Performance of a Blood Pressure Smartphone App in Pregnant WomenNovelty and Significance [Pregnancy and Hypertension]
Hypertensive disorders are one of the leading causes of maternal death worldwide. Several smartphone apps claim to measure blood pressure (BP) using photoplethysmographic signals recorded by smartphone cameras. However, no single app has been validated for this use to date. We aimed to validate a new, promising smartphone algorithm. In this subgroup analysis of the iPARR trial (iPhone App Compared With Standard RR Measurement), we tested the Preventicus BP smartphone algorithm on 32 pregnant women. The trial was conducted based on the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol revision 2010 for validation of B...
Source: Hypertension - May 9, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Christina J. Raichle, Jens Eckstein, Olav Lapaire, Licia Leonardi, Noe Brasier, Annina S. Vischer, Thilo Burkard Tags: High Blood Pressure, Hypertension, Preeclampsia Original Articles Source Type: research
Involvement of Neuroinflammation in the Pathogenesis of Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary HypertensionNovelty and Significance [Pulmonary Hypertension]
This study was undertaken to examine the concept that altered autonomic–pulmonary communication is important in PH pathophysiology. Therefore, we hypothesize that activation of microglial cells in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus and neuroinflammation is associated with increased sympathetic drive and pulmonary pathophysiology contributing to PH. We utilized the monocrotaline rat model for PH and intracerebroventricular administration of minocycline for inhibition of microglial cells activation to investigate this hypothesis. Hemodynamic, echocardiographic, histological, immunohistochemical, and confocal micro...
Source: Hypertension - May 9, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Ravindra K. Sharma, Aline C. Oliveira, Seungbum Kim, Katya Rigatto, Jasenka Zubcevic, Anandharajan Rathinasabapathy, Ashok Kumar, Joseph J. Lebowitz, Habibeh Khoshbouei, Gilberto Lobaton, Victor Aquino, Elaine M. Richards, Michael J. Katovich, Vinayak She Tags: Autonomic Nervous System, Hemodynamics, High Blood Pressure, Pulmonary Hypertension, Blood-Brain Barrier Original Articles Source Type: research
Therapeutic Potential of a Novel Necrosis Inhibitor, 7-Amino-Indole, in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion InȷuryNovelty and Significance [Heart]
Opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and Ca2+ overload are main contributors to myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury, which paradoxically causes a wide variety of myocardial damage. We investigated the protective role of a novel necrosis inhibitor (NecroX-7; NecX) against myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury using in vitro and in vivo models. H9C2 rat cardiomyoblasts and neonatal cardiomyocytes were exposed to hypoxia–reoxygenation stress after pre-treatment with NecX, vitamin C, a combination of vitamin C and E, N-acetylcysteine, an apoptosis inhibitor (Z-VAD-fmk), or cyclosporine A. The main me...
Source: Hypertension - May 9, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: In-Chang Hwang, Ju-Young Kim, Ji-Hyun Kim, Joo-Eun Lee, Ji-Yun Seo, Jae-Won Lee, Jonghanne Park, Han-Mo Yang, Soon-Ha Kim, Hyun-Jai Cho, Hyo-Soo Kim Tags: Basic Science Research, Oxidant Stress, Translational Studies Original Articles Source Type: research
Thymosin {beta}4 Deficiency Exacerbates Renal and Cardiac Inȷury in Angiotensin-II-Induced HypertensionNovelty and Significance [End-Organ Damage]
Thymosin β4 (Tβ4), a ubiquitous peptide, regulates several cellular processes that include cell morphology, wound healing, and inflammatory response. Administration of exogenous Tβ4 is protective in diabetic nephropathy and in a unilateral ureteral obstruction model. However, the role of endogenous Tβ4 in health and disease conditions remains unclear. To elucidate the pathophysiological role of endogenous Tβ4 in hypertension, we examined angiotensin-II (Ang-II)–induced renal and cardiac damage in Tβ4 knockout (Tβ4 KO) mice. Tβ4 KO and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were infused continuously for 6 weeks with either vehicl...
Source: Hypertension - May 9, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Nitin Kumar, Tang-Dong Liao, Cesar A. Romero, Mani Maheshwari, Edward L. Peterson, Oscar A. Carretero Tags: Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
Pulse Wave Velocity and Prognosis in End-Stage Kidney DiseaseNovelty and Significance [Kidney]
High pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a hallmark of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) where it is considered useful for risk stratification. We investigated whether PWV adds meaningful prognostic information to 2 simple, well-validated, clinical risk scores specific to ESKD (the Annualized Rate of Occurrence scores) for predicting all-cause and cardiovascular mortality by applying state-of-the-art prognostic tests including discrimination (Harrell C-index), risk reclassification (integrated discrimination improvement), and calibration. We performed these analyses in the 2 largest ESKD cohorts with available PWV data, the Manhes-...
Source: Hypertension - May 9, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Giovanni Tripepi, Mohsen Agharazii, Bruno Pannier, Graziella D’Arrigo, Francesca Mallamaci, Carmine Zoccali, Gerard London Tags: Epidemiology Original Articles Source Type: research
Renal-Specific Silencing of TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor) Unmasks Salt-Dependent Increases in Blood Pressure via an NKCC2A (Na+-K+-2Cl- Cotransporter Isoform A)-Dependent MechanismNovelty and Significance [Kidney]
We tested the hypothesis that TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-α produced within the kidney and acting on the renal tubular system is part of a regulatory mechanism that attenuates increases in blood pressure in response to high salt intake. Intrarenal administration of a lentivirus construct, which specifically silenced TNF in the kidney, did not affect baseline blood pressure. However, blood pressure increased significantly 1 day after mice with intrarenal silencing of TNF ingested 1% NaCl in the drinking water. The increase in blood pressure, which was continuously observed for 11 days, promptly returned to baseline levels ...
Source: Hypertension - May 9, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Shoujin Hao, Mary Hao, Nicholas R. Ferreri Tags: High Blood Pressure, Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
Direct Recording of Cardiac and Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity Shows Differential Control in Renovascular HypertensionNovelty and Significance [Kidney]
There is increasing evidence that hypertension is initiated and maintained by elevated sympathetic tone. Increased sympathetic drive to the heart is linked to cardiac hypertrophy in hypertension and worsens prognosis. However, cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) has not previously been directly recorded in hypertension. We hypothesized that directly recorded cardiac SNA levels would be elevated during hypertension and that baroreflex control of cardiac SNA would be impaired during hypertension. Adult ewes either underwent unilateral renal artery clipping (n=12) or sham surgery (n=15). Two weeks later, electrodes were ...
Source: Hypertension - May 9, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Tycho R. Tromp, Darvina Mahesh, Jaap A. Joles, Rohit Ramchandra Tags: Autonomic Nervous System, Physiology, High Blood Pressure, Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
Association of Pulse Wave Velocity With Chronic Kidney Disease Progression and MortalityNovelty and Significance [Kidney]
Patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) are at risk for further loss of kidney function and death, which occur despite reasonable blood pressure treatment. To determine whether arterial stiffness influences CKD progression and death, independent of blood pressure, we conducted a prospective cohort study of CKD patients enrolled in the CRIC study (Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort). Using carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), we examined the relationship between PWV and end-stage kidney disease (ESRD), ESRD or halving of estimated glomerular filtration rate, or death from any cause. The 2795 participants we enr...
Source: Hypertension - May 9, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Raymond R. Townsend, Amanda Hyre Anderson, Julio A. Chirinos, Harold I. Feldman, Juan E. Grunwald, Lisa Nessel, Jason Roy, Matthew R. Weir, Jackson T. Wright, Jr, Nisha Bansal, Chi-yuan Hsu, for the CRIC Study Investigators* Tags: Cardiovascular Disease, Epidemiology, Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
Angiotensin II Promotes KV7.4 Channels Degradation Through Reduced Interaction With HSP90 (Heat Shock Protein 90)Novelty and Significance [Renin-Angiotensin System]
In this study, we evaluated the effects of Ang II on the expression and function of vascular Kv7.4. Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that in whole rat mesenteric artery, Ang II incubation for 1 to 7 hours decreased Kv7.4 protein expression without reducing transcript levels. Moreover, Ang II decreased XE991 (Kv7)–sensitive currents and attenuated membrane potential hyperpolarization and relaxation induced by the Kv7 activator ML213. Ang II also reduced Kv7.4 staining at the plasma membrane of vascular smooth muscle cells. Proteasome inhibition with MG132 prevented Ang II–induced decrease...
Source: Hypertension - May 9, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Vincenzo Barrese, Jennifer B. Stott, Hericka B. Figueiredo, Aisah A. Aubdool, Adrian J. Hobbs, Thomas A. Jepps, Alister J. McNeish, Iain A. Greenwood Tags: ACE/Angiotensin Receptors/Renin Angiotensin System, Basic Science Research, Ion Channels/Membrane Transport, Pathophysiology, Vascular Biology Original Articles Source Type: research
Biological Sex Modulates the Adrenal and Blood Pressure Responses to Angiotensin IINovelty and Significance [Renin-Angiotensin System]
The relationship between biological sex and aldosterone on blood pressure (BP) is unclear. We hypothesized that sex would modify the interaction between aldosterone and vascular responses to salt intake and angiotensin II (AngII). To test this hypothesis, in 1592 subjects from the well-controlled Hypertensive Pathotype cohort, we compared responses of women and men to chronic (BP and aldosterone levels in response to dietary salt) and acute (BP, renal plasma flow, and aldosterone responses to AngII infusion) manipulations. Women had a 30% higher salt sensitivity of BP than men (P (Source: Hypertension)
Source: Hypertension - May 9, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Mohammad Zaki Shukri, Jia Wei Tan, Worapaka Manosroi, Luminita H. Pojoga, Alicia Rivera, Jonathan S. Williams, Ellen W. Seely, Gail K. Adler, Iris Z. Jaffe, Richard H. Karas, Gordon H. Williams, Jose R. Romero Tags: High Blood Pressure, Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
Angiotensin II Short–Loop FeedbackNovelty and Significance [Renin-Angiotensin System]
The activity of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system is triggered by the release of the protease renin from the kidneys, which in turn is controlled in the sense of negative feedback loops. It is widely assumed that Ang II (angiotensin II) directly inhibits renin expression and secretion via a short-loop feedback by an effect on renin-producing cells (RPCs) mediated by AT1 (Ang II type 1) receptors. Because the concept of such a direct short-loop negative feedback control, which originates mostly from in vitro experiments, has not yet been systematically proven in vivo, we aimed to test the validity of this concept...
Source: Hypertension - May 9, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Bjoern Neubauer, Julia Schrankl, Dominik Steppan, Katharina Neubauer, Maria Luisa Sequeira-Lopez, Li Pan, R. Ariel Gomez, Thomas M. Coffman, Kenneth W. Gross, Armin Kurtz, Charlotte Wagner Tags: ACE/Angiotensin Receptors/Renin Angiotensin System Original Articles Source Type: research
Impact of Intensive Versus Standard Blood Pressure Management by Tertiles of Blood Pressure in SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial)Novelty and Significance [Clinical Trials]
Intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) control improved outcomes in SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial). Our objective was to expand on reported findings by analysis of baseline characteristics, primary outcomes, adverse events, follow-up blood pressure, and medication use differences by baseline SBP (tertile 1 [T1], 145 mm Hg). Participants with higher baseline SBP tertile were more often women and older, had higher cardiovascular risk, and lower utilization of antihypertensive medications, statins, and aspirin. Achieved SBP in both treatment arms was slightly higher in T2 and T3 compared with T1 and fewe...
Source: Hypertension - May 9, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Brian P. Shapiro, Walter T. Ambrosius, Joseph L. Blackshear, William C. Cushman, Paul K. Whelton, Suzanne Oparil, Srinivasan Beddhu, Jamie P. Dwyer, Lisa H. Gren, William J. Kostis, Michael Lioudis, Roberto Pisoni, Clive Rosendorff, William E. Haley Tags: High Blood Pressure, Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
Chronic Supplementation With a Mitochondrial Antioxidant (MitoQ) Improves Vascular Function in Healthy Older AdultsNovelty and Significance [Clinical Trials]
Excess reactive oxygen species production by mitochondria is a key mechanism of age-related vascular dysfunction. Our laboratory has shown that supplementation with the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant MitoQ improves vascular endothelial function by reducing mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and ameliorates arterial stiffening in old mice, but the effects in humans are unknown. Here, we sought to translate our preclinical findings to humans and determine the safety and efficacy of MitoQ. Twenty healthy older adults (60–79 years) with impaired endothelial function (brachial artery flow–mediated dilation (Source: Hypertension)
Source: Hypertension - May 9, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Matthew J. Rossman, Jessica R. Santos-Parker, Chelsea A.C. Steward, Nina Z. Bispham, Lauren M. Cuevas, Hannah L. Rosenberg, Kayla A. Woodward, Michel Chonchol, Rachel A. Gioscia-Ryan, Michael P. Murphy, Douglas R. Seals Tags: Clinical Studies, Oxidant Stress, Physiology, Translational Studies Original Articles Source Type: research
Blood Pressure-Related Risk Among Users Versus Nonusers of AntihypertensivesNovelty and Significance [Epidemiology/Population]
In conclusion, this population-based study demonstrated that the associations between BP and adverse outcomes were J-shaped among active antihypertensive users, but linear or flat and then increasing among nonusers or irregular users. (Source: Hypertension)
Source: Hypertension - May 9, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Hae Hyuk Jung, Ji In Park, Jin Seon Jeong Tags: Nephrology and Kidney, Cardiovascular Disease, Epidemiology, Hypertension, Mortality/Survival Original Articles Source Type: research
Impacts of Prediabetes Mellitus Alone or Plus Hypertension on the Coronary Severity and Cardiovascular OutcomesNovelty and Significance [Epidemiology/Population]
This study aimed to further confirm whether the relation of Pre-DM to cardiovascular disease differs between individuals with or without hypertension. A total of 7121 consecutive patients with angina-like chest pain who received coronary angiography were evaluated and 4193 patients with angiography-proven stable, new-onset coronary artery disease were enrolled into the study. They were divided into 3 groups according to diabetes mellitus status and further stratified by hypertension. The severity of coronary artery disease was assessed by number of diseased vessels and Gensini score. All subjects were regularly followed up...
Source: Hypertension - May 9, 2018 Category: Cardiology Authors: Hui-Hui Liu, Ye-Xuan Cao, Sha Li, Yuan-Lin Guo, Cheng-Gang Zhu, Na-Qiong Wu, Ying Gao, Qiu-Ting Dong, Xi Zhao, Yan Zhang, Di Sun, Jian-Jun Li Tags: Clinical Studies, Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, Type 2, Risk Factors, Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
