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A 510 $\mu$W 0.738-mm$^{2}$ 6.2-pJ/SOP Online Learning Multi-Topology SNN Processor With Unified Computation Engine in 40-nm CMOS
Implementing neural networks (NN) on edge devices enables AI to be applied in many daily scenarios. The stringent area and power budget on edge devices impose challenges on conventional NNs with massive energy-consuming Multiply Accumulation (MAC) operations and offer an opportunity for Spiking Neural Networks (SNN), which can be implemented within sub-mW power budget. However, mainstream SNN topologies varies from Spiking Feedforward Neural Network (SFNN), Spiking Recurrent Neural Network (SRNN), to Spiking Convolutional Neural Network (SCNN), and it is challenging for the edge SNN processor to adapt to different topologi...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - May 24, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

A Portable and a Scalable Multi-Channel Wireless Recording System for Wearable Electromyometrial Imaging
Electromyometrial imaging (EMMI) technology has emerged as one of the promising technology that can be used for non-invasive pregnancy risk stratification and for preventing complications due to pre-term birth. Current EMMI systems are bulky and require a tethered connection to desktop instrumentation, as a result, the system cannot be used in non-clinical and ambulatory settings. In this article, we propose an approach for designing a scalable, portable wireless EMMI recording system that can be used for in-home and remote monitoring. The wearable system uses a non-equilibrium differential electrode multiplexing approach ...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - May 19, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Wirelessly Powered Drug-Free and Anti-Infective Smart Bandage for Chronic Wound Care
We present a wirelessly powered ultraviolet-C (UVC) radiation-based disinfecting bandage for sterilization and treatment in chronic wound care and management. The bandage contains embedded low-power UV light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the 265 to 285 nm range with the light emission controlled via a microcontroller. An inductive coil is seamlessly concealed in the fabric bandage and coupled with a rectifier circuit to enable 6.78 MHz wireless power transfer (WPT). The maximum WPT efficiency of the coils is 83% in free space and 75% on the body at a coupling distance of 4.5 cm. Measurements show that the UVC LEDs are emitting...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - May 19, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

An Ultra-Low Power Reconfigurable Biomedical AI Processor With Adaptive Learning for Versatile Wearable Intelligent Health Monitoring
Wearable intelligent health monitoring devices with on-device biomedical AI processor can be used to detect the abnormity in users’ biomedical signals (e.g., ECG arrythmia classification, EEG-based seizure detection). This requires ultra-low power and reconfigurable biomedical AI processor to support battery-supplied wearable devices and versatile intelligent health monitoring applications while achieving high classification accuracy. However, existing designs have issues in meeting one or more of the above requirements. In this work, a reconfigurable biomedical AI processor (named BioAIP) is proposed, mainly featuring: ...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - May 16, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

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Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - April 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

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Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - April 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

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Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - April 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

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Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - April 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

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Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - April 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

X-Ray Tomography Reconstruction Accelerated on FPGA Through High-Level Synthesis Tools
This article proposes a hardware accelerator architecture based on Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) through high-level language, as an alternative to GPU architecture. This acceleration is based on an offline memory access analysis to address the main bottleneck of the algorithm and maximize the data reuse rate. The offline analysis allows for the tuning of the architecture parameters so that they converge to an optimal solution. Then, the Berkeley Roofline model guides our optimization steps by iteratively analyzing the design performance. Our design flow significantly improved the algorithm's computational i...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - April 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

Cage-Embedded Crown-Type Dual Coil Wireless Power Transfer Based Microwave Brain Stimulation System for Untethered and Moving Mice
This study proposes a novel brain-stimulated mouse experiment system which is insensitive to the variations in the position and orientation of a mouse. This is achieved by the proposed novel crown-type dual coil system for magnetically coupled resonant wireless power transfer (MCR-WPT). In the detailed system architecture, the transmitter coil consists of a crown-type outer coil and a solenoid-type inner coil. The crown-type coil was constructed by repeating the rising and falling at an angle of 15$^{circ }$ for each side which creates the H-field diverse direction. The solenoid-type inner coil creates a magnetic field dis...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - April 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

A Multi-Site, Multi-Wavelength PPG Platform for Continuous Non-Invasive Health Monitoring in Hospital Settings
This article presents a novel PPG acquisition platform capable of synchronous multi-wavelength signal acquisition from two measurement locations with up to 4 independent wavelengths from each in parallel. The platform is fully configurable and operates at 1ksps, accommodating a wide variety of transmitters and detectors to serve as both a research tool for experimentation and a clinical tool for disease monitoring. The sensing probes presented in this work acquire 4 PPG channels from the wrist and 4 PPG channels from the fingertip, with wavelengths such that surrogates for pulse wave velocity and haematocrit can be extract...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - April 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

An ASIC for Gripper Finger Haptic Force Feedback in Minimally Invasive Surgery
In this article, we present an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for gripper finger haptic force feedback in minimally invasive surgery (MIS). It consists of a driving current source, a sensing channel, a digital to analog converter (DAC), a power management unit (PMU), a clock generator and a digital control unit (DCU). The driving current source features a 6-bit DAC to provide a temperature-insensitive current from 0.27 mA to 1.15 mA for the sensor array. The sensing channel contains a programmable instrumentation amplifier (PIA), a low-pass filter (LPF), an incremental analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - April 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

A Prototype Wearable Device for Noninvasive Monitoring of Transcutaneous Oxygen
Transcutaneous oxygen monitoring is a noninvasive method for measuring the partial pressure of oxygen diffusing through the skin, which strongly correlates with changes in dissolved oxygen in the arteries. Luminescent oxygen sensing is one of the techniques for assessing transcutaneous oxygen. Intensity- and lifetime-based measurements are two well-known methods used in this technique. The latter is more immune to optical path changes and reflections, making the measurements less vulnerable to motion artifacts and skin color changes. Although the lifetime-based method is promising, the acquisition of high-resolution lifeti...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - April 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research

In-Sensor Artificial Intelligence and Fusion With Electronic Medical Records for At-Home Monitoring
This work presents an artificial intelligence (AI) framework for real-time, personalized sepsis prediction four hours before onset through fusion of electrocardiogram (ECG) and patient electronic medical record. An on-chip classifier combines analog reservoir-computer and artificial neural network to perform prediction without front-end data converter or feature extraction which reduces energy by $13times$ compared to digital baseline at normalized power efficiency of 528 TOPS/W, and reduces energy by $159times$ compared to RF transmission of all digitized ECG samples. The proposed AI framework predicts sepsis onset with 8...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - April 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research