Prevalence of PCOS and related hyperandrogenic traits in premenopausal women with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
AbstractBACKGROUNDAn increased prevalence of functional hyperandrogenism —including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)—has been described in women with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, heterogeneity between studies is frequent, and prevalence rates vary according to different criteria used for the diagnosis of PCOS and the population studied.OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALEWe aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of PCOS and related hyperandrogenic traits in premenopausal women with T1D. This way, we intend to increase the precision of the estimates of prevalence of PCOS and related traits in wom...
Source: Human Reproduction Update - March 3, 2022 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research
Epigenomic and enhancer dysregulation in uterine leiomyomas
AbstractBACKGROUNDUterine leiomyomas, also known as uterine fibroids or myomas, are the most common benign gynecological tumors and are found in women of reproductive and postmenopausal age. There is an exceptionally high prevalence of this tumor in women by the age of 50 years. Black women are particularly affected, with an increased incidence, earlier age of onset, larger and faster growing fibroids and greater severity of symptoms as compared to White women. Although advances in identifying genetic and environmental factors to delineate these fibroids have alre ady been made, only recently has the role of epigenomics...
Source: Human Reproduction Update - February 24, 2022 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research
Evaluating interventions and adjuncts to optimize pregnancy outcomes in subfertile women: an overview review
AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is a wealth of information regarding interventions for treating subfertility. The majority of studies exploring interventions for improving conception rates also report on pregnancy outcomes. However, there is no efficient way for clinicians, researchers, funding organizations, decision-making bodies or women themselves to easily access and review the evidence for the effect of adjuvant therapies on key pregnancy outcomes in subfertile women.OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALEThe aim was to summarize all published systematic reviews (SRs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions in the subfertile...
Source: Human Reproduction Update - February 8, 2022 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research
Obstetric and neonatal outcomes of pregnancies resulting from preimplantation genetic testing: a systematic review and meta-analysis
This study aimed to investigate whether pregnancies conceived after PGT were associated with a higher risk of adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes compared with spontaneously conceived (SC) pregnancies or pregnancies conceived after IVF/ICSI.SEARCH METHODSPubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library entries from January 1990 to January 2021 were searched. The primary outcomes in this study were low birth weight (LBW) and congenital malformations (CMs), and the secondary outcomes included gestational age, preterm delivery (PTD), very preterm delivery (VPTD), birth weight (BW), very low birth weight (V...
Source: Human Reproduction Update - September 2, 2021 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research
Hormone therapy in the postmenopausal years: considering benefits and risks in clinical practice
AbstractBACKGROUNDMenopausal symptoms can be very distressing and considerably affect a woman ’s personal and social life. It is becoming more and more evident that leaving bothersome symptoms untreated in midlife may lead to altered quality of life, reduced work productivity and, possibly, overall impaired health. Hormone therapy (HT) for the relief of menopausal symptoms has been the obj ect of much controversy over the past two decades. At the beginning of the century, a shadow was cast on the use of HT owing to the concern for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risks, and breast cancer, arising following publication ...
Source: Human Reproduction Update - August 25, 2021 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research
Stanniocalcin-1 in the female reproductive system and pregnancy
AbstractBACKGROUNDStanniocalcin-1 (STC-1) is a widely expressed glycoprotein hormone involved in a diverse spectrum of physiological and pathophysiological processes including angiogenesis, mineral homeostasis, cell proliferation, inflammation and apoptosis. Over the last 20 years, numerous studies have reported STC-1 expression within female reproductive tissues including the uterus, ovaries and placenta and implicated STC-1 in processes such as ovarian follicular development, blastocyst implantation, vascular remodelling in early pregnancy and placental development . Notably, dysregulation of STC-1 within reproductive...
Source: Human Reproduction Update - August 25, 2021 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research
The effects of bariatric surgery on periconception maternal health: a systematic review and meta-analysis
AbstractBACKGROUNDWorldwide, the prevalence of obesity in women of reproductive age is increasing. Bariatric surgery is currently viewed as the most effective, long-term solution for this problem. Preconception bariatric surgery can reduce the prevalence of obesity-related subfertility and adverse maternal, pregnancy and birth outcomes. Maternal health during the periconception period is crucial for optimal gametogenesis and for embryonic and fetal development which also affects health in the later lives of both mother and offspring. Although preconception bariatric surgery improves several pregnancy outcomes, it can als...
Source: Human Reproduction Update - August 13, 2021 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research
From late fatherhood to prenatal screening of monogenic disorders: evidence and ethical concerns
AbstractBACKGROUNDWith the help of ART, an advanced parental age is not considered to be a serious obstacle for reproduction anymore. However, significant health risks for future offspring hide behind the success of reproductive medicine for the treatment of reduced fertility associated with late parenthood. Although an advanced maternal age is a well-known risk factor for poor reproductive outcomes, understanding the impact of an advanced paternal age on offspring is yet to be elucidated.De novo monogenic disorders (MDs) are highly associated with late fatherhood. MDs are one of the major sources of paediatric morbidity a...
Source: Human Reproduction Update - July 30, 2021 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research
Reply: Spermatogonia stem cell technology: a new avenue for all age Klinefelter patients
Sir, As the authors for the manuscript, ‘Age-related presence of spermatogonia in patients with Klinefelter syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis’, we would like to address the comments, from Winge and Almstrup’s letter (Winge and Almstrup, 2021). (Source: Human Reproduction Update)
Source: Human Reproduction Update - July 29, 2021 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research
False hope for patients with Klinefelter syndrome on cryopreservation of spermatogonia at younger ages
Sir, (Source: Human Reproduction Update)
Source: Human Reproduction Update - July 29, 2021 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research
Is diminished ovarian reserve a risk factor for miscarriage? Results of a systematic review and meta-analysis
AbstractBACKGROUNDAnti-M üllerian hormone (AMH) serum concentration and antral follicle count (AFC), as measured by transvaginal ultrasonography, accurately reflect the antral follicle pool. However, AMH and AFC association with fertility surrogates (i.e. age at menopause, probability of conceiving naturally and ART succes s rate) is questioned. Miscarriage is often considered an alternative measure of reproductive capacity. Nonetheless, the impact of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) on miscarriage incidence remains an understudied and unresolved issue.OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALEThe aim of this systematic review and meta-anal...
Source: Human Reproduction Update - July 13, 2021 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research
The multiple roles of RAB GTPases in female and male meiosis
AbstractBACKGROUNDRAB GTPases constitute the largest family of small GTPases and are found in all eukaryotes. RAB GTPases regulate components of the endomembrane system, the nucleus and the plasma membrane, and are involved in intracellular actin/tubulin-dependent vesicle movement, membrane fusion and cell growth in mitosis.OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALERAB GTPases play multiple critical roles during both female and male meiosis. This review summarizes the progress made in our understanding of the role of RAB GTPases in female and male meiosis in different species. We also discuss the potential relationship between RAB GTPases an...
Source: Human Reproduction Update - July 6, 2021 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research
Adenomyosis pathogenesis: insights from next-generation sequencing
AbstractBACKGROUNDAdenomyosis, characterized by the presence of islands of endometrial tissue surrounded by hypertrophic smooth muscle cells within the myometrium, is one of the most challenging uterine disorders in terms of diagnosis and management. Adenomyosis presents with pelvic pain, excessive uterine bleeding, anemia and infertility. The relative contributions of abnormal endometrial tissue and myometrial smooth muscle cells to the development and growth of adenomyosis are not well understood. Moreover, there is continuing debate on the origins of adenomyosis; two competing theories describe the invagination of basal...
Source: Human Reproduction Update - June 15, 2021 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research
Plasticity of the human preimplantation embryo: developmental dogmas, variations on themes and self-correction
AbstractBACKGROUNDIVF for the treatment of infertility offers unique opportunities to observe human preimplantation development. Progress in time-lapse technology (TLT) and preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) has greatly expanded our knowledge of developmental patterns leading to a healthy pregnancy or developmental failure. These technologies have also revealed unsuspected plastic properties of the preimplantation embryo, at macromolecular, cellular and multicellular levels.OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALEThis review focuses on the emerging concept of plasticity of the human embryo as revealed by recent evidence derived from TLT...
Source: Human Reproduction Update - June 15, 2021 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research
Cell dynamics in human villous trophoblast
AbstractBACKGROUNDVillous cytotrophoblast (vCTB) is a precursor cell population that supports the development of syncytiotrophoblast (vSTB), the high surface area barrier epithelium of the placental villus, and the primary interface between maternal and fetal tissue. In light of increasing evidence that the placenta can adapt to changing maternal environments or, under stress, can trigger maternal disease, we consider what properties of these cells empower them to exert a controlling influence on pregnancy progression and outcome.OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALEHow are cytotrophoblast proliferation and differentiation regulated i...
Source: Human Reproduction Update - June 14, 2021 Category: OBGYN Source Type: research
