Identification of mitophagy-related biomarkers in human osteoporosis based on a machine learning model
Conclusion: Mitophagy plays an important role in the development of osteoporosis. The identification of three mitophagy-related genes may contribute to the early diagnosis, mechanism research and treatment of OP. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 8, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Enlarged colony housing promotes linear progression of subchondral bone remodeling in joint instability rat models
Conclusion: Increased movement of animals in colony cages leads to robust structural changes in subchondral bone after surgically induced joint instability over time, while in regular Type IV housing maximal changes are reached in week twelve. The new insights into the differentiation of the models, particularly with respect to the linear progression of bone changes in ACLT+pMx in the RCC, may be useful for the design of chronic OA-studies within a longer lifespan and therefore supporting the development of novel therapies. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 8, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Comparisons of heart rate variability responses to head-up tilt with and without abdominal and lower-extremity compression in healthy young individuals: a randomized crossover study
Conclusion: Comparative analyses revealed that abdominal and lower-extremity compression has a notable impact on the compensatory sympathetic activation and vagal withdrawal typically observed during orthostasis, resulting in a reduction of the increase in heart rate. Furthermore, this decrease in heart rate was primarily attributed to the attenuation of cardiac sympathetic activity associated with compression. Our findings could contribute to the appropriate application of compression therapy for preventing orthostatic tachycardia. This study is registered with UMIN000045179. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 8, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Unraveling the “golden ratio”: a pilot study investigating acute-to-chronic workload ratio in breast cancer patients undergoing active treatment
This study retrospectively investigated the relationship between maintained training load within a defined range and physical and health outcomes of ten breast cancer patients during active anticancer treatment who underwent a 12-week exercise program. Intervention consisted of endurance and resistance training, three times a week, with each session lasting 30–45 min. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks after enrollment, evaluating physical function (6-min walk test–6MWT, and sit-to-stand), muscle strength, body composition, sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index–Pittsburgh Sleep Quality In...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 8, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Comparison of effects of modafinil and caffeine on fatigue-vulnerable and fatigue-resistant aircrew after a limited period of sleep deprivation
This study, which is part of a larger randomized controlled clinical trial, aims to investigate the effect of caffeine and modafinil on fatigue-resistant and -vulnerable pilots.Methods: This study included 32 healthy employees of the Royal Netherlands Air Force, who completed three test days, separated by at least 7 days. After a regular work day, the subjects were randomly administered either 300 mg caffeine, 200 mg modafinil or placebo at midnight. Hereafter the subjects performed the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT), vigilance and tracking test (VigTrack) and Stanford sleepiness scale (SSS) six times until 8 a.m. the...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 8, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Investigating G-protein coupled receptor signalling with light-emitting biosensors
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most frequent target of currently approved drugs and play a central role in both physiological and pathophysiological processes. Beyond the canonical understanding of GPCR signal transduction, the importance of receptor conformation, beta-arrestin (β-arr) biased signalling, and signalling from intracellular locations other than the plasma membrane is becoming more apparent, along with the tight spatiotemporal compartmentalisation of downstream signals. Fluorescent and bioluminescent biosensors have played a pivotal role in elucidating GPCR signalling events in live cells. To und...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 8, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Differences in the microbiome of the small intestine of Leghorn lines divergently selected for antibody titer to sheep erythrocytes suggest roles for commensals in host humoral response
For forty generations, two lines of White Leghorn chickens have been selected for high (HAS) or low (LAS) antibody response to a low dose injection of sheep red blood cells (SRBCs). Their gut is home to billons of microorganisms and the largest number of immune cells in the body; therefore, the objective of this experiment was to gain understanding of the ways the microbiome may influence the differential antibody response observed in these lines. We achieved this by characterizing the small intestinal microbiome of HAS and LAS chickens, determining their functional microbiome profiles, and by using machine learning to ide...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 8, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Noninvasive characterization of peripheral sympathetic activation across sensory stimuli using a peripheral arterial stiffness index
This study valorizes a noninvasive method to characterize peripheral sympathetic activation, with the potential to use this index to continuously and accurately track sympathetic activators. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 8, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Analysis of risk factors for acute pancreatitis complicated with pancreatic sinistral portal hypertension and construction of predictive model
Conclusion: Male sex, splenic-vein stenosis or occlusion, recurrent AP, and swelling are located in the body-tail, and MCTSI is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of PSPH. The predictive model developed for AP complicated with PSPH may serve toward developing preventive and therapeutic approaches for PSPH. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 8, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Turkey hen sperm storage tubule transcriptome response to artificial insemination and the presence of semen
Discussion: This work provides insights into the molecular level changes of the SST in response to insemination as well as to the presence of semen. Results from this study may have direct implications on fertility rates as well as potential strategies for avian semen cryopreservation protocols. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 8, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Active vitamin D increases myogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells via a vitamin D response element on the myogenin promoter
Conclusion: Active VD directly increases myogenin transcription via a functional VDRE on the myogenin promoter, resulting in increased myogenic differentiation, increased expression of both the early and late MHC isoforms, and also increased myotube size. These results highlight the importance of VD status during pregnancy for normal myogenesis to occur, but further in vivo work is needed. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 8, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Construction of a police physical evaluation model and standards based on law enforcement ability
Conclusion: A practical police physical fitness evaluation model can effectively evaluate the level of police physical fitness development, and the evaluation standards can provide an effective basis for a practical police physical fitness evaluation. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 8, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Differential impact of heat and hypoxia on dynamic oxygen uptake and deoxyhemoglobin parameters during incremental exhaustive exercise
Conclusion: Incremental exhaustive exercise in hypoxic environment and high temperature and humidity environments inhibits gas exchange and oxygen supply to skeletal muscle tissue in athletes. For athletes, the accelerated deoxygenation response of skeletal muscles during incremental exhaustive exercise in high temperature and humidity environments, as well as the excessive deoxygenation response before BP of deoxyhemoglobin in hypoxic environment, may be contributing factors to peripheral fatigue under different environmental conditions. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 8, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
The sex effect on balance control while standing on vestibular-demanding tasks with/without vestibular simulations: implication for sensorimotor training for future space missions
Conclusion: The findings in the present study clearly revealed the necessity to take sex effect into consideration while standing in vestibular-perturbed or/and vestibular demanding tasks. Also, the results in the present study could be a fundamental reference for future sensorimotor training. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 8, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Revving the engine: PKB/AKT as a key regulator of cellular glucose metabolism
Glucose metabolism is of critical importance for cell growth and proliferation, the disorders of which have been widely implicated in cancer progression. Glucose uptake is achieved differently by normal cells and cancer cells. Even in an aerobic environment, cancer cells tend to undergo metabolism through glycolysis rather than the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Disordered metabolic syndrome is characterized by elevated levels of metabolites that can cause changes in the tumor microenvironment, thereby promoting tumor recurrence and metastasis. The activation of glycolysis-related proteins and transcription factors is ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 8, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
