Misclassification of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Surveillance Estimates: Is Considering the Positive Predictive Value Enough?
Background: Validation studies estimating the positive predictive value (PPV) of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) have consistently suggested overreporting in hospital discharge records. However, few studies estimate the negative predictive value (NPV). Even slightly imperfect NPVs have the potential to bias estimated prevalences of rare outcomes like NAS. Given the challenges in estimating NPV, our objective was to evaluate whether the PPV was sufficient to understand the influence of NAS misclassification bias on conclusions of the NAS prevalence in surveillance research. Methods: We used hospital discharge ...
Source: Epidemiology - February 8, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Perinatal Epidemiology Source Type: research

Visual Acuity and the Risk of Cycling Injuries: Register-Based Cohort Study From Adolescence to Middle-age
Conclusions: In this cohort study, poorer vision was specifically associated with a higher rate of cycling injuries. (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - February 8, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Injury Epidemiology Source Type: research

Association Between Medical Diagnoses and Suicide in a Medicaid Beneficiary Population, North Carolina 2014–2017
Conclusion: Behavioral health diagnoses are important indicators of risk of suicide. However, these associations differ by means of suicide and sex, and associations for firearm-related suicide are weaker in men than women. (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - February 8, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Injury Epidemiology Source Type: research

State-Level Masking Mandates and COVID-19 Outcomes in the United States: A Demonstration of the Causal Roadmap
Conclusions: Although lack of identifiability prohibited causal interpretations, application of the Causal Roadmap facilitated estimation and inference of statistical associations, providing timely answers to pressing questions in the COVID-19 response. (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - February 8, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

A Cluster-based Method to Quantify Individual Heterogeneity in Tuberculosis Transmission
Conclusions: The proposed method can accurately quantify critical parameters that govern TB transmission using simple, more easily obtainable cluster data to improve our understanding of TB epidemiology. (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - February 8, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Surveillance-to-Diagnostic Testing Program for Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections on a Large, Urban Campus in Fall 2020
Conclusions: Owing to broad adoption by the campus community, we estimate that the program protected higher risk staff and faculty while allowing some normalization of education and research activities. (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - February 8, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

The Impact of Keeping Indoor Dining Closed on COVID-19 Rates Among Large US Cities: A Quasi-Experimental Design
Conclusions: Keeping indoor dining closed may be directly or indirectly associated with reductions in COVID-19 spread. Evidence of the relationship between indoor dining and COVID-19 case rates can inform policies to restrict indoor dining as a tailored strategy to reduce COVID-19 incidence. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B902. (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - February 8, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Observed Versus Expected COVID-19 Infections Among National Football League Players During the 2020 Season
Conclusions: The NFL/NFLPA protocols that governed team facilities, travel, gameday, and activities outside of the workplace were associated with lower infection rates among NFL players compared with the surrounding community. The NFL’s 2020–2021 season are consistent with the hypothesis that robust testing and behavioral protocols support a safe return to sport and work. (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - February 8, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Infectious Diseases Source Type: research

Urinary Cadmium and Incident Heart Failure: A Case–Cohort Analysis Among Never-Smokers in Denmark
Conclusions: In this cohort of people who never smoked tobacco, environmental cadmium was positively associated with incident heart failure, especially among men. (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - February 8, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Cardiovascular Disease Source Type: research

A Bayesian Multi-Outcome Analysis of Fine Particulate Matter and Cardiorespiratory Hospitalizations
Conclusions: We used a new statistical approach, MOReTreeS, to uncover variation in the association between short-term PM2.5 exposure and hospitalizations for cardiovascular and respiratory causes controlling for patient characteristics, time trends, and environmental confounders. (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - February 8, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Cardiovascular Disease Source Type: research

Differential Mortality Risks Associated With PM2.5 Components: A Multi-Country, Multi-City Study
Conclusions: These findings contribute to the identification of more hazardous emission sources. Further work is needed to understand the health impacts of PM2.5 components and sources given the overlapping sources and correlations among many components. (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - February 8, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Air Pollution Source Type: research

Estimating Associations Between Annual Concentrations of Particulate Matter and Mortality in the United States, Using Data Linkage and Bayesian Maximum Entropy
Conclusion: We used a novel method that allowed us to estimate PM2.5 concentrations in all contiguous US counties and obtained estimates of the association between PM2.5 and mortality comparable to previous studies. Our analysis provides one example of how Bayesian maximum entropy could be used in epidemiologic analyses; future work could explore other ways to use this approach to inform important public health questions. (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - February 8, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Air Pollution Source Type: research

Gender Influences on Editorial Decisions at Epidemiology
No abstract available (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - February 8, 2022 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Editorial Source Type: research

Rates of Clinically Confirmed Stress-related Psychiatric Disorders Among Swedish Tsunami Survivors: 9-year Follow-up
No abstract available (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - December 13, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Letters Source Type: research

The Authors Respond
No abstract available (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - December 13, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Letters Source Type: research