P 148 – Synergy complexity during maximal voluntary isometric contractions
Non-negative matrix factorization (NNMF) has been used in dynamic and static tasks to identify muscle synergies [1,2]. From NNMF, complexity of motor control of a given task can be assessed by calculating total variance accounted for by one synergy (tVAF1). tVAF1 of gait was found to be increased in children with cerebral palsy (CP) when compared to typical developing (TD) children [3]. However, we expect that tVAF1 of maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) will be higher in TD children, since MVIC outcomes depend on selectively activating one muscle group. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - September 11, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: M. Goudriaan, B.R. Shuman, K.M. Steele, G. Molenaers, N. Goemans, K. Desloovere Source Type: research

P 014 - The influence of anterior-posterior prosthetic alignment on: Gait profile score, movement analysis profile, pain and comfort on transtibial amputees
The rehabilitation process for lower limb amputees must be carefully conducted in order to restore maximum functionality and provide a symmetrical, efficient and safe gait pattern [1]. The Gait Profile Score (GPS) is a gait summary measure that reduces kinematic gait data into a single number. The Movement Analysis Profile (MAP) is the decomposition of the GPS, showing individual variable contribution to GPS score [1]. The GPS and MAP have been proposed to detect gait asymmetries in unilateral lower amputees [2]. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - September 11, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: E. Alc ázar Rueda, J.M. Fernández Torrico, L.M. Janeiro Rodrigues, C. Echevarría Ruiz de vargas, M. Perona Miguez Source Type: research

P 054 –Evaluation of ground reaction forces by inverse dynamics analysis
The inverse dynamics simulation of the musculoskeletal system is a common method to analyse human motion. To obtain the ground reaction forces (GRF), measuring them experimentally provides accurate results. However, the number of steps is limited to the number of force platforms available in the lab. Several numerical methods have been proposed to compute the GRF using a model of the foot. Compliant models use simple equations, the local contact compliance can be hard to estimate. Rigid models usually require a priori information about the gait cycle. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - September 11, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: R. Van Hulle, C. Schwartz, V. Deno ël, J.L. Croisier, B. Forthomme, O. Brüls Source Type: research

P 068 –Plantar pressure distribution during running in early childhood
Plantar loads represent a reliable estimation of the mechanical efficiency of movement. Important studies on plantar loads were conducted in children in different age groups in the quiet standing position and walking [1]. The longitudinal arch seems develop continuously until 6 years of age. Phethean et al [2], suggest that between the ages of 4 and 7 years old there may have a period of potential differences between bearing of the plantar loads. Running is an important motor ability for children and an understanding of plantar pressure loads during running in early childhood may be important to assess typical motor develo...
Source: Gait and Posture - September 11, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: A. De David, T. Vieira, P. Mesquita, S. Neri, R. Moreno Source Type: research

P 106 - Intra- and inter-operator reliability of a novel hand protocol during grip movement in healthy subjects
Hand movement is hard to analyse because of the number of bones, joints and degrees of freedom (24 DoFs). Quantitative and qualitative measures of human movement can be two important features for discriminating healthy and pathological conditions, for expressing clinically changes in subjects' functional state and for helping in the decision making within clinical setting. Clinical scales are the most frequently used instruments for the upper extremity functional assessment [1]. Currently there are no methods sufficiently accurate that analyze the hand mobility in clinical practice. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - September 11, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: P. Pedersini, J.H. Villafa ñe, B. Piovanelli, V. Cappellini, R. Buraschi, J. Pollet, S. Negrini Source Type: research

P 148 - Synergy complexity during maximal voluntary isometric contractions
Non-negative matrix factorization (NNMF) has been used in dynamic and static tasks to identify muscle synergies [1,2]. From NNMF, complexity of motor control of a given task can be assessed by calculating total variance accounted for by one synergy (tVAF1). tVAF1 of gait was found to be increased in children with cerebral palsy (CP) when compared to typical developing (TD) children [3]. However, we expect that tVAF1 of maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) will be higher in TD children, since MVIC outcomes depend on selectively activating one muscle group. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - September 11, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: M. Goudriaan, B.R. Shuman, K.M. Steele, G. Molenaers, N. Goemans, K. Desloovere Source Type: research

Changes to Gait Speed and the Walk Ratio with Rhythmic Auditory Cuing
Metabolic intensity (measured as oxygen consumption) exhibits a curvilinear association with gait speed [1,2]. Considering the importance of intensity in physical activity public health guidelines [3], gait speed is a highly scrutinized parameter in physical activity research. Quantifying specific gait speeds that correlate with benchmark intensity values (i.e., 3 metabolic equivalents [METs]) that are associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease [4] can inform public health guidelines and clinical practice. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - September 10, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Scott W. Ducharme, Colleen J. Sands, Christopher C. Moore, Elroy J. Aguiar, Joseph Hamill, Catrine Tudor-Locke Source Type: research

The Validity and reliability of the Swaymeter for postural sway measurement in typically developing children aged between 7-12 years
Postural control involves controlling position of the body in space for the dual purpose of stability and orientation. Postural stability or balance is defined as the ability to maintain an upright posture and keep the center of gravity (COG) within the base of support [1]. Postural control depends on integration of the sensory process, including the visual, somatosensory and vestibular, and motor adjustment process [2]. Balance is an important and necessary motor development that relates to the accomplishment of daily activities, participation in sporting activities and prevention from falling. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - September 10, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Arisa Parameyong, Sirinun Boripuntakul, Teerawat Kamnardsiri, Jitapa Chawawisuttikool Tags: Full length article Source Type: research

Reliability of scapular kinematics estimated with three-dimensional motion analysis during shoulder elevation and flexion
In clinical settings, upper limb range of motion is usually measured using a goniometer that does not enable the examiner to describe the motion continuously in the three planes exactly at any point in time during various movements. Furthermore, scapular kinematics during movements cannot be easily quantified clinically. The three-dimensional (3D) analysis of the shoulder movement is important since two-dimensional methods fail to account for “out-of-plane” motions, which can produce significant errors and may also fail to capture the complexity of the shoulder movement [1]. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - September 10, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Nathalie Alexander, Regina Wegener, Vilijam Zdravkovic, David North, Tom Gawliczek, Bernhard Jost Tags: Full length article Source Type: research

Training history constrains postural sway dynamics: a study of balance in collegiate ice hockey players
Identifying sport specific balance characteristics is important for understanding balance requirements of various sports and to design effective training programs. Athletes and non-athletes demonstrate different balance characteristics (1,2), and balance differs between athletes from different sports (3). Strang et al. (4) used a combination of linear and nonlinear analyses to indicate that balance exercises performed on an unstable surface may not transfer to better balance on a stable surface, and vice versa. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - September 10, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Mark Walsh, Eric Slattery, Arden McMath, Ronald Cox, Joshua Haworth Tags: Full length article Source Type: research

Combined three-dimensional gait and plantar pressure analyses detecting significant functional deficits in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Children suffering from juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), a heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory joint diseases, adapt to individual gait patterns to avoid loading of inflamed, swollen and painful joints. As the interpretability of previous studies is limited, this study aims to assess the functional capacity, loads and plantar pressure distribution in the gait of a homogeneous JIA group. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - September 9, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Josephine Merker, Matthias Hartmann, Johannes-Peter Haas, Ansgar Schwirtz Tags: Full length article Source Type: research

Coordination and variability during anticipated and unanticipated sidestepping
A significant body of research has been dedicated toward understanding the underlying mechanisms and counter-measures of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. In-vivo, in-vitro and in-silico research have identified that elevated and combined peak knee extension, valgus and internal rotation moments while the knee is in an extended posture (i.e. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - September 9, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Gillian Weir, Richard van Emmerik, Carl Jewell, Joseph Hamill Tags: Full length article Source Type: research

The Influence of Crouch Gait on Sagittal Trunk Position and Lower Lumbar Spinal Loading in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Crouch gait is a common gait pattern in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and manifests primarily as knee flexion outside normal limits for a significant proportion of the stance phase of gait [1]. Crouch gait has been reported to be present in more than 45% of children with CP with Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level I and in more than 60% with GMFCS levels II to IV [2]. This type of walking moves the ground reaction force (GRF) away from the hip and knee centers and increases the internal extensor joint moments [3], requiring greater energy expenditure compared to a straighter gait pattern [4,5]. (So...
Source: Gait and Posture - September 6, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: D Kiernan, R O ’Sullivan Source Type: research

Back muscle activity and sagittal spinal alignment during quadruped upper and lower extremity lift in young men with low back pain history
Approximately 85% of adults experience low back pain (LBP) within their lifetime [1]. There is approximately a 60% recurrence rate at 22 months follow-up in individuals who have experienced one episode of LBP [2]. Previous studies examining the activities of the trunk muscles during motion using electromyography (EMG) demonstrated that the activity of the lumbar multifidus muscle [3]  decreases and the activities of the external oblique [3], lumbar erector spinae [4], gluteus maximus [4], and hamstring [4] muscles increase during trunk rotation motion in patients with LBP. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - September 6, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Mitsuhiro Masaki, Hiroshige Tateuchi, Yumiko Koyama, Kaoru Sakuma, Naoki Otsuka, Noriaki Ichihashi Tags: Full length article Source Type: research

A kinematic and kinetic analysis of the hip and knee joints in patients with posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction; comparison with healthy age-matched controls
The tibialis posterior (TP) muscle is the deepest muscle in the posterior compartment of the calf. Its tendon passes the ankle joint medially, behind the medial malleolus. Contraction of the TP muscle that occurs when moving from mid-stance to terminal stance during the gait cycle allows the gastrocnemius –soleus complex to shift medial of the subtalar axis. When the gastrocnemius-soleus complex contracts, it becomes a powerful heel inverter [1–3]. Heel inversion creates obliquity of the transverse tarsal (talonavicular, calcaneocuboid) joint, thereby creating a rigid midfoot during the terminal stance, which allows ef...
Source: Gait and Posture - September 5, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Hiroshi Maeda, Kazuya Ikoma, Shogo Toyama, Daigo Taniguchi, Masamitsu Kido, Suzuyo Ohashi, Shuichi Kubo, Norikazu Hishikawa, Koshiro Sawada, Yasuo Mikami, Toshikazu Kubo Source Type: research