Oxidative stress and ion channels in neurodegenerative diseases
Numerous neurodegenerative diseases result from altered ion channel function and mutations. The intracellular redox status can significantly alter the gating characteristics of ion channels. Abundant neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress have been documented, including Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, spinocerebellar ataxia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species compounds trigger posttranslational alterations that target specific sites within the subunits responsible for channel assembly. These alterations include the adjustment of cysteine residu...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 29, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Chronic hypoxia disrupts T regulatory cell phenotype contributing to the emergence of exTreg-TH17 cells
The imbalance between pro-inflammatory T helper 17 (TH17) cells and anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells (Tregs) has been implicated in multiple inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, but the effects of chronic hypoxia (CH) on this balance have yet to be explored. CH-exposed mice have an increased prevalence of TH17 cells in the lungs with no change in Tregs. This imbalance is significant because it precedes the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH), and TH17 cells are a major contributor to CH-induced PH. While Tregs have been shown to attenuate or prevent the development of certain types of PH through activation an...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 29, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome in relation to hemodynamic findings and immunological factors
This study confirms the high prevalence of GI symptoms in POTS. More pronounced tachycardia upon tilt table testing seems to be inversely correlated with severity of chronic GI symptoms in POTS. This study did not support the hypothesis that POTS is associated with immunological factors. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 29, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Abnormal urodynamic changes in post-upper urinary tract dysfunction in ureteral obstruction rat models
Conclusion: The study observed that morphological and electrophysiological changes in the upper urinary tract may be important mechanisms of abnormal UUTU. Increased expression of the Piezo1 may be a new molecular mechanism of abnormal urodynamics after UUTD. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 29, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
The role of mitophagy in metabolic diseases and its exercise intervention
This article reviews the role of mitophagy in metabolic diseases, the effects of exercise on mitophagy, and the potential mechanisms of exercise-regulated mitophagy intervention in metabolic diseases, providing new insights for future basic and clinical research on exercise interventions to prevent and treat metabolic diseases. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 29, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Understanding bovine embryo elongation: a transcriptomic study of trophoblastic vesicles
Conclusion: Differences between TVs and EET likely result from multiple factors, including a reduction in the length and signaling capabilities of TVs, delayed elongation from inadequate uterine signals, and modified crosstalk between the conceptus and the uterus. These findings confirm that close coordination between uterine, embryonic, and extra-embryonic tissues is required to orchestrate proper elongation and, based on the partial differentiation observed, raise questions about the presence/absence of certain developmental cues or even their asynchronies. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 29, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Adherence to exercise after an acute coronary syndrome: a 6-month randomized controlled trial
Conclusion: Compared with the use of traditional methods, the use of novel technology at home results in better adherence to exercise, particularly in resistance training, in acute coronary syndrome patients. Second, the VAPA group showed improved cardiac vagal regulation, documented by increased vagally mediated R-R interval fluctuation, compared with the traditional training group (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03704025). (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 26, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Below or all the way to the peak? Oxygen uptake efficiency slope as the index of cardiorespiratory response to exercise —the NOODLE study
Conclusion: OUES enables an accurate prediction of peak cardiorespiratory fitness in elite endurance athletes. OUES is a feasible alternative to maximal exercise testing. A new prediction equation should be used for highly trained individuals. Physicians should understand OUES physiology to properly assess the cardiorespiratory response to exercise in athletic cohorts. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 26, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
AI algorithm for personalized resource allocation and treatment of hemorrhage casualties
A deep neural network-based artificial intelligence (AI) model was assessed for its utility in predicting vital signs of hemorrhage patients and optimizing the management of fluid resuscitation in mass casualties. With the use of a cardio-respiratory computational model to generate synthetic data of hemorrhage casualties, an application was created where a limited data stream (the initial 10 min of vital-sign monitoring) could be used to predict the outcomes of different fluid resuscitation allocations 60 min into the future. The predicted outcomes were then used to select the optimal resuscitation allocation for various...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 25, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Does elite European match-play affect salivary immunoglobulin-A and cortisol in soccer players? The influence of playing status and match outcome
Discussion: The present study suggests that in elite level soccer players, both starting status and match outcome influence s-IgA and s-Cort responses, particularly starters. Specifically, s-IgA was lower for starters before and after the match following successful outcomes. Moreover, higher s-Cort values were found before the match while lower values occurred after the match for starters in successful matches. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 25, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
A novel dilated contextual attention module for breast cancer mitosis cell detection
Conclusion: The DilCasNet achieved a favorable detection performance of mitotic cells in breast cancer and provides a solution for detecting mitotic cells in pathological images of other cancers. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 25, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Effects of yeast extract supplemented in diet on growth performance, digestibility, intestinal histology, and the antioxidant capacity of the juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)
An 8-week feeding experiment was conducted on the juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) to evaluate the influence of yeast extract (YE) supplementation in the diet on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, nutrient digestibility, intestinal histology, and antioxidant capacity. Four experimental diets were formulated with graded levels of yeast extract 0 (YE0), 1% (YE1), 3% (YE3), and 5% (YE5) and fed to turbots (initial body weight: 4.2 ± 0.1 g) with three replicates per diet and 200 fish in each replicate, respectively. The results showed that turbots fed with diets YE1 and YE3 displayed a significantl...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 24, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) produces lasting, sex-specific changes in rat body fat independent of changes in white blood cell composition
Early initiation of alcohol use during adolescence, and adolescent binge drinking are risk factors for the development of alcohol use disorder later in life. Adolescence is a time of rapid sex-dependent neural, physiological, and behavioral changes as well as a period of heightened vulnerability to many effects of alcohol. The goal of the present studies was to determine age-related changes in blood (leukocyte populations) and body composition across adolescence and early adulthood, and to investigate whether adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE) exposure would alter the trajectory of adolescent development on these broad ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 24, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Recording ten-fold larger IKr conductances with automated patch clamping using equimolar Cs+ solutions
Conclusion: Using equimolar Cs+ instead of K+ for IhERG measurements in an automated patch-clamp system gives rise to a new method by which, for example, quick scans can be performed on effects of drugs on hERG currents. This application is specifically relevant when such experiments are performed using cells which express small IKr current densities in combination with small membrane capacitances. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 24, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Through the wall human heart beat detection using single channel CW radar
Single-channel continuous wave (CW) radar is widely used and has gained popularity due to its simple architecture despite its inability to measure the range and angular location of the target. Its popularity arises in the industry due to the simplicity of the required components, the low demands on the sampling rate, and their low costs. Through-the-wall life signs detection using microwave Doppler Radar is an active area of research and investigation. Most of the work in the literature focused on utilizing multi-channel frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW), CW, and ultra-wideband (UWB) radar for their capability of ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 24, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
