Deep learning-based predictive model for pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer from biopsy pathological images: a multicenter study
Conclusion: Our study reveals that pathological images of HE-stained slices of pre-NAC biopsy tissues can be used to build a pCR prediction model. Combining pathological images and clinicopathological features can further enhance the predictive efficacy of the model. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 31, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Pulmonary nitric oxide in astronauts before and during long-term spaceflight
Discussion: The time courses of PENO50 suggest an initial airway inflammation, which gradually subsided. Our previous hypothesis of an increased uptake of NO to the blood by means of an expanded gas-blood interface in µG leading to decreased PENO50 is neither supported nor contradicted by the present findings. Baseline PENO50 values for lung health monitoring in astronauts should be obtained not only on ground but also during the relevant gravity conditions and before the possibility of inhaling toxic planetary dust. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 31, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Effects of low-volume functional and running high-intensity interval training on physical fitness in young adults with overweight/obesity
Conclusion: Twelve weeks of HIIT-R or HIIT-F improved physical fitness among young adults with overweight or obesity. Despite the similar impact on cardiorespiratory fitness, HIIT-F generates a better positive effect on muscular fitness relative to HIIT-R, which could be partly explained by the greater increase in lean mass after HIIT-F intervention. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 31, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

The role of BTG1 and BTG2 genes and their effects on insulin in poultry
(Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 31, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Impact of systemic hypoxia and blood flow restriction on mechanical, cardiorespiratory, and neuromuscular responses to a multiple-set repeated sprint exercise
Discussion: Thus, this study indicates that power output during RSE is impaired in HYP and BFR and that BFR amplifies neuromuscular fatigue. In contrast, HYP did not impair neuromuscular function but enhanced the ventilatory response along with reduced oxygen consumption. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 31, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Editorial: Novel strategies targeting obesity and metabolic diseases, volume II
(Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 30, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Oxidative stress and ion channels in neurodegenerative diseases
Numerous neurodegenerative diseases result from altered ion channel function and mutations. The intracellular redox status can significantly alter the gating characteristics of ion channels. Abundant neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress have been documented, including Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, spinocerebellar ataxia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington’s disease. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species compounds trigger posttranslational alterations that target specific sites within the subunits responsible for channel assembly. These alterations include the adjustment of cysteine residu...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 29, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Chronic hypoxia disrupts T regulatory cell phenotype contributing to the emergence of exTreg-TH17 cells
The imbalance between pro-inflammatory T helper 17 (TH17) cells and anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells (Tregs) has been implicated in multiple inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, but the effects of chronic hypoxia (CH) on this balance have yet to be explored. CH-exposed mice have an increased prevalence of TH17 cells in the lungs with no change in Tregs. This imbalance is significant because it precedes the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH), and TH17 cells are a major contributor to CH-induced PH. While Tregs have been shown to attenuate or prevent the development of certain types of PH through activation an...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 29, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome in relation to hemodynamic findings and immunological factors
This study confirms the high prevalence of GI symptoms in POTS. More pronounced tachycardia upon tilt table testing seems to be inversely correlated with severity of chronic GI symptoms in POTS. This study did not support the hypothesis that POTS is associated with immunological factors. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 29, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Abnormal urodynamic changes in post-upper urinary tract dysfunction in ureteral obstruction rat models
Conclusion: The study observed that morphological and electrophysiological changes in the upper urinary tract may be important mechanisms of abnormal UUTU. Increased expression of the Piezo1 may be a new molecular mechanism of abnormal urodynamics after UUTD. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 29, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

The role of mitophagy in metabolic diseases and its exercise intervention
This article reviews the role of mitophagy in metabolic diseases, the effects of exercise on mitophagy, and the potential mechanisms of exercise-regulated mitophagy intervention in metabolic diseases, providing new insights for future basic and clinical research on exercise interventions to prevent and treat metabolic diseases. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 29, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Understanding bovine embryo elongation: a transcriptomic study of trophoblastic vesicles
Conclusion: Differences between TVs and EET likely result from multiple factors, including a reduction in the length and signaling capabilities of TVs, delayed elongation from inadequate uterine signals, and modified crosstalk between the conceptus and the uterus. These findings confirm that close coordination between uterine, embryonic, and extra-embryonic tissues is required to orchestrate proper elongation and, based on the partial differentiation observed, raise questions about the presence/absence of certain developmental cues or even their asynchronies. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 29, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Adherence to exercise after an acute coronary syndrome: a 6-month randomized controlled trial
Conclusion: Compared with the use of traditional methods, the use of novel technology at home results in better adherence to exercise, particularly in resistance training, in acute coronary syndrome patients. Second, the VAPA group showed improved cardiac vagal regulation, documented by increased vagally mediated R-R interval fluctuation, compared with the traditional training group (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03704025). (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 26, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

Below or all the way to the peak? Oxygen uptake efficiency slope as the index of cardiorespiratory response to exercise —the NOODLE study
Conclusion: OUES enables an accurate prediction of peak cardiorespiratory fitness in elite endurance athletes. OUES is a feasible alternative to maximal exercise testing. A new prediction equation should be used for highly trained individuals. Physicians should understand OUES physiology to properly assess the cardiorespiratory response to exercise in athletic cohorts. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 26, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research

AI algorithm for personalized resource allocation and treatment of hemorrhage casualties
A deep neural network-based artificial intelligence (AI) model was assessed for its utility in predicting vital signs of hemorrhage patients and optimizing the management of fluid resuscitation in mass casualties. With the use of a cardio-respiratory computational model to generate synthetic data of hemorrhage casualties, an application was created where a limited data stream (the initial 10 min of vital-sign monitoring) could be used to predict the outcomes of different fluid resuscitation allocations 60 min into the future. The predicted outcomes were then used to select the optimal resuscitation allocation for various...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - January 25, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research