Higher rating of perceived exertion and lower perceived recovery following a graded exercise test during menses compared to non-bleeding days in untrained females
Conclusion: The untrained female participants perceived greater exertion during GXT and impaired recovery following GXT in EF compared to O and ML. These results may be attributed to either a drop in female sex hormone concentrations or discomfort associated with menses. The male participants did not exhibit any changes over time. Future studies using subjective parameters such as perceived exertion to track the internal load of training in the naturally menstruating female population should consider menses. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 11, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Overexpression of ameloblastin in secretory ameloblasts results in demarcated, hypomineralized opacities in enamel
In this study, enamel formation in mice was analyzed when transgenic Ambn was overexpressed from the amelogenin promoter encoding full-length Ambn. Ambn was under- and overexpressed at six increasing concentrations in separate mouse lines.Results: Mice overexpressing Ambn displayed opaque enamel at low concentrations and demarcated lesions at high concentrations. The severity of enamel lesions increased starting from the inner enamel close to the dentino-enamel junction (DEJ) to span the entire width of the enamel layer in demarcated areas. Associated with the opaque enamel were 17-kDa Ambn cleavage products, a prolonged s...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 11, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Silencing of crustacean hyperglycemic hormone gene expression reveals the characteristic energy and metabolic changes in the gills and epidermis of crayfish Procambarus clarkii
This study employed CHH dsRNA injections to silence CHH gene expression in Procambarus clarkii, followed by a metabolomic analysis of the gills and epidermis using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Metabolic profiling through principal component analysis revealed the most pronounced changes at 24 h post-injection (hpi) in the epidermis and at 48 hpi in the gills. At 24 hpi, the epidermis exhibited significant modulation in 25 enrichment sets and 20 KEGG pathways, while at 48 hpi, 5 metabolite sets and 6 KEGG pathways were prominently regulated. Notably, pathways associated with amino acid metabolism, carbohydrat...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 10, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Constitutive expression of spliced X-box binding protein 1 inhibits dentin formation in mice
In conclusion, these results support that sustained production of XBP1S adversely affected odontoblast function and dentin formation. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 10, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
SREBPs as the potential target for solving the polypharmacy dilemma
The phenomenon of polypharmacy is a common occurrence among older people with multiple health conditions due to the rapid increase in population aging and the popularization of clinical guidelines. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is growing quickly, representing a serious threat to both the public and the worldwide healthcare systems. In addition, it enhances the risk of cardiovascular disease as well as mortality and morbidity. Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors that transcriptionally modulate genes that regulate lipid biosynthesis and u...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 10, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Utilizing NMR fecal metabolomics as a novel technique for detecting the physiological effects of food shortages in waterfowl
In this study, we utilized fecal metabolomics to measure metabolites and identify pathways related to a 6-day feed restriction in captive mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos, n = 9). Fecal samples were collected before (baseline) and during feed restriction (treatment). H1 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was performed to identify metabolites. We found that fecal metabolite profiles could be used to distinguish between the feed-restricted and baseline samples. We identified metabolites related to pathways for energy production and metabolism endpoints, and metabolites indicative of gut microbiota changes. We als...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 10, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Minimal circuit motifs for second-order conditioning in the insect mushroom body
In well-established first-order conditioning experiments, the concurrence of a sensory cue with reinforcement forms an association, allowing the cue to predict future reinforcement. In the insect mushroom body, a brain region central to learning and memory, such associations are encoded in the synapses between its intrinsic and output neurons. This process is mediated by the activity of dopaminergic neurons that encode reinforcement signals. In second-order conditioning, a new sensory cue is paired with an already established one that presumably activates dopaminergic neurons due to its predictive power of the reinforcemen...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 10, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Optical sensing and control of T cell signaling pathways
T cells regulate adaptive immune responses through complex signaling pathways mediated by T cell receptor (TCR). The functional domains of the TCR are combined with specific antibodies for the development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. In this review, we first overview current understanding on the T cell signaling pathways as well as traditional methods that have been widely used for the T cell study. These methods, however, are still limited to investigating dynamic molecular events with spatiotemporal resolutions. Therefore, genetically encoded biosensors and optogenetic tools have been developed to s...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 10, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Profiles of Wnt pathway gene expression during tooth morphogenesis
Mouse and human genetic studies indicate key roles of the Wnt10a ligand in odontogenesis. Previous studies have identified effectors and regulators of the Wnt signaling pathway actively expressed during key stages of tooth morphogenesis. However, limitations in multiplexing and spatial resolution hindered a more comprehensive analysis of these signaling molecules. Here, profiling of transcriptomes using fluorescent multiplex in situ hybridization and single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) provide robust insight into the synchronized expression patterns of Wnt10a, Dkk1, and Sost simultaneously during tooth development. Firs...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 10, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Stem cell therapy for heart failure in the clinics: new perspectives in the era of precision medicine and artificial intelligence
Stem/progenitor cells have been widely evaluated as a promising therapeutic option for heart failure (HF). Numerous clinical trials with stem/progenitor cell-based therapy (SCT) for HF have demonstrated encouraging results, but not without limitations or discrepancies. Recent technological advancements in multiomics, bioinformatics, precision medicine, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML) provide new approaches and insights for stem cell research and therapeutic development. Integration of these new technologies into stem/progenitor cell therapy for HF may help address: 1) the technical challenges to obt...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 9, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Regulation of feeding dynamics by the circadian clock, light and sex in an adult nocturnal insect
Animals invest crucial resources in foraging to support development, sustenance, and reproduction. Foraging and feeding behaviors are rhythmically expressed by most insects. Rhythmic behaviors are modified by exogenous factors like temperature and photoperiod, and internal factors such as the physiological status of the individual. However, the interactions between these factors and the circadian clock to pattern feeding behavior remains elusive. As Drosophila, a standard insect model, spends nearly all its life on food, we rather chose to focus on the adults of a non-model insect, Agrotis ipsilon, a nocturnal cosmopolitan...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 9, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Diagnostic performance of GcfDNA in kidney allograft rejection: a meta-analysis
In this comprehensive meta-analysis, our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of graft-derived cell-free DNA (GcfDNA) in kidney allograft rejection and explore associated factors. We conducted a thorough search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases, spanning from their inception to September 2022. Statistical analysis was executed utilizing Stata 15, Meta-DiSc 1.4, and Review Manager 5.4 software. The combined pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and the area under the summary receiver operating characteri...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 9, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Assessment of inter-individual variability in hamstring muscle recovery after a sport-specific sprint training in women and men
Conclusion: There is inter-individual variability in the muscular response to a sport-specific RST, identifiable by MVIC torque assessment. The findings support that the 90°hip:20°kneetest is a powerful indirect test to screen hamstrings recovery in both women and men, in a cost-effective way. However, the Jurdan test might not be able to monitor hamstrings recovery in sportswomen after RST. Decreases in muscle capacity are linked to damage to muscle sarcolemma and mitochondria until 72 h post-exercise. Overall, 72 h will not be adequate time to restore hamstrings structure and function after a sport-specific RST in bo...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 9, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Transcriptome analysis and immune gene expression of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fed diets with inclusion of frass from black soldier fly larvae
In this study, we subjected channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) to a 10-week feeding trial to assess how different dietary amounts of frass inclusion would affect both systemic and mucosal tissue gene expression, especially in regard to growth and immune-related genes. Fish were divided in quadruplicate aquaria, and five experimental diets comprising 0, 50, 100, 200, and 300 g of frass per kilogram of feed were fed twice daily. At the end of the trial, liver, head kidney, gill, and intestine samples were collected for gene expression analyses. First, liver and intestine samples from fish fed with a no frass inclusion di...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 9, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Contribution of membrane-associated oscillators to biological timing at different timescales
Environmental rhythms such as the daily light-dark cycle selected for endogenous clocks. These clocks predict regular environmental changes and provide the basis for well-timed adaptive homeostasis in physiology and behavior of organisms. Endogenous clocks are oscillators that are based on positive feedforward and negative feedback loops. They generate stable rhythms even under constant conditions. Since even weak interactions between oscillators allow for autonomous synchronization, coupling/synchronization of oscillators provides the basis of self-organized physiological timing. Amongst the most thoroughly researched clo...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 9, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
