Effect of CPAP, Weight Loss, or CPAP Plus Weight Loss on Central Hemodynamics and Arterial StiffnessNovelty and Significance [Obstructive Sleep Apnea]
Obesity and obstructive sleep apnea tend to coexist. Little is known about the effects of obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, or their treatment on central aortic pressures and large artery stiffness. We randomized 139 adults with obesity (body mass index>30 kg/m2) and moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea to (1) continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy (n=45), (2) weight loss (WL) therapy (n=48), or (3) combined CPAP and WL (n=46) for 24 weeks. We assessed the effect of these interventions on central pressures and carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (a measure of large artery stiffness), measured with arter...
Source: Hypertension - November 8, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Snigdha Jain, Indira Gurubhagavatula, Raymond Townsend, Samuel T. Kuna, Karen Teff, Thomas A. Wadden, Jesse Chittams, Alexandra L. Hanlon, Greg Maislin, Hassam Saif, Preston Broderick, Zeshan Ahmad, Allan I. Pack, Julio A. Chirinos Tags: Hemodynamics, Hypertension, Treatment Original Articles Source Type: research
Do We Need a Patient-Centered Target for Systolic Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus?Novelty and Significance [Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension]
The current trend on diabetes mellitus management advocates replacing the paradigm from a uniform to an individualized patient-centered systolic blood pressure (SBP), but there is no consensus on the achieved treatment goals of SBP level. The study aimed at evaluating the association between SBP and the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and all-cause mortality for diabetic patients to identify patient-centered treatment targets. A retrospective study was conducted on 95 086 Chinese adult primary care patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Using the average of the annual SBP records (updated SBP) ove...
Source: Hypertension - November 8, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Eric Yuk Fai Wan, Esther Yee Tak Yu, Colman Siu Cheung Fung, Weng Yee Chin, Daniel Yee Tak Fong, Anca Ka Chun Chan, Cindy Lo Kuen Lam Tags: Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, Type 2, Epidemiology, Primary Prevention, Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Mechanoactivation Involves RGS5 (Regulator of G Protein Signaling 5) in Skeletal Muscle ArteriesNovelty and Significance [G Protein Signaling and Vasoconstriction]
Studies suggest that arteriolar pressure–induced vasoconstriction can be initiated by GPCRs (G protein–coupled receptors), including the AT1R (angiotensin II type 1 receptor). This raises the question, are such mechanisms regulated by negative feedback? The present studies examined whether RGS (regulators of G protein signaling) proteins in vascular smooth muscle cells are colocalized with the AT1R when activated by mechanical stress or angiotensin II and whether this modulates AT1R-mediated vasoconstriction. To determine whether activation of the AT1R recruits RGS5, an in situ proximity ligation assay was performed in...
Source: Hypertension - November 8, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Kwangseok Hong, Min Li, Zahra Nourian, Gerald A. Meininger, Michael A. Hill Tags: Basic Science Research, Cell Signaling/Signal Transduction, Vascular Biology, Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
Dysregulation of Aldosterone Secretion in Mast Cell–Deficient MiceNovelty and Significance [Renin-Angiotensin System]
Resident adrenal mast cells have been shown to activate aldosterone secretion in rat and man. Especially, mast cell proliferation has been observed in adrenal tissues from patients with aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenoma. In the present study, we show that the activity of adrenal mast cells is stimulated by low-sodium diet and correlates with aldosterone synthesis in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. We have also investigated the regulation of aldosterone secretion in mast cell–deficient C57BL/6 KitW-sh/W-sh mice in comparison with wild-type C57BL/6 mice. KitW-sh/W-sh mice submitted to normal sodium diet had basal plasm...
Source: Hypertension - November 8, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Hadrien–Gael Boyer, Julien Wils, Sylvie Renouf, Arnaud Arabo, Celine Duparc, Isabelle Boutelet, Herve Lefebvre, Estelle Louiset Tags: Animal Models of Human Disease Original Articles Source Type: research
Continued Investigation Into 17-OHPCNovelty and Significance [Preeclampsia]
Preeclampsia is characterized by elevated TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α), antiangiogenic factors, such as sFlt-1 (soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1), increased uterine artery resistance index, and decreased of NO during pregnancy. Previously we showed that 17-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) administered into reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rats on day 18 of gestation improved hypertension without improving pup weight. We hypothesized that earlier administration of 17-OHPC on day 15 of gestation could improve pathophysiology of preeclampsia and fetal outcomes in response to placental ...
Source: Hypertension - November 8, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Lorena M. Amaral, Jessica L. Faulkner, Jamil Elfarra, Denise C. Cornelius, Mark W. Cunningham, Tarek Ibrahim, Venkata Ramana Vaka, Jessica McKenzie, Babbette LaMarca Tags: Animal Models of Human Disease Original Articles Source Type: research
Estimating the Cost of Preeclampsia in the Healthcare SystemNovelty and Significance [Preeclampsia]
To estimate the cost of preeclampsia from the national health payer’s perspective using secondary data from the SCOPE study (Screening for Pregnancy End Points). SCOPE is an international observational prospective study of healthy nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies. Using data from the Irish cohort recruited between November 2008 and February 2011, all women with preeclampsia and a 10% random sample of women without preeclampsia were selected. Additional health service use data were extracted from the consenting participants’ medical records for maternity services which were not included in SCOPE. Unit costs ...
Source: Hypertension - November 8, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Aimee Fox, Sheena McHugh, John Browne, Louise C. Kenny, Anthony Fitzgerald, Ali S. Khashan, Eugene Dempsey, Ciara Fahy, Ciaran O’Neill, Patricia M. Kearney Tags: Hypertension, Preeclampsia Original Articles Source Type: research
Macrolides Blunt Aldosterone BiosynthesisNovelty and Significance [Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma]
Aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), a major subtype of primary hyperaldosteronism, the main curable cause of human endocrine hypertension, involves somatic mutations in the potassium channel Kir3.4 (KCNJ5) in 30% to 70% of cases, typically the more florid phenotypes. Because KCNJ5 mutated channels were reported to be specifically sensitive to inhibition by macrolide antibiotics, which concentration dependently blunts aldosterone production in HAC15 transfected with the G151R and L168R mutated channel, we herein tested the effect of clarithromycin on aldosterone synthesis and secretion in a pure population of aldosterone-s...
Source: Hypertension - November 8, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Brasilina Caroccia, Selene Prisco, Teresa Maria Seccia, Maria Piazza, Giuseppe Maiolino, Gian Paolo Rossi Tags: Gene Expression & Regulation, Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
Placental Growth Factor as a Prognostic Tool in Women With Hypertensive Disorders of PregnancyNovelty and Significance [Pregnancy and Hypertension]
The PlGF (placental growth factor) has been largely demonstrated to be associated with the diagnosis of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs); however, it is unclear how useful it is for the prognosis of the condition. Our objective was to provide a summary of important findings of its prognostic ability by systematically reviewing studies that examined the ability of the PlGF, either independently or combined with other factors, to predict maternal and fetal complications resulting from the HDPs. We included studies published before January 30, 2017, reporting on the use of the PlGF as a prognostic test for women...
Source: Hypertension - November 8, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: U. Vivian Ukah, Jennifer A. Hutcheon, Beth Payne, Matthew D. Haslam, Manu Vatish, J. Mark Ansermino, Helen Brown, Laura A. Magee, Peter von Dadelszen Tags: Hypertension, Preeclampsia Original Articles Source Type: research
Role of Kidneys in Sex Differences in Angiotensin II-Induced HypertensionNovelty and Significance [Kidney]
The significance of kidneys in regulation of sodium and water balance and hemodynamics has been demonstrated both in patients and animal models. In the present study, we tested our hypothesis that kidneys play an essential role in control of sex differences in angiotensin II (Ang II)–dependent hypertension. Kidney transplantations (KTXs) were performed between male (M) and female (F) C57BL/6 mice (donor→recipient: F→F, M→M, F→M, and M→F). Radiotelemetry transmitters were implanted for measurement of mean arterial pressure during the infusion of Ang II (600 ng·kg−1·min−1). Gene expressions and inflammatory...
Source: Hypertension - November 8, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Lei Wang, Ximing Wang, Helena Y. Qu, Shan Jiang, Jie Zhang, Liying Fu, Jacentha Buggs, Bo Pang, Jin Wei, Ruisheng Liu Tags: Hypertension, Transplantation Original Articles Source Type: research
Longitudinal Blood Pressure in Late-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease and the Risk of End-Stage Kidney Disease or Mortality (Best Blood Pressure in Chronic Kidney Disease Study)Novelty and Significance [Kidney]
Whether different methods of quantitating blood pressure (BP) in late chronic kidney disease better mimic pathophysiological processes and clinical outcomes remains unclear. In a retrospective study, we determined the association of BP with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and all-cause mortality with BP modeled at baseline versus longitudinally with time-varying Cox models as (1) current (most recent) clinic visit, (2) lag (visit immediately preceding the current), (3) cumulative (average of previous measurements), and (4) change from baseline to the most recent. Among 1203 (6913 visits) study patients, the mean age and ba...
Source: Hypertension - November 8, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Manish M. Sood, Ayub Akbari, Douglas G. Manuel, Marcel Ruzicka, Swapnil Hiremath, Deborah Zimmerman, Brendan McCormick, Monica Taljaard Tags: Epidemiology, High Blood Pressure, Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
Inhibition of Aneurysm Progression by Direct Renin Inhibition in a Rabbit ModelNovelty and Significance [Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm]
Angiotensin II is thought to participate in aneurysm formation, because of its ability to induce and perpetuate inflammation in the aortic wall. Because activation of renin is the first step of the renin–angiotensin system, renin inhibition could inhibit all components of this system effectively. Therefore, we examined the hypothesis that direct inhibition of renin activity could decrease the expansion of aortic aneurysm using a rabbit model. Aortic dilatation was induced by incubation with elastase around the rabbit abdominal aorta. Continuous administration of a direct renin inhibitor, aliskiren, was started at 1 week ...
Source: Hypertension - November 8, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Takashi Miyake, Tetsuo Miyake, Hideo Shimizu, Ryuichi Morishita Tags: ACE/Angiotensin Receptors/Renin Angiotensin System, Basic Science Research, Aneurysm Original Articles Source Type: research
Cardiovascular Structure and Function in Children With Middle Aortic Syndrome and Renal Artery StenosisNovelty and Significance [Middle Aortic Syndrome]
Middle aortic syndrome (MAS) is a narrowing of the abdominal aorta, often in conjunction with renal artery stenosis (RAS). Structure and function of the cardiovascular system are not well understood. In a prospective cross-sectional study, 35 children with MAS or RAS or both (MAS/RAS) were compared with 140 age-, sex-, and body surface area–matched healthy children. Vascular assessment included carotid intima–media thickness and carotid distensibility using B-mode ultrasound and central and peripheral pulse wave velocities using applanation tonometry. Left ventricular structure and function were assessed by 2-dimension...
Source: Hypertension - November 8, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Rawan K. Rumman, Cameron Slorach, Wei Hui, Mina Matsuda-Abedini, Valerie Langlois, Seetha Radhakrishnan, Armando J. Lorenzo, Joao Amaral, Luc Mertens, Rulan S. Parekh Tags: Hypertrophy, Hypertension, Echocardiography, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Stenosis Original Articles Source Type: research
Aberrant Splicing Induced by Dysregulated Rbfox2 Produces Enhanced Function of CaV1.2 Calcium Channel and Vascular Myogenic Tone in HypertensionNovelty and Significance [Vascular Myogenic Tone]
Calcium influx from activated voltage-gated calcium channel CaV1.2 in vascular smooth muscle cells is indispensable for maintaining myogenic tone and blood pressure. The function of CaV1.2 channel can be optimized by alternative splicing, one of post-transcriptional modification mechanisms. The splicing factor Rbfox2 is known to regulate the CaV1.2 pre-mRNA alternative splicing events during neuronal development. However, Rbfox2’s roles in modulating the key function of vascular CaV1.2 channel and in the pathogenesis of hypertension remain elusive. Here, we report that the proportion of CaV1.2 channels with alternative e...
Source: Hypertension - November 8, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Yingying Zhou, Jia Fan, Huayuan Zhu, Li Ji, Wenyong Fan, Isha Kapoor, Yue Wang, Yuan Wang, Guoqing Zhu, Juejin Wang Tags: Ion Channels/Membrane Transport, Vascular Biology, Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
Identifying Hemodynamic Determinants of Pulse PressureNovelty and Significance [Central Pulse Pressure]
We examined the ability of a simple reduced model comprising a proximal characteristic impedance linked to a Windkessel element to accurately predict central pulse pressure (PP) from aortic blood flow, verified that parameters of the model corresponded to physical properties, and applied the model to examine PP dependence on cardiac and vascular properties. PP obtained from the reduced model was compared with theoretical values obtained in silico and measured values in vivo. Theoretical values were obtained using a distributed multisegment model in a population of virtual (computed) subjects in which cardiovascular propert...
Source: Hypertension - November 8, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Samuel Vennin, Ye Li, Marie Willemet, Henry Fok, Haotian Gu, Peter Charlton, Jordi Alastruey, Phil Chowienczyk Tags: Hemodynamics, High Blood Pressure, Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
Apelin Is a Negative Regulator of Angiotensin II-Mediated Adverse Myocardial Remodeling and DysfunctionNovelty and Significance [Heart]
In conclusion, pyr1-apelin-13 peptide pathway is a negative regulator of aging-mediated and Ang II–mediated adverse myocardial remodeling and dysfunction and represents a potential candidate to prevent and treat heart disease. (Source: Hypertension)
Source: Hypertension - November 8, 2017 Category: Cardiology Authors: Zhen-Zhou Zhang, Wang Wang, Hai-Yan Jin, Xueyi Chen, Yu-Wen Cheng, Ying-Le Xu, Bei Song, Josef M. Penninger, Gavin Y. Oudit, Jiu-Chang Zhong Tags: ACE/Angiotensin Receptors/Renin Angiotensin System, Fibrosis, Hypertrophy, Remodeling, Hypertension Original Articles Source Type: research
