Chapter 12 Information technology for brain banking
Publication date: 2018 Source:Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 150 Author(s): Peer Schmitz Implementing and maintaining the information technology (IT) infrastructure of a brain bank can be a daunting task for any brain bank coordinator, particularly when access to both funds and IT professionals is limited. Many questions arise when attempting to determine which IT products are most suitable for a brain bank. The requirements of each brain bank must be assessed carefully to ensure that the chosen IT infrastructure will be able to meet those requirements successfully and will be able to expand and adapt as the siz...
Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - February 27, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Chapter 11 Brain donation at autopsy: clinical characterization and toxicologic analyses
Publication date: 2018 Source:Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 150 Author(s): Michelle I. Mighdoll, Thomas M. Hyde The study of postmortem human brain tissue is central to the advancement of neurobiologic studies of psychiatric and neurologic illnesses, particularly the study of brain-specific isoforms and molecules. Due to tissue demands, especially pertaining to brain regions strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, the success and future of this research depend on the availability of high-quality brain specimens from large numbers of subjects, including nonpsychiatric controls,...
Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - February 27, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Chapter 10 Minimal neuropathologic diagnosis for brain banking in the normal middle-aged and aged brain and in neurodegenerative disorders
Publication date: 2018 Source:Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 150 Author(s): Irina Alafuzoff Research on human brain diseases is currently often conducted on cell cultures and animals. Several questions however can only be addressed by studying human postmortem brain tissue. However, brain tissue obtained postmortem almost always displays pathology that is often related to the aging phenomenon. Thus, in order to be certain that the answers obtained are reliable, a systematic and thorough assessment of the brain tissue to be studied should be carried out. We are currently aware of several protein alterations that ...
Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - February 27, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Chapter 9 Neurochemical markers as potential indicators of postmortem tissue quality
In conclusion, the neurochemical tryptophan appears to be the most suitable candidate for assessing the integrity and quality of postmortem brain tissue. However, to optimize the quality of the samples, neuropathologic diagnostic characterization must also be employed in the interpretation and understanding of the data generated. It would also be judicious to consider as many premortem and postmortem conditions as possible as they can also affect the genetic and molecular integrity of the brain tissue. (Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology)
Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - February 27, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Chapter 8 The New York Brain Bank of Columbia University: practical highlights of 35 years of experience
Publication date: 2018 Source:Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 150 Author(s): Etty Paola Cortes Ramirez, Christian Ernst Keller, Jean Paul Vonsattel The New York Brain Bank processes brains and organs of clinically well-characterized patients with age-related neurodegenerative diseases, and for comparison, from individuals without neurologic or psychiatric impairments. The donors, either patients or individuals, were evaluated at healthcare facilities of the Columbia University of New York. Each source brain yields four categories of samples: fresh frozen blocks and crushed parenchyma, and formalin-fixed wet blo...
Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - February 27, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Chapter 7 A new viewpoint: running a nonprofit brain bank as a business
Publication date: 2018 Source:Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 150 Author(s): Sonja H.M. Rademaker, Inge Huitinga It has become clear over the past decades that studying postmortem human brain tissue is one of the most effective ways to increase our knowledge of the pathogenesis and etiology of neuropathologic and psychiatric diseases. Many breakthroughs in neuroscience have depended on the availability of human brain tissue. However, the process of brain banking presents many different challenges, including the high cost that is associated with collecting the samples and with providing the diagnostics, storage, ...
Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - February 27, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Chapter 6 A review of brain biorepository management and operations
Publication date: 2018 Source:Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 150 Author(s): H. Ronald Zielke, Deborah C. Mash Brain biospecimen banking requires centralized resources, national networks for referral of donors, trained personnel to interact with grieving families, and scientific staff to process the biospecimens. Process development of quality control standards is needed to meet the specific requirements of emerging genomic and proteomic technologies. Attention has to be paid to agonal factors and postmortem interval, tissue processing, neuropathology review, and long-term storage. Samples of both diseased and u...
Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - February 27, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Chapter 5 Design of a European code of conduct for brain banking
Publication date: 2018 Source:Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 150 Author(s): Natasja M. Klioueva, Marleen C. Rademaker, Inge Huitinga The BrainNet Europe consortium, which is a consortium of 19 European brain banks, took the initiative to draft a series of documents to provide an ethical framework for brain banks to follow. The framework includes an ethical code of conduct, a model for brain bank regulations, and a toolkit containing several documents. The sources for the information included came from the laws, regulations, and guidelines (declarations, conventions, recommendations, guidelines, and directives)...
Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - February 27, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Chapter 4 The NIH NeuroBioBank: creating opportunities for human brain research
Publication date: 2018 Source:Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 150 Author(s): Michelle Freund, Anna Taylor, Cathy Ng, A. Roger Little The National Institutes of Health (NIH) NeuroBioBank is a federally funded research resource for human neurologic diseases and disorders. This chapter will discuss the principles that guided the creation of the NIH NeuroBioBank and the rationale for the resource model selected. In addition, we will describe some performance metrics in the first 2 years and highlight recent advances in biomedical neuroscience that could only have been achieved using postmortem human tissues. The N...
Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - February 27, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Chapter 3 Autism BrainNet
Publication date: 2018 Source:Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 150 Author(s): David G. Amaral, Matthew P. Anderson, Olaf Ansorge, Steven Chance, Carolyn Hare, Patrick R. Hof, Melissa Miller, Ikue Nagakura, Jane Pickett, Cynthia Schumann, Carol Tamminga Autism spectrum disorder (ASD or autism) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects over 1% of the population worldwide. Developing effective preventions and treatments for autism will depend on understanding the genetic perturbations and underlying neuropathology of the disorder. While evidence from magnetic resonance imaging and other noninvasive tec...
Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - February 27, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Chapter 2 Brain donation procedures in the Sudden Death Brain Bank in Edinburgh
Publication date: 2018 Source:Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 150 Author(s): Colin Smith, Tracey Millar Brain banks typically receive donations through premortem consent procedures, often through disease-specific patient cohorts, such as dementia. While some control cases can be obtained through this route, access to age-matched control tissues, and some chronic neurologic conditions, particularly psychiatric disorders, can be challenging. The Edinburgh Sudden Death Brain Bank was established to try and increase access to control cases across all ages, and also access to psychiatric disorders through suicides. T...
Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - February 27, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Chapter 1 The Netherlands Brain Bank for Psychiatry
Publication date: 2018 Source:Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 150 Author(s): Marleen C. Rademaker, Geertje M. de Lange, Saskia J.M.C. Palmen The Netherlands Brain Bank (NBB) performs rapid autopsies of donors who gave written informed consent during life for the use of their brain tissue and medical files for research. The NBB initiated the Netherlands Brain Bank for Psychiatry (NBB-Psy), a prospective donor program for psychiatric diseases. NBB-Psy wants to expand the tissue collections in order to provide a strong incentive to increase research in psychiatry. The ultimate goal of NBB-Psy is to reduce the burd...
Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - February 27, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Chapter 45 Neurogenetics of Pelizaeus –Merzbacher disease
Publication date: 2018 Source:Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 148 Author(s): M. Joana Osório, Steven A. Goldman Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease (PMD) is an X-linked disorder caused by mutations in the PLP1 gene, which encodes the proteolipid protein of myelinating oligodendroglia. PMD exhibits phenotypic variability that reflects its considerable genotypic heterogeneity, but all forms of the disease result in central hypomyelination associated with early neurologic dysfunction, progressive deterioration, and ultimately death. PMD has been classified into three major subtypes, according to the age of presentation...
Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - February 23, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Chapter 44 Alexander disease
Publication date: 2018 Source:Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 148 Author(s): Albee Messing Alexander disease is a rare and generally fatal disorder of the central nervous system, originally defined by the distinctive neuropathology consisting of abundant Rosenthal fibers within the cytoplasm and processes of astrocytes. More recently, mutations in GFAP, encoding glial fibrillary acidic protein, the major intermediate filament protein of astrocytes, have been identified in nearly all patients. No other genetic causes have yet been identified. The precise mechanisms by which mutations lead to disease are poorly und...
Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - February 23, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
Chapter 43 The spectrum of adult-onset heritable white-matter disorders
Publication date: 2018 Source:Handbook of Clinical Neurology, Volume 148 Author(s): Guy Helman, Sunita Venkateswaran, Adeline Vanderver Unique clinical presentations and magnetic resonance imaging patterns can help differentiate the various adult presentations of leukodystrophies and leukoencephalopathies. White-matter disorders are genetically based disorders affecting the central nervous system white matter, with or without peripheral nervous system involvement. These disorders predominantly affect patients in the pediatric population; however, a number of classic leukodystrophies can present in adulthood. Disease p...
Source: Handbook of Clinical Neurology - February 23, 2018 Category: Neurology Source Type: research
