Issa J. Dahabreh, Winner of the 2021 Rothman Epidemiology Prize
No abstract available (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - June 8, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Rothman Prize Source Type: research
The Author Responds
No abstract available (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - April 9, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Letters Source Type: research
Re: Sponsorship by Big Oil, Like the Tobacco Industry, Should be Banned by the Research Community
No abstract available (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - April 9, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Letters Source Type: research
HIV Viremia and Risk of Stroke Among People Living with HIV Who Are Using Antiretroviral Therapy
Conclusions:
Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that elevated HIV VL may increase stroke risk, regardless of previous VL levels. (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - April 9, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Pharmacoepidemiology Source Type: research
Prenatal Opioid Analgesics and the Risk of Adverse Birth Outcomes
Conclusions:
Opioid analgesic-exposed pregnancies had a small increased risk of preterm birth and possibly stillbirth after accounting for confounding by indication and sociodemographic factors. (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - April 9, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Pharmacoepidemiology Source Type: research
Positive Predictive Value of Sarcoidosis Identified in an Administrative Healthcare Registry: A Validation Study
Conclusions:
Using at least 2 visits listing an ICD-10 code for sarcoidosis accurately identified patients with sarcoidosis from administrative health data in Sweden. (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - April 9, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Validation Studies Source Type: research
Identification and Validation of Anaphylaxis Using Electronic Health Data in a Population-based Setting
Conclusions:
In this population-based setting, ICD-10 diagnosis codes for anaphylaxis from emergency department and inpatient settings had moderate PPV and sensitivity for validated events. These findings have implications for epidemiologic studies that seek to estimate risks of anaphylaxis using electronic health data. (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - April 9, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Validation Studies Source Type: research
Validation of LexisNexis Accurint in the Georgia Cancer Registry’s Cancer Recurrence and Information Surveillance Program
Conclusions:
LexisNexis Accurint failed to identify the emigration of more than half of deceased CRISP patients who had left Georgia but correctly identified most who had remained. The validity of the state of residence is important for studies using LexisNexis as a tool for follow-up. (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - April 9, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Surveillance Source Type: research
Trends in Hip Fracture Incidence, Recurrence, and Survival by Education and Comorbidity: A Swedish Register-based Study
Conclusions:
Hip fracture incidence has declined across the Swedish population, but mortality after hip fracture remained high, especially among men. Hip fracture patients constitute a vulnerable population group with increasing comorbidity burden and high mortality risk. (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - April 9, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Surveillance Source Type: research
Combining Effect Estimates Across Cohorts and Sufficient Adjustment Sets for Collaborative Research: A Simulation Study
Conclusions:
Our findings do not support the reliance of collaborative research on logistic regression results for meta-analyses. Use of DAGs to identify potentially differing minimally sufficient adjustment sets can allow meta-analyses without requiring the exact same covariates. (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - April 9, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Methods Source Type: research
Causal Organic Indirect and Direct Effects: Closer to the Original Approach to Mediation Analysis, with a Product Method for Binary Mediators
Mediation analysis, which started in the mid-1980s, is used extensively by applied researchers. Indirect and direct effects are the part of a treatment effect that is mediated by a covariate and the part that is not. Subsequent work on natural indirect and direct effects provides a formal causal interpretation, based on cross-worlds counterfactuals: outcomes under treatment with the mediator set to its value without treatment. Organic indirect and direct effects avoid cross-worlds counterfactuals, using so-called organic interventions on the mediator while keeping the initial treatment fixed at treatment. Organic indirect ...
Source: Epidemiology - April 9, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Methods Source Type: research
Instability of Variable-selection Algorithms Used to Identify True Predictors of an Outcome in Intermediate-dimension Epidemiologic Studies
Conclusions:
Machine-learning methods instability should concern epidemiologists relying on them for variable selection, as stabilizing a model can impact its performance. For LASSO, stabilization methods based on stability selection procedure (rather than addressing prediction stability) should be preferred to identify true predictors. (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - April 9, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Methods Source Type: research
Machine Learning for Causal Inference: On the Use of Cross-fit Estimators
Conclusions:
Due to the difficulty of properly specifying parametric models in high-dimensional data, doubly robust estimators with ensemble learning and cross-fitting may be the preferred approach for estimation of the average causal effect in most epidemiologic studies. However, these approaches may require larger sample sizes to avoid finite-sample issues. (Source: Epidemiology)
Source: Epidemiology - April 9, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Methods Source Type: research
Generalizability of Subgroup Effects
Generalizability methods are increasingly used to make inferences about the effect of interventions in target populations using a study sample. Most existing methods to generalize effects from sample to population rely on the assumption that subgroup-specific effects generalize directly. However, researchers may be concerned that in fact subgroup-specific effects differ between sample and population. In this brief report, we explore the generalizability of subgroup effects. First, we derive the bias in the sample average treatment effect estimator as an estimate of the population average treatment effect when subgroup effe...
Source: Epidemiology - April 9, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Methods Source Type: research
Deep Learning-based Propensity Scores for Confounding Control in Comparative Effectiveness Research: A Large-scale, Real-world Data Study
This study aimed to investigate whether autoencoders, which are unsupervised deep learning architectures, might be leveraged to compute PS.
Methods:
We selected patient-level data of 128,368 first-line treated cancer patients from the Flatiron Health EHR-derived de-identified database. We trained an autoencoder architecture to learn a lower-dimensional patient representation, which we used to compute PS. To compare the performance of an autoencoder-based PS with established methods, we performed a simulation study. We assessed the balancing and adjustment performance using standardized mean differences, root mean sq...
Source: Epidemiology - April 9, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Tags: Methods Source Type: research
