IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems 
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(Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - February 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
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(Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - February 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Analysis of Impact of Bioimpedance on Performance of Implant Coil of Artificial Retina for Optimizing Q Factor & Bandwidth
This article bridges the gap between advanced techniques towards improving link efficiency and the tissue losses that deteriorates the Q factor of coil in heterogeneous tissue medium. The purpose of this research is to improve the Q factor and bandwidth of the coil in tissue medium by reducing the net conductance of the coil in tissue medium, which is comparable to the net conductance in air. Bioimpedance of each layer of the eye is modelled to identify the highly capacitive and highly conductive tissue layer in the eye. To investigate the worst-case and best-case scenario, Q factor and bandwidth of the implant coil is ana...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - February 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Comparison and Selection of Spike Encoding Algorithms for SNN on FPGA
The information in Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) is carried by discrete spikes. Therefore, the conversion between the spiking signals and real-value signals has an important impact on the encoding efficiency and performance of SNNs, which is usually completed by spike encoding algorithms. In order to select suitable spike encoding algorithms for different SNNs, this work evaluates four commonly used spike encoding algorithms. The evaluation is based on the FPGA implementation results of the algorithms, including calculation speed, resource consumption, accuracy, and anti-noiseability, so as to better adapt to the neuromor...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - February 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Design of an Efficient CNN-Based Cough Detection System on Lightweight FPGA
Precisely and automatically detecting the cough sound is of vital clinical importance. Nevertheless, due to privacy protection considerations, transmitting the raw audio data to the cloud is not permitted, and therefore there is a great demand for an efficient, accurate, and low-cost solution at the edge device. To address this challenge, we propose a semi-custom software-hardware co-design methodology to help build the cough detection system. Specifically, we first design a scalable and compact convolutional neural network (CNN) structure that generates many network instances. Second, we develop a dedicated hardware accel...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - February 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
A Wireless Headstage System Based on Neural-Recording Chip Featuring 315 nW Kickback-Reduction SAR ADC
Wireless neural-recording instruments eliminate the bulky cables in multi-channel signal transmission, while the system size should be reduced to mitigate the impact on freely-moving animals. As the battery usually dominates the system size, the neural-recording chip should be low power to minimize the battery in long-termly monitoring. In general, a neural-recording chip consists of an analog front end (AFE) and an 8 bit $-$10 bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC), while it's challenging to design an ADC with an 8$-$10 effective number of bits (ENOB) and sub-$mu$ W power consumption due to the kickback noise. In th...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - February 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
An Area- and Energy-Efficient Spiking Neural Network With Spike-Time-Dependent Plasticity Realized With SRAM Processing-in-Memory Macro and On-Chip Unsupervised Learning
In this article, we present a spiking neural network (SNN) based on both SRAM processing-in-memory (PIM) macro and on-chip unsupervised learning with Spike-Time-Dependent Plasticity (STDP). Co-design of algorithm and hardware for hardware-friendly SNN and efficient STDP-based learning methodology is used to improve area and energy efficiency. The proposed macro utilizes charge sharing of capacitors to perform fully parallel Reconfigurable Multi-bit PIM Multiply-Accumulate (RMPMA) operations. A thermometer-coded Programmable High-precision PIM Threshold Generator (PHPTG) is designed to achieve low differential non-linearity...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - February 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Severity-Based Hierarchical ECG Classification Using Neural Networks
Timely detection of cardiac arrhythmia characterized by abnormal heartbeats can help in the early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Wearable healthcare devices typically use neural networks to provide the most convenient way of continuously monitoring heart activity for arrhythmia detection. However, it is challenging to achieve high accuracy and energy efficiency in these smart wearable healthcare devices. In this work, we provide architecture-level solutions to deploy neural networks for cardiac arrhythmia classification. We have created a hierarchical structure after analyzing various neural network to...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - February 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
ANet: Autoencoder-Based Local Field Potential Feature Extractor for Evaluating an Antidepressant Effect in Mice After Administering Kratom Leaf Extracts
Kratom (KT) typically exerts antidepressant (AD) effects. However, evaluating which form of KT extracts possesses AD properties similar to the standard AD fluoxetine (flu) remained challenging. Here, we adopted an autoencoder (AE)-based anomaly detector called ANet to measure the similarity of mice's local field potential (LFP) features that responded to KT leave extracts and AD flu. The features that responded to KT syrup had the highest similarity to those that responded to the AD flu at 87.11 $pm$ 0.25%. This finding presents the higher feasibility of using KT syrup as an alternative substance for depressa...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - February 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Neural Dielet: A 0.4 mm$^{3}$ Battery-Less Crystal-Less Neural-Recording System on Die Achieving 1.6 cm Backscatter Range With 2 mm ×2 mm On-Chip Antenna
Miniaturization is essential in the design of wireless neural-recording systems. In recent years, the battery in neural-recording systems can be eliminated by wireless power transfer (WPT), while antenna and crystal become two main bottlenecks to minimize a battery-less neural implant. In conventional battery-less designs, the miniaturization of antenna led to a short communication range, and a crystal-less clock suffered from noise issue or power-hungry circuits. In this work, we demonstrate a 0.4 mm$^{3}$ neural dielet, which is a battery-less crystal-less neural-recording system on die (SoD) within a 2 mm × 2 mm ...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - February 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Ferrite Concentrating and Shielding Structure Design of Wireless Power Transmitting Coil for Inductively Coupled Capsule Robot
High permeability material, especially the ferrite, has been widely used in wireless power transfer (WPT) to enhance the power transfer efficiency (PTE). However, for the WPT system of inductively coupled capsule robot, the ferrite core is solely introduced in power receiving coil (PRC) configuration to enhance the coupling. As for the power transmitting coil (PTC), very few studies focus on the ferrite structure design, and only the magnetic concentrating is taken into account without careful design. Therefore, a novel ferrite structure for PTC giving consideration to the magnetic field concentration as well as the mitiga...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - February 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
A 2.2 nW Analog Electrocardiogram Processor Based on Stochastic Resonance Achieving a 99.94% QRS Complex Detection Sensitivity
This paper presents an ultra-low power electrocardiogram (ECG) processor that can detect QRS-waves in real time as the data streams in. The processor performs out-of-band noise suppression via a linear filter, and in-band noise suppression via a nonlinear filter. The nonlinear filter also enhances the QRS-waves by facilitating stochastic resonance. The processor identifies the QRS-waves on noise-suppressed and enhanced recordings using a constant threshold detector. For energy-efficiency and compactness, the processor exploits current-mode analog signal processing techniques, which significantly reduces the design complexi...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - February 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Tutorial on Lateral Dielectrophoretic Manipulations in Microfluidic Systems
Microfluidic lab-on-a-chip systems can offer cost- and time-efficient biological assays by providing high-throughput analysis at very small volume scale. Among these extremely broad ranges of assays, accurate and specific cell and reagent control is considered one of the most important functions. Dielectrophoretic (DEP)-based manipulation technologies have been extensively developed for these purposes due to their label-free and high selectivity natures as well as due to their simple microstructures. Here, we provide a tutorial on how to develop DEP-based microfluidic systems, including a detailed walkthrough of dielectrop...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - February 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
Trends in Volumetric-Energy Efficiency of Implantable Neurostimulators: A Review From a Circuits and Systems Perspective
This paper presents a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art, commercially available neurostimulators. We analyse key design parameters and performance metrics of 45 implantable medical devices across six neural target categories: deep brain, vagus nerve, spinal cord, phrenic nerve, sacral nerve and hypoglossal nerve. We then benchmark these alongside modern cardiac pacemaker devices that represent a more established market. This work studies trends in device size, electrode number, battery technology (i.e., primary and secondary use and chemistry), power consumption and longevity. This information is analysed to show th...
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - February 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems Publication Information
(Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems)
Source: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems - February 1, 2023 Category: Biomedical Engineering Source Type: research
