Ultra weak photon emission —a brief review
Cells emit light at ultra-low intensities: photons which are produced as by-products of cellular metabolism, distinct from other light emission processes such as delayed luminescence, bioluminescence, and chemiluminescence. The phenomenon is known by a large range of names, including, but not limited to, biophotons, biological autoluminescence, metabolic photon emission and ultraweak photon emission (UPE), the latter of which shall be used for the purposes of this review. It is worth noting that the photons when produced are neither ‘weak’ nor specifically biological in characteristics. Research of UPE has a long yet t...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 14, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Editorial: Women in sports 2022
(Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 13, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Long-term space missions ’ effects on the human organism: what we do know and what requires further research
Space has always fascinated people. Many years have passed since the first spaceflight, and in addition to the enormous technological progress, the level of understanding of human physiology in space is also increasing. The presented paper aims to summarize the recent research findings on the influence of the space environment (microgravity, pressure differences, cosmic radiation, etc.) on the human body systems during short-term and long-term space missions. The review also presents the biggest challenges and problems that must be solved in order to extend safely the time of human stay in space. In the era of increasing e...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 13, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Optimization of training for professional rugby union players: investigating the impact of different small-sided games models on GPS-derived performance metrics
This study collected metrics related to running performance and mechanical workload and their relative values from both forward and back positions, aiming to explore the impact of different SSGs factors on athlete workload, as well as the workload difference between official games (OGs) and SSGs.Methods: The monitored GPS data were collected from SSGs with different player numbers and pitch sizes (five sessions), SSG rules (5 weeks, four sessions per week), and OGs conducted throughout the year. Additionally, the study compared changes in players’ sprinting performance before and after two SSG sessions.Results: Backs ha...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 12, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Salinity change evokes stress and immune responses in Atlantic salmon with microalgae showing limited potential for dietary mitigation
Smoltification was found to impact both immune and stress responses of farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), but little is known about how salinity change affects salmon months after completed smoltification. Here, we examined (1) the effect of salinity change from brackish water to seawater on the stress and immune responses in Atlantic salmon and (2) evaluated if functional diets enriched with microalgae can mitigate stress- and immune-related changes. Groups of Atlantic salmon were fed for 8 weeks with different microalgae-enriched diets in brackish water and were then transferred into seawater. Samples of the head kid...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 12, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease increases hepatocellular carcinoma risk in chronic hepatitis B patients: a retrospective cohort study
Conclusion: The presence of MASLD is associated with a higher risk of HCC in patients with CHB. Notably, this higher risk is present in patients with MASLD, irrespective of the presence or absence of overweight or the number of CMRFs they have. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 9, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Innovative in vivo rat model for global cerebral hypoxia: a new approach to investigate therapeutic and preventive drugs
In this study, 14 rats underwent 12 min of hypoxemia with an oxygen saturation of approximately 60% measured by pulse oximetry; thereafter, animals obtained sugammadex to antagonize rocuronium immediately.Results: Compared to controls (14 rats, anesthesia only), hypoxic animals demonstrated significant morphological alterations in the hippocampus (cell decrease in the CA 1 region) and the cerebellum (Purkinje cell decrease), as well as significant changes in hypoxia markers in blood (Hif2α, Il1β, Tgf1β, Tnfα, S100b, cspg2, neuron-specific enolase), hippocampus (Il1β, Tnfα, S100b, cspg2, NSE), and cerebellum (Hif1α,...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 9, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Editorial: Mechanical and genetic signaling in striated muscle development, aging and disease
(Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 9, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Walking around the preferred speed: examination of metabolic, perceptual, spatiotemporal and stability parameters
Walking is the most accessible and common type of physical activity. Exercising at one’s self-selected intensity could provide long-term benefits as compared to following prescribed intensities. The aim of this study was to simultaneously examine metabolic, perceptual, spatiotemporal and stability parameters at an absolute 3 km·h−1 speed range around the individual preferred walking speed (PWS). Thirty-four young sedentary adults (18 women) volunteered to walk at seven speeds relative to their PWS in 3-min trials interspaced with 3-min rest intervals. Results indicated a significant main effect of speed on all studie...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 9, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Editorial: Coaches ’ role in youth sports performance: early specialization versus long-term development
(Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 9, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Critical roles of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in olfactory memory formation and retrieval in crickets
Acetylcholine (ACh) is a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the insect central nervous system, and insect neurons express several types of ACh receptors (AChRs). AChRs are classified into two subgroups, muscarinic AChRs and nicotinic AChRs (nAChRs). nAChRs are also divided into two subgroups by sensitivity to α-bungarotoxin (α-BGT). The cricket Gryllus bimaculatus is one of the useful insects for studying the molecular mechanisms in olfactory learning and memory. However, the roles of nAChRs in olfactory learning and memory of the cricket are still unknown. In the present study, to investigate whether nAChRs are involv...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 9, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Making the case for resistance training in improving vascular function and skeletal muscle capillarization
Through decades of empirical data, it has become evident that resistance training (RT) can improve strength/power and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Yet, until recently, vascular outcomes have historically been underemphasized in RT studies, which is underscored by several exercise-related reviews supporting the benefits of endurance training on vascular measures. Several lines of evidence suggest large artery diameter and blood flow velocity increase after a single bout of resistance exercise, and these events are mediated by vasoactive substances released from endothelial cells and myofibers (e.g., nitric oxide). Weeks to ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 9, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Blood pressure fragmentation as a new measure of blood pressure variability: association with predictors of cardiac surgery outcomes
Conclusion: Preoperative BPF was significantly associated with preoperative predictors of cardiac surgical outcomes as well as with ICU LOS. Our findings encourage future studies of preoperative BPF for assessment of health status and risk stratification of surgical and non-surgical patients. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 9, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Comparative anatomy of the Sapajus sp. (bearded capuchin) hand with comments on tool use in a parallel evolution with the hominid pathway
Discussion: These findings suggest that bearded capuchins’ complex use of tools depends more heavily on their high cognitive abilities than on a versatile hand apparatus. These findings offer crucial insights into the evolution of primate cognition. (Source: Frontiers in Physiology)
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 9, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
Mitochondrial quality control alterations and placenta-related disorders
Mitochondria are ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells. Normal maintenance of function is the premise and basis for various physiological activities. Mitochondrial dysfunction is commonly observed in a wide range of pathological conditions, such as neurodegenerative, metabolic, cardiovascular, and various diseases related to foetal growth and development. The placenta is a highly energy-dependent organ that acts as an intermediary between the mother and foetus and functions to maintain foetal growth and development. Recent studies have demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with placental disorders. Defects in ...
Source: Frontiers in Physiology - February 8, 2024 Category: Physiology Source Type: research
