Interaction between the microbiota and the skin barrier in aging skin: a comprehensive review
The interplay between the microbes and the skin barrier holds pivotal significance in skin health and aging. The skin and gut, both of which are critical immune and neuroendocrine system, harbor microbes that are kept in balance. Microbial shifts are seen with aging and may accelerate age-related skin changes. This comprehensive review investigates the intricate connection between microbe dynamics, skin barrier, and the aging process. The gut microbe plays essential roles in the human body, safeguarding the host, modulating metabolism, and shaping immunity. Aging can perturb the gut microbiome which in turn accentuates inf...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 19, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Non-coding RNA regulation of Magang geese skeletal muscle maturation via the MAPK signaling pathway
Skeletal muscle is a critical component of goose meat and a significant economic trait of geese. The regulatory roles of miRNAs and lncRNAs in the maturation stage of goose skeletal muscle are still unclear. Therefore, this study conducted experiments on the leg muscles of Magang geese at two stages: 3-day post-hatch (P3) and 3 months (M3). Morphological observations revealed that from P3 to M3, muscle fibers mainly underwent hypertrophy and maturation. The muscle fibers became thicker, nuclear density decreased, and nuclei moved towards the fiber edges. Additionally, this study analyzed the expression profiles of lncRNAs,...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 19, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Compartment-based reconstruction of acquisition-weighted 31P cardiac MRSI reduces sensitivity to cardiac motion and scan planning
Discussion: The experimental benefits of the SLAM reconstruction for AW data were demonstrated by the improvements in fit confidence and repeatability seen in the healthy volunteer cohort and post hoc FOV analysis. The benefit of SLAM reconstruction of AW data for clinical studies was then illustrated by the patient cohort, which suggested improved sensitivity to clinically significant changes in the PCr/ATP ratio. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 19, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
A 16-week school-based intervention improves physical fitness in Slovenian children: a randomized controlled trial
Discussion: The results of the study showed that the extracurricular program with only two additional weekly sessions significantly improved the components of PF in 8- to 9-year olds. Significant improvements were observed in the areas of flexibility, speed and coordination, as shown in the SAR test, 30-meter sprint and 1.0-meter handwall toss tests. However, no similar improvements were observed in the 2.0-meter handwall toss, which illustrates the specific areas of impact of the program. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 18, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Insights into the differences related to the resistance mechanisms to the highly toxic fruit Hippomane mancinella (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae) between the larvae of the sister species Anastrepha acris and Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) through comparative transcriptomics
The Manchineel, Hippomane mancinella (“Death Apple Tree”) is one of the most toxic fruits worldwide and nevertheless is the host plant of the monophagous fruit fly species Anastrepha acris (Diptera: Tephritidae). Here we aimed at elucidating the detoxification mechanisms in larvae of A. acris reared on a diet enriched with the toxic fruit (6% lyophilizate) through comparative transcriptomics. We compared the performance of A. acris larvae with that of the sister species A. ludens, a highly polyphagous pest species that is unable to infest H. mancinella in nature. The transcriptional alterations in A. ludens were signif...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 18, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
High-accuracy prediction of colorectal cancer chemotherapy efficacy using machine learning applied to gene expression data
Discussion: For the CRC GEO dataset samples from patients who received either FOLFOX or FOLFIRI, validation and test sets were >90% correctly classified (accuracy), with specificity and sensitivity ranging between 85%-95%. In the datasets used from the GEO database, 28.6% of patients who failed the treatment therapy they received are predicted to benefit from the alternative treatment. Analysis of the gene signature suggests the mechanistic difference between colorectal cancers that respond and those that do not respond to FOLFOX and FOLFIRI. Application of this machine learning approach could lead to improvements in tr...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 18, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Effect of different postures and loads on joint motion and muscle activity in older adults during overhead retrieval
Conclusion: These results help to optimise the design of hanging cabinet furniture. Regarding the height of hanging cabinets, 180 cm or less is required for regular retrieval movements if the human height is less than 150 cm. Concerning the depth of the hanging cabinets, different heights chose different comfort distances, which translated into the depth of the hanging cabinets; the greater the height, the greater the depth of the hanging cabinets to use. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 18, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
The ultrasound-based cardiac output monitoring is a useful tool to define baseline hemodynamic parameters in healthy permanent residents at high altitude: results of a monocentric pilot study
Previous studies on the cardiac data of healthy permanent residents living in high-altitude regions such as Tibet and the Andes have yielded inconsistent findings and significant disparities. These discrepancies can be mainly attributed to the invasive methods conventionally used for parameter evaluation. However, with the introduction of cutting-edge ultrasound technology, there is now an innovative approach to addressing and reconciling these variations. In this pilot study, we employed an ultrasound-based cardiac output monitoring (USCOM) device to evaluate cardiac output and related hemodynamic variables in a group of ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 17, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Melanoma skin cancer detection using mask-RCNN with modified GRU model
Introduction: Melanoma Skin Cancer (MSC) is a type of cancer in the human body; therefore, early disease diagnosis is essential for reducing the mortality rate. However, dermoscopic image analysis poses challenges due to factors such as color illumination, light reflections, and the varying sizes and shapes of lesions. To overcome these challenges, an automated framework is proposed in this manuscript.Methods: Initially, dermoscopic images are acquired from two online benchmark datasets: International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC) 2020 and Human against Machine (HAM) 10000. Subsequently, a normalization technique is em...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 16, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Clinical effects and biological mechanisms of exercise on lumbar disc herniation
Lumbar Disc Herniation (LDH) is a syndrome in which lumbar disc degeneration, rupture of the annulus fibrosus, and herniation of the nucleus pulposus irritate and compress the nerve roots and cauda equina, resulting in the main manifestations of lumbar pain and/or lower extremity pain. There is evidence in various clinical areas that exercise is effective in treating LDH, and exercise intervention for more than 2 weeks reduces disease activity in LDH. However, the mechanism of exercise’s action in reducing disease activity in LDH is unclear. In this article, we first summarize and highlight the effectiveness of exercise...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 16, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Delaying early morning workouts to protect sleep in two-a-day athletes
Two-a-day training is common for endurance athletes with training sessions typically beginning at 6 a.m. and 3 p.m. or 4 p.m. However, the early morning workouts could contribute to significant sleep loss, especially for night owls. Chronic sleep loss over a season could result in impaired performance, as well as an increased risk of physical and mental illness. It is hypothesized that shifting the early morning workout to later in the day could have beneficial effects for these athletes. A number of obstacles could make this hypothesis difficulty to test and implement. However, such a change could have dramatic benefits f...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 16, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Effect of dry dynamic apnea on aerobic power in elite rugby athletes: a warm-up method
Conclusion: This study investigates how DA influences physiological factors such as spleen contraction, oxygen uptake, and sympathetic nerve activation compared to traditional warm-up methods. Immediate improvements in aerobic power suggest reduced vagus nerve stimulation, heightened sympathetic activity, and alterations in respiratory metabolism induced by the voluntarily hypoxia-triggered warm-up. Further research is warranted to comprehensively understand these physiological responses and optimize warm-up strategies for elite athletic performance. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 16, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Analysis of metabolite and strain effects on cardiac cross-bridge dynamics using model linearisation techniques
In this study, model linearisation techniques were used to simulate and interrogate the complex modulus of an ODE-based model of cross-bridge kinetics. Active complex moduli were measured from permeabilised rat cardiac trabeculae under five different metabolite conditions with varying ATP and Pi concentrations. Sensitivity to metabolites was incorporated into an existing three-state cross-bridge model using either a direct dependence or a rapid equilibrium approach. Combining the two metabolite binding methods with all possible locations of strain dependence within the cross-bridge cycle produced 64 permutations of the cro...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 16, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Monitoring functional immune responses with a cytokine release assay: ISS flight hardware design and experimental protocol for whole blood cultures executed under microgravity conditions
Discussion: The resultant data promises to offer a more accurate understanding of the stress-induced neuroendocrine modulation of immunity during space travel providing valuable insights for the scientific community. Furthermore, the versatile nature of the RT suggests its potential utility as a testing platform for various other assays or sample types. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 15, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Research advances in the application of metabolomics in exercise science
Exercise training can lead to changes in the metabolic composition of an athlete’s blood, the magnitude of which depends largely on the intensity and duration of exercise. A variety of behavioral, biochemical, hormonal, and immunological biomarkers are commonly used to assess an athlete’s physical condition during exercise training. However, traditional invasive muscle biopsy testing methods are unable to comprehensively detect physiological differences and metabolic changes in the body. Metabolomics technology is a high-throughput, highly sensitive technique that provides a comprehensive assessment of changes in small...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 15, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
