Chromosomes of Asian cyprinid fishes: Variable karyotype patterns and evolutionary trends in the genus Osteochilus (Cyprinidae, Labeoninae, “Osteochilini”)
In this study, karyotypes and other chromosomal characteristics of five Osteochilus species occurring in Thailand, namely O. lini, O. melanopleura, O. microcephalus, O. vittatus and O. waandersii were examined using conventional and molecular cytogenetic protocols. Our results showed they possessed diploid chromosome number (2n) invariably 2n = 50, but the ratio of uni- and bi-armed chromosomes was highly variable among their karyotypes, indicating extensive chromosomal rearrangements. Only one chromosome pair bearing 5S rDNA sites occurred in most species, except O. melanopleura, where two sites were detected. In contrast...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - November 6, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Molecular cytogenetic analyses reveal extensive chromosomal rearrangements and novel B chromosomes in Moenkhausia (Teleostei, Characidae)
Abstract The cytogenetic characteristics of five fish species of the Moenkhausia are described, based on the analysis of specimens collected in different headwater. All the species analyzed presented 2n=50 chromosomes. The C-banding revealed a similar distribution pattern of heterochromatic blocks in all the species, except Moenkhausia nigromarginata. The 5S rDNA sites were distributed on multiple chromosome pairs in all five species. Single and multiple histone H1 sites were observed in all the species, and histone H1 was shown to be co-located with the 18S rRNA gene in a single chromosome pair. The U2 snDNA gene was dist...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - November 6, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Molecular characterization and gene expression analysis of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-8 in the South American fish Piaractus mesopotamicus challenged with Aeromonas dhakensis
Abstract In the present study, the complete characterization of cDNA and genomic sequences of IL-1 β and IL-8, as well as the expression profile of these genes in the South American fish pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) is provided. The full-length pmIL-1 β cDNA was composed of 1208 nucleotides that would produce a precursor peptide with 273 amino acid residues. A putative caspase-1 cleavage site, similar to what is found in mammalian IL-1 β , was identified producing a mature peptide with a theoretical molecular weight of 17.21 kDa. The pmIL-8 cDNA sequence consisted of 1019 nucleotides which encoded a 95-amino acid pr...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - November 6, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Comparative chromosomal mapping of microsatellite repeats reveals divergent patterns of accumulation in 12 Siluridae (Teleostei: Siluriformes) species
Abstract The freshwater family Siluridae occurs in Eurasia and is especially speciose in South and Southeast Asia, representing an important aquaculture and fishery targets. However, despite the restricted cytogenetic data, a high diploid number variation (from 2n=40 to 92) characterizes this fish group. Considering the large genomic divergence among its species, silurid genomes have experienced an enormous diversification throughout their evolutionary history. Here, we aim to investigate the chromosomal distribution of several microsatellite repeats in 12 Siluridae species and infer about their possible roles in the karyo...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - November 6, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
A comparison of mRNA and circRNA expression between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lungs
In conclusion, genes such as EPHA2, EPHA7, NTRK2, and CDK6 had different patterns in the two major histological subtypes of NSCLC. Notably, EPHA2 and CDK6 might be considered as potential therapeutic targets for LUSC and LUAD, respectively. (Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology)
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - November 6, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
A metalloproteinase of the disintegrin and metalloproteinases and the ThromboSpondin Motifs 6 as a novel marker for colon cancer: functional experiments
Abstract Herein, we aimed to investigate the functions of ADAMTS6 in colon cancer and its potential mechanism. Based on the data acquired from TCGA database, we revealed that ADAMTS6 was highly expressed in colon cancer tissues, and high expression of ADAMTS6 predicted worse prognosis in patients with colon cancer. Moreover, qRT-PCR demonstrated that the levels of ADAMTS6 were higher in colon cancer cell lines (NCI-H508, Caco-2, CW-2 and HCT 116) than that in normal control cell line CCD-18Co. Functional experiments displayed that depletion of ADAMTS6 repressed NCI-H508 cell growth, invasion and migration whilst overexpres...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - October 12, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Characterization of three new mitochondrial genomes of Coraciiformes (Megaceryle lugubris, Alcedo atthis, Halcyon smyrnensis) and insights into their phylogenetics
This study presented the genome characteristics of three new mitogenomes in Coraciiformes and explored the phylogenetic relationships among Coraciiformes and other five related orders with mitogenome data of 30 species. The sizes of three mitogenomes were 17,383 bp (Alcedo atthis), 17,892 bp (Halcyon smyrnensis) and 17,223 bp (Megaceryle lugubris). Each mitogenome contained one control region and 37 genes that were common in vertebrate mitogenomes. The organization of three mitogenomes was identical to the putative ancestral gene order in Aves. Among 13 available Coraciiform mitogenomes, 12 protein coding genes showed indi...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - October 5, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Gynostemma yixingense and comparative analysis with congeneric species
Abstract Gynostemma yixingense, an important medicinal member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is an endemic herbaceous species distributed in East China. It is morphologically similar to the plants in the same genus, which resulted in some confusion in identification and application. Meanwhile, there are still some controversies in taxonomy. Herein, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of G. yixingense was obtained by Illumina paired-end sequencing technology and compared to other chloroplast genome sequences of congeneric species. The complete chloroplast genome of G. yixingense is 157,910 bp in length with 36.94% GC con...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - September 25, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
First description of ultramutated endometrial cancer caused by germline loss-of-function and somatic exonuclease domain mutations in POLE gene
Abstract Endometrial cancer (EC) harboring heterozygous POLE proofreading inactivating mutations (POLE-exo*) is associated with an increased number of somatic mutations that result in a distinctive anti-tumor immune response. However, the consequences of such POLE mutations in the context of the missing wild-type allele have not yet been described in endometrial tumors. A 72-year-old woman harboring a germline monoallelic frameshift mutation (p.Pro269fsTer26) in POLE was diagnosed with an EC having a somatic heterozygous mutation in the exonuclease domain of POLE (S459F). Targeted gene sequencing revealed an ultramutated p...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - September 25, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Characterization of the complete plastid genome of Butia eriospatha (Arecaceae)
Abstract Butia eriospatha is an endemic palm species from the Atlantic Rainforest in Brazil, a biodiversity hotspot. This species is currently listed in the IUCN red list as vulnerable and lacks specific plastid markers for population genetics studies. In addition, the evolutionary relationship within the genus Butia is not yet well resolved. Here, we sequenced and characterized the complete plastid genome (plastome) sequence of B. eriospatha. The complete plastome sequence is 154,048 bp in length, with the typical quadripartite structure. This plastome length and genes content is consistent with other six species from tri...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - September 11, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Determining minimum numbers of di-allelic diagnostic markers required to identify introgressions in diploid cross-species hybrid individuals from different types of inter- and backcross populations
Abstract Cross-species hybridizations have been extensively used to generate animals and plants better suited for draft and food and fiber production since Roman times, and are still important in current agricultural practices with growing uses especially in aquaculture. Diagnostic tools based on marker panels with sufficient numbers of markers for accurate identification of cross-species hybrid individuals from intercrossed and backcrossed populations are increasingly necessary for practical, accurate species-purity certification and management of commercial broodstocks. Minimal numbers of di-allelic markers with species-...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - August 22, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
Hypermethylation status of DAPK, MGMT and RUNX3 in HPV negative oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Abstract Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx is the sixth most common type of cancer in the world. During tumorigenesis, gene promoter hypermethylation is considered an important mechanism of transcription silencing of tumor suppressor genes, such as DAPK, MGMT and RUNX3. These genes participate in signaling pathways related to apoptosis, DNA repair and proliferation whose loss of expression is possibly associated with cancer development and progression. In order to investigate associations between hypermethylation and clinicopathological and prognostic parameters, promoter methylation was evaluated i...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - August 22, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
A clinical report of the massive CAG repeat expansion in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2: Severe onset in a Mexican child and review previous cases
We describe a Mexican child affected by SCA2 with an infantile onset, associated with a high number of CAG repeats previously no reported and anticipation phenomenon. (Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology)
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - August 22, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
The complete chloroplast genome of Papaver setigerum and comparative analyses in Papaveraceae
Abstract Papaver setigerum is an annual herb that is closely related to the opium poppy, P. somniferum. Genetic resources for P. setigerum are scarce. In the present study, we assembled the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of P. setigerum based on genome skimming data, and we conducted comparative cp genome analyses to study the evolutionary pattern in Papaveraceae. The cp genome of P. setigerum is 152,862 bp in length with a typical quadripartite structure. Comparative analyses revealed no gene rearrangement in the Papaveraceae family, although differences were evident in genome size, gene losses, as well as inverted repe...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - August 15, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
The Leigh phenotype resulting from C12orf65 variants
Abstract ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters are involved in cholesterol metabolism and their dysfunctions could lead to obesity-associated complications. It was investigated whether SNPs in the ABCA1 (rs1800977 and rs2230806), ABCA7 (rs2279796) and ABCG1 (rs692383 and rs3827225) genes can modulate the responsiveness of 137 obese women to a weight-loss dietary intervention. Thus, anthropometric and lipid profiles were collected at baseline and after nine weeks of a calorie-restricted diet of 600kcal per day and participants were genotyped for the ABC genes SNPs. Regarding the transversal analysis, the ABCA7 rs2279796 G...
Source: Genetics and Molecular Biology - August 15, 2020 Category: Genetics & Stem Cells Source Type: research
