Brain capital, ecological development and sustainable environments
The importance of improving brain and mental health and developing sustainable environments is increasingly recognised. Understanding the syndemic interactions between these processes can help address contemporary societal challenges and foster global innovation. Here, we propose a green brain capital model that integrates environmental drivers of brain health and green skills necessary for long-term sustainability and discuss the role of interdisciplinary approaches in promoting individual and collective behavioural changes. We draw on existing literature and research to highlight the connections between brain health, env...
Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health - October 24, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ibanez, A., Eyre, H. Tags: Open access Perspective Source Type: research
Adjunctive agents to antipsychotics in schizophrenia: a systematic umbrella review and recommendations for amino acids, hormonal therapies and anti-inflammatory drugs
Conclusions
The results of this umbrella review should be interpreted with caution as the number of RCTs included in the meta-analyses was generally small and the effect sizes were weak or medium. For NAC, two RCTs with low risk of bias have provided conflicting results and the WFSBP-grade recommendation included also the results of meta-analyses. These drugs could be provisionally prescribed for patients for whom no other treatments have been effective, but they should be discontinued if they prove ineffective. (Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health)
Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health - October 18, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Fond, G., Mallet, J., Urbach, M., Benros, M. E., Berk, M., Billeci, M., Boyer, L., Correll, C. U., Fornaro, M., Kulkarni, J., Leboyer, M., Llorca, P.-M., Misdrahi, D., Rey, R., Schürhoff, F., Solmi, M., Sommer, I. E. C., Stahl, S. M., Pignon, B., Tags: Open access Adult mental health Source Type: research
Racialised staff-patient relationships in inpatient mental health wards: a realist secondary qualitative analysis of patient experience data
Conclusions
The culture of silence, non-reporting and power imbalances in inpatient wards perpetuated relational racialisation and prevented authentic feedback and staff–patient rapport.
Clinical implications
Racialisation in mental health trusts reflects lack of psychological safety which weakens staff–patient rapport and has implications for authentic patient engagement in feedback and quality improvement processes. Larger-scale studies are needed to investigate racialisation in the staff–patient relationships. (Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health)
Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health - October 18, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Hua, P., Shakoor, S., Fenton, S.-J., Freestone, M., Weich, S., Bhui, K. Tags: Open access Equality, diversity and inclusion Source Type: research
Individualisation, personalisation and person-centredness in mental healthcare: a scoping review of concepts and linguistic network visualisation
Conclusions and clinical implications
The use of individualisation, personalisation and person-centredness in mental healthcare is multifaceted. While individualisation was the most generic term, personalisation was often used in biomedical or technological studies. Person-centredness emerged as the most well-defined concept, with many frameworks often related to dementia care. We recommend that the use of these terms follows a clear definition within the context of their respective disorders, treatments or medical settings.
Scoping review registration
Open Science Framework: osf.io/uatsc. (Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health)
Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health - October 16, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mayer, G., Zafar, A., Hummel, S., Landau, F., Schultz, J.-H. Tags: Open access Ethics Source Type: research
Brain capital, ecological development and sustainable environments
The importance of improving brain and mental health and developing sustainable environments is increasingly recognised. Understanding the syndemic interactions between these processes can help address contemporary societal challenges and foster global innovation. Here, we propose a green brain capital model that integrates environmental drivers of brain health and green skills necessary for long-term sustainability and discuss the role of interdisciplinary approaches in promoting individual and collective behavioural changes. We draw on existing literature and research to highlight the connections between brain health, env...
Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health - October 13, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ibanez, A., Eyre, H. Tags: Open access Perspective Source Type: research
Trichotillomania: a perspective synthesised from neuroscience and lived experience
Trichotillomania, or hair-pulling disorder, is one of a family of disorders called body-focused repetitive behaviours (BFRBs), which also include disordered skin-picking (dermotillomania) and nail-biting (onychophagia). The disorders affect 1%–2% of the population, cause high levels of distress and have high levels of comorbidity with other psychiatric diagnoses. The key facts and figures are briefly reviewed and some important points are further explored: (1) BFRBs are associated with psychological distress, but are distinct from other diagnoses, (2) The pathological behaviours mirror excessive self-grooming behavio...
Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health - September 20, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mackay, C. E. Tags: Open access Perspective Source Type: research
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on antipsychotic prescribing in individuals with autism, dementia, learning disability, serious mental illness or living in a care home: a federated analysis of 59 million patients primary care records in situ using OpenSAFELY
Conclusion and implications
We observed a spike in antipsychotic prescribing in the dementia and care home groups, which correlated with lockdowns and was likely due to prescribing of antipsychotics for palliative care. We observed gradual increases in antipsychotic use in dementia and care home patients and decreases in their use in patients with learning disability or autism. (Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health)
Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health - September 15, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Macdonald, O., Green, A., Walker, A., Curtis, H., Croker, R., Brown, A., Butler-Cole, B., Andrews, C., Massey, J., Inglesby, P., Morton, C., Fisher, L., Morley, J., Mehrkar, A., Bacon, S., Davy, S., Evans, D., Dillingham, I., Ward, T., Hulme, W., Bates, C Tags: Open access, COVID-19 Pharmacological treatments Source Type: research
Understanding the causal relationships of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with mental disorders and suicide attempt: a network Mendelian randomisation study
Conclusions
This study suggests that ADHD is an independent risk factor for a number of common psychiatric disorders.
Clinical implications
The risk of comorbid psychiatric disorders in individuals with ADHD needs to be considered both in diagnosis and treatment. (Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health)
Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health - September 5, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Meisinger, C., Freuer, D. Tags: Open access, Press releases Genetics and genomics Source Type: research
Ecological monitoring of physical activity, emotions and daily life activities in schizophrenia: the DiAPAson study
Conclusions
Sedentary behaviour and negative emotions are particularly critical among patients with SSD and are associated with more impaired clinical outcomes.
Clinical implications
Mobile-EMA and wearable sensors are useful for monitoring the daily life of patients with SSD and the level of PA. This population needs to be targeted with specific rehabilitative programmes aimed at improving their commitment to structured daily activities. (Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health)
Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health - September 4, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Zarbo, C., Rota, M., Calza, S., Crouter, S. E., Ekelund, U., Barlati, S., Bussi, R., Clerici, M., Placenti, R., Paulillo, G., Pogliaghi, S., Rocchetti, M., Ruggeri, M., Starace, F., Zanolini, S., Zamparini, M., de Girolamo, G., DiAPAson Collaborators, Den Tags: Open access Adult mental health Source Type: research
Prevalence of sleep disorder diagnoses and sleep medication prescriptions in individuals with ADHD across the lifespan: a Swedish nationwide register-based study
Conclusions
Individuals with ADHD have a substantially increased risk of sleep disorder diagnoses and sleep medication prescriptions, from childhood into older adulthood.
Clinical implications
More clinical efforts are needed to tackle impairing sleep problems in individuals with ADHD via systematic sleep assessment, appropriate diagnosis, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Sleep medication use should be informed by sleep disorder diagnosis. (Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health)
Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health - September 1, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ahlberg, R., Garcia-Argibay, M., Taylor, M., Lichtenstein, P., D'Onofrio, B. M., Butwicka, A., Hill, C., Cortese, S., Larsson, H., Du Rietz, E. Tags: Open access Child and adolescent mental health Source Type: research
Depressive symptom networks in the UK general adolescent population and in those looked after by local authorities
Conclusions
Findings indicate that looked-after children’s depressive symptoms may be more affected by negative self-evaluation compared with the general population.
Clinical implications
Intervention efforts may benefit from being tailored to negative self-evaluations. (Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health)
Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health - September 1, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Schlechter, P., Ford, T., Neufeld, S. A. S. Tags: Open access Child and adolescent mental health Source Type: research
Genetic liability to bipolar disorder and onset of postpartum mental disorders
Introduction Childbirth triggers a broad range of diagnoses jointly defined as postpartum mental disorders (PMDs),1 but immediate onset within the first 30 days after delivery has been linked to an increased probability of converting to bipolar disorder (BD) diagnoses later.2 Building on these specific observations, we hypothesised that PMDs occurring within the first month after delivery have a higher bipolar genetic liability, measured as polygenic score (PGS), compared with those diagnosed 31–365 days post partum, and further speculated this association is specific to the PGS for BD compared with genetic liability...
Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health - August 28, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Munk-Olsen, T., Di Florio, A., Bergink, V., Agerbo, E., Madsen, K. B., Petersen, L. V., Liu, X. Tags: Open access Correspondence Source Type: research
Qualitative evidence regarding the experience of receiving and providing care for mental health conditions in non-specialist settings in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review of reviews
Conclusions
This review provides nuanced and contextualised insights regarding the experiences of receiving and providing care for mental health conditions in LMICs, including barriers influencing service provision and uptake. It is important to ensure mental healthcare in non-specialist settings in LMICs is delivered in a manner which is feasible, acceptable and culturally appropriate in order to improve access to care, reducing stigma and promoting better overall health and well-being for individuals and communities. (Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health)
Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health - August 23, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Gronholm, P. C., Makhmud, A., Barbui, C., Brohan, E., Chowdhary, N. Tags: Open access Psychosocial interventions Source Type: research
Development and validation of a dementia risk score in the UK Biobank and Whitehall II cohorts
Background
Current dementia risk scores have had limited success in consistently identifying at-risk individuals across different ages and geographical locations.
Objective
We aimed to develop and validate a novel dementia risk score for a midlife UK population, using two cohorts: the UK Biobank, and UK Whitehall II study.
Methods
We divided the UK Biobank cohort into a training (n=176 611, 80%) and test sample (n=44 151, 20%) and used the Whitehall II cohort (n=2934) for external validation. We used the Cox LASSO regression to select the strongest predictors of incident dementia from 28 candidate predictors and then dev...
Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health - August 21, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Anatürk, M., Patel, R., Ebmeier, K. P., Georgiopoulos, G., Newby, D., Topiwala, A., de Lange, A.-M. G., Cole, J. H., Jansen, M. G., Singh-Manoux, A., Kivimäki, M., Suri, S. Tags: Open access, Press releases Old age psychiatry Source Type: research
Effects of a culturally adapted counselling service for low-income ethnic minorities experiencing mental distress: a pragmatic randomised clinical trial
Conclusions
CAC clinically outperformed WL for mild and above-mild levels of mental distress in EMs.
Clinical implications
Making CAC routinely available for EMs in community settings can reduce healthcare burden.
Trial registration number
NCT04811170. (Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health)
Source: Evidence-Based Mental Health - August 18, 2023 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Suen, Y. N., Chen, E. Y. H., Wong, Y. C., Ng, W., Patwardhan, S., Cheung, C., Hui, C. L. M., Wong, S. M. Y., Wong, M. T. H., Mahtani, S. Tags: Open access Adult mental health Source Type: research
