Strong SOX10 expression in HPV-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma: report of six new cases validated by high-risk HPV mRNA in situ hybridization test
HPV-related multiphenotypic sinonasal carcinoma (HMSC) is associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection. Using HR-HPV mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH), we reported six new HMSC cases and compared their histopathology with that of sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). Using p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and HR-HPV ISH, we retrospectively identified six HMSC cases. All HMSC cases were positive for HR-HPV mRNA ISH and p16 IHC. Two HMSC cases had overlying atypical squamous epithelium and one also had invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). (Source: Human Pathology)
Source: Human Pathology - July 30, 2018 Category: Pathology Authors: Min-Shu Hsieh, Yi-Hsuan Lee, Ying-Tai Jin, Wen-Chih Huang Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: research

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition related transcription factors are upregulated in ependymomas and correlate with a poor prognosis
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in invasion and metastasis of various cancers including gliomas. EMT has also been linked to cancer stem cells and resistance to chemotherapy. An initial in-silico data mining in a published ependymoma (EPN) patient series (GSE21687) revealed upregulation of EMT-Transcription factors (EMT-TFs) in tumor samples. Further, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-RT-PCR) based gene expression analysis of EMT-TFs in 96 EPNs showed significant up-regulation of SNAI1, SNAI2, ZEB1, and TWIST1 as compared to normal brain, associated with upregulation of ...
Source: Human Pathology - July 29, 2018 Category: Pathology Authors: Prit Benny Malgulwar, Aruna Nambirajan, Pankaj Pathak, Madhu Rajeshwari, Vaishali Suri, Chitra Sarkar, Manmohan Singh, Mehar Chand Sharma Tags: Original contribution Source Type: research

Protein expression of the transcription factors DMRT1, TCLF5, and OCT4 in selected germ cell neoplasms of the testis
In the present study, we investigated protein expression of the transcription factors mammalian doublesex and mab-3 related transcription factor 1 (DMRT1), basic helix –loop–helix transcription factor-like 5 (TCLF5), and octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) in normal human spermatogenesis, testicular mixed germ cell-sex cord stromal tumor (MGC-SCST), spermatocytic tumor, and seminoma. In normal human spermatogenesis, DMRT1 is expressed in the nuclei o f spermatogonia, but not in those of more mature germ cells. (Source: Human Pathology)
Source: Human Pathology - July 29, 2018 Category: Pathology Authors: Lawrence M. Roth, Michal Michal, Michael Michal, Liang Cheng Tags: Original contribution Source Type: research

Histopathologic findings in lung biopsies from patients with primary biliary cholangitis
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a progressive autoimmune disease of the liver causing destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts, associated with lymphocytic and granulomatous inflammation. PBC has been associated with many extrahepatic manifestations including interstitial lung disease. However, comprehensive pulmonary histopathology in PBC has not been well documented. Sixteen PBC patients who underwent lung biopsies were identified from surgical pathology files in three institutions. Histopathologic review was performed. (Source: Human Pathology)
Source: Human Pathology - July 29, 2018 Category: Pathology Authors: Hee Eun Lee, Andrew Churg, Jay H. Ryu, Ana Maria Bilawich, Brandon T. Larsen, Henry D. Tazelaar, Eunhee S. Yi Tags: Original contribution Source Type: research

Immunohistochemical profiles of different subsets of Merkel cell carcinoma
The objectives of the current study were (1) to examine the immunohistochemical profile of different subsets of MCC to determine whether predictable subset-specific patterns exist and (2) to establish whether shared immunophenotypic patterns might reveal links between individual subsets, as demonstrated previously at a genetic level. In 52 cases of MCC, stratified by viral status and morphology, we studied 5 markers commonly used in the diagnostic evaluation of these tumors (CK20, CK7, chromogranin, neurofilament and TTF-1). (Source: Human Pathology)
Source: Human Pathology - July 29, 2018 Category: Pathology Authors: Sylvia Pasternak, Michael D Carter, Thai Yen Ly, Steve Doucette, Noreen M. Walsh Tags: Original Contributions Source Type: research

Can tumor-associated macrophages in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) on biopsy predict invasive carcinoma on excision?
Recent trials have explored surveillance of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) without complete excision but it is difficult to fully exclude an associated, un-sampled invasive focus. Tumor microenvironment, including tumor-associated macrophages, may play a role in the transition from in situ to invasive carcinoma and the presence of CD163 positive cells with DCIS has been associated with increased risk of progression to invasive carcinoma. We aimed to evaluate the role of DCIS-associated CD163 positive cells on biopsy in predicting associated invasion on excision. (Source: Human Pathology)
Source: Human Pathology - July 29, 2018 Category: Pathology Authors: Deepthi Hoskoppal, Emily S Reisenbichler Tags: Original contribution Source Type: research

Ectopic expression of band 3 anion transport protein in colorectal cancer revealed in an autoimmune hemolytic anemia patient
Cancer patients occasionally have anemia with high mean corpuscular volume in addition to iron deficiency anemia. Secondary autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) following cancer is also observed with low frequency. To date, no causal mechanisms for these disease states have been reported. Here, we present the case of an 80-year-old woman with AIHA that was resistant to prednisolone. Further examinations revealed primary adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon and primary squamous cell carcinoma in the right lung. (Source: Human Pathology)
Source: Human Pathology - July 28, 2018 Category: Pathology Authors: Shinichiro Kawamoto, Toyomi Kamesaki, MT Ryota Masutani, Akihito Kitao, Kazuo Hatanaka, Masami Imakita, Toshiharu Tamaki, Takayuki Takubo Tags: Case study Source Type: research

The theranostic target prostate-specific membrane antigen is expressed in medullary thyroid Cancer
Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) accounts for 4% of all thyroid cancers and originates from the parafollicular C-cells. Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) is known for its expression in the epithelium of prostate cancer and has been demonstrated to be useful both for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes as a so-called theranostic target. As PSMA is also expressed in the neovasculature of other solid tumor types, our aim was to assess PSMA expression and its prognostic role in MTC. Tissues from patients that underwent surgery for MTC between 1988 and 2014 in five tertiary referral centers in The Netherlands were include...
Source: Human Pathology - July 25, 2018 Category: Pathology Authors: Lutske Lodewijk, Stefan M. Willems, Koen M.A. Dreijerink, Bart de Keizer, Paul J. van Diest, Abbey Schepers, Hans Morreau, Han J. Bonenkamp, Ilse A.C.H. Van Engen – van Grunsven, Schelto Kruijff, Bettien M. van Hemel, Thera P. Links, Els Nieveen van Dij Tags: Original contribution Source Type: research

Parafollicular lymphoid tissue in follicular lymphoma: nodal versus extranodal
To the Editor: (Source: Human Pathology)
Source: Human Pathology - July 24, 2018 Category: Pathology Authors: Howe J. Ree, Young-Hyeh Ko, Seok Woo Yang, Boram Lee Tags: Correspondence Source Type: research

Benign vascular tumors, cysts and pseudocysts of the adrenal gland: a contemporary multi-institutional clinicopathologic analysis of 55 cases
Benign adrenal vascular tumors, cysts and pseudocysts are a heterogeneous group of relatively uncommon entities that may pose diagnostic challenges radiologically and pathologically. However, there are only a few small cases series, systematically characterizing the clinicopathologic features of these lesions. We identified 55 cases of benign adrenal vascular tumors, cysts and pseudocysts (23 pseudocysts, 17 hemangiomas, 8 lymphangiomas, 6 angiomatous endothelial cysts and 1 arteriovenous malformation) from a multi-institutional Urologic Pathology database between 2000 –2017, and retrospectively analyzed their clinicopat...
Source: Human Pathology - July 21, 2018 Category: Pathology Authors: Wei Zheng, Kar-Ming Fung, Liang Cheng, Adeboye O. Osunkoya Tags: Original contribution Source Type: research

Histological features of autoimmune hepatitis: a critical appraisal
We speculate that the ‘typical’ histological features (lymphoplasmacytic interface hepatitis, emperipolesis and hepatocyte rosettes) of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are related to severity of hepatitis rather than etiology. We critically appraised various histologic features of AIH and compared them to cases of chronic hepatitis with similar inflammatory grade and fibrosis stage. Fifty one patients with clinically confirmed AIH were identified at our institution, of which 43 biopsies (from 42 patients) were taken prior to initiation of therapy and formed the study group. (Source: Human Pathology)
Source: Human Pathology - July 21, 2018 Category: Pathology Authors: Ananta Gurung, David N Assis, Thomas McCarty, Kisha A Mitchell, James L Boyer, Dhanpat Jain Tags: Original contribution Source Type: research

Distribution of dysplasia and cancer in the gallbladder: an analysis from a high cancer-risk population
Gallbladder dysplasia can progress to cancer and may be associated with increased cancer risk at other biliary tract sites. Thus, its accurate identification is relevant both for etiologic understanding and for clinical purposes. Data on the frequency and distribution of gallbladder dysplasia are lacking due to limited gallbladder sampling and inability to visualize dysplasia grossly. An expert pathology group used consensus criteria to review 140 totally sampled consecutive cholecystectomy specimens from Chilean women. (Source: Human Pathology)
Source: Human Pathology - July 21, 2018 Category: Pathology Authors: Jill Koshiol, Enrique Bellolio, Carolina Vivallo, Paz Cook, Juan Carlos Roa, Emma E. McGee, Hector Losada, Alison L. Van Dyke, Vanessa Van De Wyngard, Rodrigo Prado, Miguel Villaseca, Pia Riquelme, Johanna Acevedo, Vanessa Olivo, Karen Pettit, Allan Hilde Tags: Original contribution Source Type: research

Testicular germ cell tumors: revisiting a series in light of the new WHO classification and AJCC staging systems, focusing on challenges for pathologists
Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are strikingly heterogeneous, reflecting a complex tumor model, posing serious challenges for pathologists. Accurate classification and staging, according to most recent systems, is fundamental. We aimed to revise a series of consecutively diagnosed TGCTs (2005 –2016) in light of the new World Health Organization (WHO) classification and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging systems, discussing dilemmas imposed to pathologists. All 164 patients' clinical files/histological slides were reviewed. (Source: Human Pathology)
Source: Human Pathology - July 21, 2018 Category: Pathology Authors: Jo ão Lobo, Ana Laura Costa, Bárbara Vilela-Salgueiro, Ângelo Rodrigues, Rita Guimarães, Mariana Cantante, Paula Lopes, Luís Antunes, Carmen Jerónimo, Rui Henrique Tags: Original contribution Source Type: research

Genotype-phenotype correlation of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex-associated renal angiomyolipoma: a descriptive study
TSC2 gene mutation was repeatedly reported associated with a more severe phenotype in patients of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Our current study aims to further explore whether there is such a correlation in patients with TSC-associated renal angiomyolipoma (TSC-RAML). TSC1/TSC2 gene mutation was screened by high throughput sequencing in 25 TSC-RAML patients from two medical centers. Clinical data were also carefully collected. Linear-regression analysis and student t-test were conducted by IBM SPSS Statistics Version 21.0 to analyze the genotypic-phenotypic relationship. (Source: Human Pathology)
Source: Human Pathology - July 21, 2018 Category: Pathology Authors: Shuqiang Li, Yushi Zhang, Zhiyong Wang, Yanfeng Yang, Wansheng Gao, Dongsheng Li, Jinxing Wei Tags: Original contribution Source Type: research

Prognostic and predictive values of immune infiltrate in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
This study sought to determine whether the in situ tumor-infiltrating immune lymphocytes, as a novel companion to the Immunoscore analysis, could be a promising, valuable prognostic and predictive marker in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Total (CD3+) and cytotoxic (CD8+) T lymphocytes were assessed using immunohistochemistry in tumor nests and stroma obtained from patient surgical specimens. The “Immunoscore” methodology has been defined to quantify the amount of in situ immune infiltrate (from I0 to I4). (Source: Human Pathology)
Source: Human Pathology - July 20, 2018 Category: Pathology Authors: Xue-Mei Zhang, Ling-Jun Song, Juan Shen, Hao Yue, Ya-Qin Han, Chen-Ling Yang, Shi-Yun Liu, Jia-Wen Deng, Yue Jiang, Guo-Hui Fu, Wei-Wei Shen Tags: Original contribution Source Type: research