Comparison of Simultaneous Static Standing Balance Data on a Pressure Mat and Force Plate in Typical Children and in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurologic condition frequently encountered by pediatric physical therapists.[1] CP is caused by injury to the brain that can occur before, during, or shortly after birth which produces motor impairments and possible sensory deficits.[1,2] Long term effects of this brain lesion may include: abnormal muscle tone, impaired voluntary muscle control, increased muscle tightness, muscle weakness, and impairments of the sensory, visual, and cognitive systems. These deficits impair balance and affect ambulation in the child with CP; limiting the ability to function at the same physical level as their peers...
Source: Gait and Posture - August 16, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Christina Bickley, Judith Linton, Elroy Sullivan, Katy Mitchell, Greg Slota, Douglas Barnes Source Type: research
Maximum Lyapunov exponent revisited: Long-term attractor divergence of gait dynamics is highly sensitive to the noise structure of stride intervals
Analysis of the nonlinear variability of human locomotion has attracted growing interest over the past decade [1]. This approach postulates that decoding nonlinear dependence among consecutive gait cycles (strides) can help to better understand gait control. A popular nonlinear method is the local dynamic stability (LDS) of the gait [2 –5]. LDS is derived from the maximum Lyapunov exponent, which is used to highlight the deterministic chaos in nonlinear systems. Gait LDS has been proven particularly useful for detecting patients at risk of falling [6]. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - August 14, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Philippe Terrier, Fabienne Reynard Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Gait kinetics in children with clubfeet treated surgically or with the Ponseti method: a meta-analysis
A clubfoot (talipes equinovarus) is a three dimensional congenital deformity of the foot involving equinus, varus, adductus, and cavus [1]. The goal of treatment is to correct clubfeet and come to a functional, pain-free foot with good mobility and no need to wear modified shoes [2]. Initial severity and short-term treatment success is often evaluated with the Pirani and/or Dimeglio score [3,4]. For long-term functional evaluation of treatment gait analysis focusing on gait kinetics and kinematics is frequently applied [5]. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - August 13, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: A.B.M. Tuinsma, B. Vanwanseele, L. van Oorschot, H.J.J. Kars, L. Grin, M. Reijman, A.T. Besselaar, M.C. van der Steen Tags: Review Source Type: research
Long-term Tai Chi Practitioners Have Superior Body Stability under Dual Task Condition during Stair Ascent
Each year, approximately one third elderly individuals will experience falls, which constitute the fifth leading cause of death, following common severe diseases, i.e., cancer, heart disease, stroke, and respiratory diseases[1], stair walking contributed to 26% of self-reported falls and become the leading cause of accidental death among the elderly[2]. Declining physical and cognitive functions increase the challenge of stair ascent among the elderly[3,4]. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - August 13, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Qipeng Song, Li Li, Cui Zhang, Wei Sun, Dewei Mao Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Changes in motor actions in the face of varying task constraints
Skilled motor actions require adapting to change to cope with multiple sources of variability [1]. One source of variability is the environment, which creates constraints. For instance, the ground is not usually flat and uniform. Surfaces are rife with obstacles or slopes. Under such conditions, adults have walked more slowly when approaching high versus low obstacles [2] and taken shorter steps to descend steep slopes [3]. Even healthy individuals reduce their cadence by maintaining their step length when walking on uneven surfaces [4]. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - August 13, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Daekyoo Kim, Xia Pu, Nicole Woo, Simone V. Gill Source Type: research
Three dimensional knee kinematics and kinetics in ACL-deficient patients with and without medial meniscus posterior horn tear during level walking
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a very common sports injury and is associated with an incidence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) over 50% at 10 years after rupture [1]. Patients who suffered ACL rupture experienced higher rates of knee OA at much younger ages compared with non-injured individuals [2,3]. One of the main risk factors for post-traumatic knee OA after ACL rupture is considered as abnormal knee motion in ACL deficient (ACLD) subjects, which has been reported in daily activities even during walking [4,5]. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - August 10, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Shuang Ren, Yuanyuan Yu, Huijuan Shi, Xin Miao, Yanfang Jiang, Zixuan Liang, Xiaoqing Hu, Hongshi Huang, Yingfang Ao Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Influence of foot positioning on cop measures of post stroke patients in quiet standing
Maintaining upright posture is a basic requirement for performing the activities of daily living and might require a big effort from stroke patients. According to the literature, individuals who suffered a stroke need to pay more attention to balance tasks in the upright posture than their healthy conterparts [1]. The measures related to the center of pressure (CoP) during quiet stance differ between these two populations, due to the promintent role of the nonparetic limb, to the spatial neglect [2] and to the synchronization deficit between the ankle muscles of each limb [3]. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - August 9, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Tatiane Caroline Boumer, Suzane Ketlyn Martello, Gisele Francini Devetak, Dielise Debona Iucksch, Nicoly Scrok, Elisangela Ferretti Manffra Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Upright Balance Control Strategies During Pregnancy
Pregnancy is recognized as a period of inherent morphological and physiological changes resulting in modifications of the inertial properties of the body segments and increasing postural instability [1]. Weight gain, abdominal growth, increased circulating relaxin, stretched abdominal muscles, and increased amount of interstitial fluid in the extremities affecting sensory input are some of the numerous contributing factors to this process [2,3]. One in four pregnant women experience a fall event and more than 50% of these falls will result in injuries [4]. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - August 8, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Alessander Danna-Dos-Santos, Alessandra T. Magalhaes, Baldomero A. Silva, Biara S. Duarte, Glena L. Barros, Maria De F átima C. Silva, Cristiano S. Silva, Sambit Mohapatra, Adriana M. Degani, Vinicius S. Cardoso Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Postural threat influences the conscious perception of body position during voluntary leaning
Balance tasks can be generally divided into three functional categories: 1) maintaining equilibrium during free standing; 2) remaining upright during voluntary movements of the centre of mass (COM) and body segments; and 3) reactive balance responses during destabilizing forces. Within these tasks, reports suggest falls occur more often during routine daily activities or tasks, most of which involve voluntarily transferring or shifting the centre of gravity (COG) within or outside the base of support [1]. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - August 8, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Taylor W. Cleworth, J. Timothy Inglis, Mark G. Carpenter Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Kinematics and postural muscular activity during continuous oscillating platform movement in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy
Appropriate use of postural control strategies is required to stabilize balance and prevent falls. Typically, when faced with a small perturbation, balance is maintained through modulation of joint torques about the ankle. If a postural disturbance is larger, the center of mass must be kept within the confines of the base of support using larger movements about the hip. A large enough perturbation may require a step to avoid falling [1]. Having knowledge or previous experience of an upcoming perturbation, allows preparation for the postural disturbance by using anticipatory postural mechanisms [2 –4]. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - August 8, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Richard Mills, Danielle Levac, Heidi Sveistrup Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Real-time visual feedback about postural activity increases postural instability and visually induced motion sickness
It is possible to measure precisely the kinematics of postural activity, and to use these data to generate visual displays that provide real-time feedback about postural activity. Several studies have examined the effect of visual displays on the kinematics of standing posture, with mixed results. In some studies, real time visual displays have led to reduction in the spatial magnitude of body sway [1 –3]. In other studies, similar displays have had no effect on sway, or have been associated with increases in the spatial magnitude of sway [1,4–9]. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - August 8, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Ruixuan Li, Nicolette Peterson, Hannah J. Walter, Ruth Rath, Christopher Curry, Thomas A. Stoffregen Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Comparison the time to stabilization and activity of the lower extremity muscles during jump-landing in subjects with and without Genu Varum
Genu Varum deformity (GVD) is one of the most common lower extremity deformities that may alter the line of gravity (LOG) to compare the base of support (BOS) level which ultimately leads to disruption of the equilibrium index. In fact, the GVD can challenge the strategy of postural control during standing by changing the ground reaction force (GRF), and even alter the location of the center of the foot pressure (COP).1 Previous studies have reported that the incidence of GVD can increase the risks of anterior and posterior cruciate ligament (ACL& PCL), medial colateral ligament (MCL) and medial meniscus injuries. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - August 3, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Zahed Mantashloo, Mohsen Moradi, Amir Letafatkar Source Type: research
Fallers with Parkinson ’s disease exhibit restrictive trunk control during walking
Falls are a common feature of Parkinson ’s disease (PD). In fact, the rate of falls ranges between 50-70 % in individuals with PD [1–4], which is approximately twice that of community-dwelling older adults [4]. Individuals with PD are also nine times more likely to suffer from recurrent falls compared to older adults [2]. The greater instability and rate of falls are a concern because they suggest that individuals with PD are unable to react and initiate appropriate compensatory postural strategies with sufficient speed to break their falls [5]. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - August 3, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Deborah Jehu, Julie Nantel Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Sex-specific walking kinematics and kinetics in individuals with unilateral, symptomatic hip osteoarthritis: a cross sectional study
Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating musculoskeletal condition affecting up to one in four people over a lifetime [1] with a prevalence higher in women than men [2]. One of the leading causes of global disability [2], hip OA is associated with significant pain and disability [1] and altered biomechanics, specifically reduced hip flexion, adduction and internal rotation during walking [3 –5]. Preliminary evidence suggests that the cumulative magnitude of joint loading during walking, indirectly measured by the external hip adduction moment (HAM) [6], is related to disease progression [7]. (Source: Gait and Posture)
Source: Gait and Posture - August 1, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: Kim Allison, Michelle Hall, Tim V. Wrigley, Yong-Hao Pua, Ben Metcalf, Kim L. Bennell Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Gender and Limb Differences in Temporal Gait Parameters and Gait Variability in Ankle Osteoarthritis
Ankle osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive disease that leads to pain, disability, and compensatory gait patterns that are easily observed in clinical settings but difficult to quantify [1,2]. Ankle OA is already known to lead to deficiencies in spatiotemporal parameters, limited range of motion at the ankle, asymmetric force distribution between the affected and unaffected limbs, ankle power reduction, and decreased walking speed [3]. When observed qualitatively and subjectively in a clinical setting these gait patterns are often referred to as antalgic gait, a binary report of which is included in disability scores [4,5]...
Source: Gait and Posture - August 1, 2018 Category: Orthopaedics Authors: C.N. Hughes-Oliver, D Srinivasan, D Schmitt, R.M. Queen Source Type: research
