which provided torque assistance during both stance and swing based on an impedance control law. In final validation trials, the exoskeleton was effective in reducing knee hyperextension (0.2 ± 4.7° average peak knee extension without exo to 9.9 ± 10.3° with exo) and improving swing range of motion by 14.0 ± 4.5° increase on aver...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - June 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

PATHFINDER: Designing Stimulus for Neuromodulation Through Data-Driven Inverse Estimation of Non-Linear Functions
Objective: Using data-driven methods to design stimuli (e.g., electrical currents) which evoke desired neural responses in different neuron-types for applications in treating neural disorders. Methods: The problem of stimulus design is formulated as estimating the inverse of a many-to-one non-linear “forward” mapping, which takes as input the parameters of waveform and outputs the corresponding neural response, directly from the data. A novel optimization framework “PATHFINDER” is proposed in order to estimate the previously mentioned inverse mapping. A comparison with existing data-driven methods, namely condition...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - June 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

A Semi-Autonomous Stereotactic Brain Biopsy Robotic System With Enhanced Surgical Safety and Surgeon-Robot Collaboration
Conclusion: The system can perform automatic navigation with simultaneous optical tracking maintenance and surgeon avoidance, autonomous brain biopsy, and adaptive reconfiguration for workspace interference minimization. Significance: This work improves existing neurosurgical systems, in terms of autonomy level from mechanical guidance to task autonomy, surgical safety, and surgeon-robot collaboration. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 31, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Latent Similarity Identifies Important Functional Connections for Phenotype Prediction
Conclusion: We find that most information for a predictive task comes from only a few (1-5) connections. Additionally, we find that the default mode network is over-represented in the top connections of all predictive tasks. Significance: We propose a novel prediction algorithm for small sample, high feature dimension datasets and use it to identify connections in task fMRI data. Our work can lead to new insights in both algorithm design and neuroscience research. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 23, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

The Effect of Multiple Factors on Working Memory Capacities: Aging, Task Difficulty, and Training
Conclusion: Taken together, our findings clarify the underlying mechanism of WM under different frequency bands in terms of physiological aging, the influence of training, and task difficulty. Significance: the working memory capacities can be uncovered in terms of the combination of three-way ANOVA and EEG-based graph theoretical analysis. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 23, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Estimating Uncertainty in Neural Networks for Cardiac MRI Segmentation: A Benchmark Study
Conclusion: This work provides a comprehensive evaluation of uncertainty estimation methods and showed that Deep Ensembles outperformed other methods in most cases. Significance: Neural network uncertainty measures can help identify potentially inaccurate segmentations and alert users for manual review. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 23, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Contrastive Multi-View Composite Graph Convolutional Networks Based on Contribution Learning for Autism Spectrum Disorder Classification
The resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) faithfully reflects the brain activities and thus provides a promising tool for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) classification. Up to now, graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have been successfully applied in rs-fMRI based ASD classification. However, most of these methods were developed based on functional connectivities (FCs) that only reflect low-level correlation between brain regions, without integrating both high-level discriminative knowledge and phenotypic information into classification. Besides, they suffered from the overfitting problem caused by i...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 23, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

OCTAve: 2D En Face Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Vessel Segmentation in Weakly-Supervised Learning With Locality Augmentation
Conclusion: The segmentation results are both qualitatively and quantitatively superior to baseline weakly-supervised methods when using scribble-based weakly-supervised learning augmented with self-supervised deep supervision, with an average drop in segmentation performance of less than 10%. Significance: This work gives a new perspective on how weakly-supervised learning can be used to reduce the cost of annotating microvasculature, which can make the annotating process easier and reduce the amount of work for domain experts. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 23, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

3D Morphology Measurement for Blastocyst Evaluation From “All Angles”
Measuring the 3D morphology of spherical cell aggregates is required in both biology and medicine. Traditional methods either use fluorescent labeling, which cause cell toxicity and are unsuitable for clinical treatment, or use 2D images to roughly estimate 3D morphology. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents a quantitative label-free 3D morphology measurement technique using multi-view images. This technique, for the first time, enables the morphological evaluation of a blastocyst (Day 5 embryo) from “all angles” for IVF treatment. In this technique, a spherical rotation scale invariant feature ...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 23, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Concurrent and Continuous Prediction of Finger Kinetics and Kinematics via Motoneuron Activities
Conclusion: The developed neural decoding algorithm allowed us to accurately and concurrently predict finger forces and joint angles of multiple fingers in real-time. Significance: Our approach can enable intuitive interactions with assistive robotic hands, and allow the performance of de- terous hand skills involving both force control tasks and dynamic movement control tasks. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 23, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

PIRET—A Platform for Treatment Planning in Electroporation-Based Therapies
Conclusion: A platform which integrates all the required tools for electroporation treatment planning is presented. Treatment plan can be performed rapidly with minimal user interaction in a stand-alone platform. Significance: This platform is, to the best of our knowledge, the most complete software for treatment planning of irreversible electroporation. It can potentially be used for other electroporation applications. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 23, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Optical Coherence Tomography of Tumor Spheroids Identifies Candidates for Drug Repurposing in Ovarian Cancer
Conclusion: Our results indicated that OCT was capable and reliable to monitor the therapeutic effect of inhibitors to ovarian MCTs and it can be used for the rapid characterization of novel therapeutics for ovarian cancers in the future. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 23, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Robust Bayesian Estimation of EEG-Based Brain Causality Networks
Conclusion and significance: Lap-SBL effectively suppresses the influence of outliers and recovers reliable networks in the presence of outliers and short time windows. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 23, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Non-Invasive Ultrasound Modulation of Solitary Tract Nucleus Exerts a Sustainable Antihypertensive Effect in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Conclusion: US stimulation of the NTS could significantly lower BP in SHRs. Significance: Non-invasive transcranial US stimulation acting on the NTS might be a potential therapeutic intervention due to its efficacy and safety. (Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering - May 23, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research