A novel role for myeloid cell-specific neuropilin 1 in mitigating sepsis [Research]
Sepsis—typically caused by an uncontrolled and amplified host systemic inflammatory response to microbial infection—is a life-threatening complex clinical disorder and remains a major cause of infection-related deaths in the intensive care unit. Emerging evidence suggests that neuropilin 1 (Nrp1), an originally defined coreceptor for class 3 semaphorins and VEGF, plays important roles in the immune system; however, the function and regulation of macrophage Nrp1 in host immune defense against bacterial infection remain unknown. To address this problem, we generated myeloid cell–specific Nrp1-knockout (Nrp1...
Source: FASEB Journal - June 29, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Dai, X., Okon, I., Liu, Z., Wu, Y., Zhu, H., Song, P., Zou, M.-H. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Loss of CD73 prevents accumulation of alternatively activated macrophages and the formation of prefibrotic macrophage clusters in irradiated lungs [Research]
While radiotherapy is a mainstay for cancer therapy, pneumonitis and fibrosis constitute dose-limiting side effects of thorax and whole body irradiation. So far, the contribution of immune cells to disease progression is largely unknown. Here we studied the role of ecto-5'-nucelotidase (CD73)/adenosine-induced changes in the myeloid compartment in radiation-induced lung fibrosis. C57BL/6 wild-type or CD73–/– mice received a single dose of whole thorax irradiation (WTI, 15 Gy). Myeloid cells were characterized in flow cytometric, histologic, and immunohistochemical analyses as well as RNA analyses. WTI induced a...
Source: FASEB Journal - June 29, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: de Leve, S., Wirsdörfer, F., Cappuccini, F., Schütze, A., Meyer, A. V., Röck, K., Thompson, L. F., Fischer, J. W., Stuschke, M., Jendrossek, V. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Noncoding miRNAs bridge virus infection and host autophagy in shrimp in vivo [Research]
In this study the viral infection (white spot syndrome virus, WSSV) correlated positively with the host autophagy in shrimp. Two host miRNAs (miR-71 and -13b) had significant effects on viral infection and host autophagy. MiR-71 regulated the viral infection and host autophagy by targeting the host calcification-associated peptide-1 (cap-1) gene. MiR-13b targeted the host knickkopf gene to simultaneously regulate viral infection and host autophagy. When the expressions of miR-71 and -13b were silenced in shrimp, the autophagy could not be induced by WSSV infection and the autophagy induction did not influence the virus rep...
Source: FASEB Journal - June 29, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: He, Y., Sun, Y., Zhang, X. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Loss of PINK1 leads to metabolic deficits in adult neural stem cells and impedes differentiation of newborn neurons in the mouse hippocampus [Research]
Emerging evidence suggests that mitochondrial dynamics regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). Although abnormal AHN has been linked to depression, anxiety, and cognitive dysfunction, which are features of neurodegenerative conditions, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), the impact of mitochondrial deficits on AHN have not been explored previously in a model of neurodegeneration. Here, we used PTEN-induced kinase 1–deficient (PINK1–/–) mice that lacked a mitochondrial kinase mutated in recessive familial PD. We show that mitochondrial defects, elevated glycolysis, and increased apoptosis are...
Source: FASEB Journal - June 29, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Agnihotri, S. K., Shen, R., Li, J., Gao, X., Büeler, H. Tags: Research Source Type: research
KCNQ-SMIT complex formation facilitates ion channel-solute transporter cross talk [Research]
Voltage-gated potassium channels formed by KCNQ2 and KCNQ3 are essential for normal neuronal excitability. KCNQ2/3 channel activity is augmented in vivo by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), which is generated from myo-inositol, an osmolyte transported into cells by sodium-dependent myo-inositol transporters (SMITs). Here, we discovered that KCNQ2/3 channels isoform-specifically colocalize with SMIT1 and SMIT2 at sciatic nerve nodes of Ranvier and in axon initial segments, and form channel–transporter complexes in vitro and in vivo. KCNQ2/3 coexpression protected SMIT1 activity from the otherwise inhibitor...
Source: FASEB Journal - June 29, 2017 Category: Biology Authors: Neverisky, D. L., Abbott, G. W. Tags: Research Source Type: research
