Modulation of brain activity with transcranial direct current stimulation: Targeting regions implicated in impaired illness awareness in schizophrenia
ConclusionAlthough single-session tDCS did not improve illness awareness, this pilot study provides mechanistic justification for future investigations to determine if multi-session bi-parietal tDCS can induce sustained changes in brain activity in the PPA in association with improved illness awareness. (Source: European Psychiatry)
Source: European Psychiatry - July 20, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Eating behaviour, behavioural problems and sensory profiles of children with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), autistic spectrum disorders or picky eating: Same or different?
ConclusionsNotable overlap in eating difficulties, behavioural problems and sensory profiles of children with ARFID, ASD or PE, with more severe aberrations in ARFID (food-responsiveness) and ASD (hypersensitivity and social problems) on specific dimensions, argue for a dimensional approach to improve therapy and management of children with these disorders. (Source: European Psychiatry)
Source: European Psychiatry - July 14, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
The economic burden of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A sibling comparison cost analysis
ConclusionADHD is associated with considerable costs which are borne by both the individual and the state and underlines the need to consider the wider economic impact of ADHD beyond income and healthcare utilisation costs. (Source: European Psychiatry)
Source: European Psychiatry - July 8, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Suicide ideation severity is associated with severe suicide attempts in a military setting
ConclusionGreater severity of suicidal ideation was associated with more severe suicide attempts. The combination of male gender, available firearms and current severe suicide ideation is high-risk danger sign in a military setting, even when reported intent to die is low. (Source: European Psychiatry)
Source: European Psychiatry - July 8, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Lifestyles and the risk of depression in the “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” cohort
ConclusionsAdopting a healthy-lifestyle was associated with a lower risk of incident depression in the SUN cohort. This index, including ten simple healthy lifestyle habits, may be useful for a more integrative approach to depression prevention. (Source: European Psychiatry)
Source: European Psychiatry - June 30, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Olfactory neuroepithelium alterations and cognitive correlates in schizophrenia
ConclusionFresh ONE cells collected by nasal brushing might eventually represent a tool for diagnosing schizophrenia based upon markers of cell proliferation, which can be easily implemented as single-layer culture. Cell proliferation at passage 3 can be regarded as a promising proxy of cognitive functioning in schizophrenia. Future studies should replicate these findings, and may assess whether ONE alterations are there before onset of psychosis, serving as an early sign in patients with at risk mental state. (Source: European Psychiatry)
Source: European Psychiatry - June 29, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Impulsivity and cognitive distortions in different clinical phenotypes of gambling disorder: Profiles and longitudinal prediction of treatment outcomes
ConclusionsIndividuals with online and strategic GD phenotypes have heightened gambling related biases associated with premature treatment cessation and relapse. Findings suggest that these GD phenotypes may need tailored treatment approaches to reduce specific distortions and impulsive facets. (Source: European Psychiatry)
Source: European Psychiatry - June 29, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
A 12-month prospective study on the time to hospitalization and clinical management of a cohort of bipolar type I and schizoaffective bipolar patients
ConclusionsSAD patients relapse earlier with higher hospitalization rates and violent behavior during psychotic episodes whereas bipolar patients have more suicide attempts. Psychiatric/psychological follow-up visits may delay hospitalizations by closely monitoring symptoms of self- and hetero-aggression. (Source: European Psychiatry)
Source: European Psychiatry - June 29, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Autistic traits in individuals self-defining as transgender or nonbinary
ConclusionsA proportion of individuals seeking help and advice about gender identity will also present autistic traits and in some cases undiagnosed autism. Lower levels of empathy, diminished theory of mind ability and literalness may impede the delivery of effective support. Clinicians treating transgender and nonbinary individuals, should also consider whether clients, especially those assigned female at birth, have an undiagnosed ASD. (Source: European Psychiatry)
Source: European Psychiatry - June 29, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
The bidirectional causal relationships of insomnia with five major psychiatric disorders: A Mendelian randomization study
ConclusionsOur results suggest a causal role of insomnia in autism spectrum disorder and bipolar disorder. Future disease models should include insomnia as a factor for these two disorders to develop effective interventions. More detailed mechanism studies may also be inspired by this causal inference. (Source: European Psychiatry)
Source: European Psychiatry - June 23, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Computational comparison of conventional and novel electroconvulsive therapy electrode placements for the treatment of depression
Publication date: August 2019Source: European Psychiatry, Volume 60Author(s): Siwei Bai, Donel Martin, Tianruo Guo, Socrates Dokos, Colleen LooAbstractBackgroundElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly effective treatment for severe psychiatric disorders. Despite its high efficacy, the use of ECT would be greater if the risk of cognitive side effects were reduced. Over the last 20 years, developments in ECT technique, including improvements in the dosing methodology and modification of the stimulus waveform, have allowed for improved treatment methods with reduced adverse cognitive effects. There is increasing evidence ...
Source: European Psychiatry - June 23, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Latent class analysis identified phenotypes in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorder who engage in aggressive behaviour towards others
This study addressed these inconsistencies by applying latent class analysis (LCA) based on the most frequently explored variables in prior research. This novel case-centred methodology identified similarities and differences between the subjects contained in the sample instead of the variables explored. The LCA was performed on 71 variables taken from data on a previously unstudied sample of 370 case histories of offenders with SSD in a centre for inpatient forensic therapies in Switzerland. Results were compared with Hodgins’ theoretically postulated patient typologies and confirm three separate homogeneous classes of ...
Source: European Psychiatry - June 23, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
The associations between self-reported depression, self-reported chronic inflammatory conditions and cognitive abilities in UK Biobank
This study examined associations between self-reported depression and chronic inflammatory diseases and their interaction with cognitive performance in 456,748 participants of the UK Biobank, adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Numbers with available data ranged from 94,899 to 453,208 depending on the cognitive test.ResultsSelf-reported depression was associated with poorer performance compared to controls in several cognitive tests (fully adjusted models, reaction time: B = 6.08, 95% CI = 5.09, 7.07; pairs matching: incidence rate ratio = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.03; Trail Making Test B: B...
Source: European Psychiatry - June 1, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
Editorial board
Publication date: June 2019Source: European Psychiatry, Volume 59Author(s): (Source: European Psychiatry)
Source: European Psychiatry - May 26, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
How to design psychiatric facilities to foster positive social interaction – A systematic review
Publication date: August 2019Source: European Psychiatry, Volume 60Author(s): Nikolina Jovanović, Justin Campbell, Stefan PriebeAbstractPsychiatric facilities are often criticised of being poorly designed which may contribute to violent incidents and patients’ complaints of feeling bored and lacking meaningful interactions with peers and staff. There is a lack of understanding how to design environments for staff, patients and visitors to engage in positive social interactions (e.g. conversation, sharing, peer support). We conducted a systematic literature review on which architectural typologies and design solutions fa...
Source: European Psychiatry - May 19, 2019 Category: Psychiatry Source Type: research
