PET response assessment in apatinib-treated radioactive iodine-refractory thyroid cancer
This work evaluated the use of the positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) technique to assess the early therapeutic response and predict the prognosis of patients with radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR-DTC) who underwent apatinib therapy. Standardised uptake value (SUV), metabolic tumour volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), derived from 18F-FDG PET/CT and SUV from 68Ga-NOTA-PRGD2 PET/CT were evaluated. Tumour response was evaluated using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1. Sixteen of 20 patients achieved partial response (PR) and fou...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - April 27, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Wang, C., Zhang, X., Yang, X., Li, H., Cui, R., Guan, W., Li, X., Zhu, Z., Lin, Y. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Androgen receptor moonlighting in the prostate cancer microenvironment
Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is vital for the normal development of the prostate and is critically involved in prostate cancer (PCa). AR is not only found in epithelial prostate cells but is also expressed in various cells in the PCa-associated stroma, which constitute the tumor microenvironment (TME). In the TME, AR is expressed in fibroblasts, macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils. AR expression in the TME was shown to be decreased in higher-grade and metastatic PCa, suggesting that stromal AR plays a protective role against PCa progression. With that, the functionality of AR in stromal cells appears to deviate fr...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - April 27, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Cioni, B., Zwart, W., Bergman, A. M. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Diagnostic performance of PET in thyroid cancer with elevated anti-Tg Ab
We aimed to explore the role of the diagnostic accuracy of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for the detection of recurrent and/or metastatic diseases in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with progressively and/or persistently elevated TgAb levels and negative radioactive iodine whole-body scan (RI-WBS) through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library database, from the earliest available date of indexing through June 30, 2017, were searched for studies evaluating the diagnostic performance of F-18 FDG PET/CT for the detection...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - April 26, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Kim, S.-J., Lee, S.-W., Pak, K., Shim, S.-R. Tags: Research Source Type: research
A classification prognostic score to predict OS in stage IV well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors
In conclusion, based on the analysis of three ‘field-practice’ cohorts collected in different settings, we defined and validated a prognostic score to classify patients into three groups with different long-term prognoses. (Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer)
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - April 25, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Pusceddu, S., Barretta, F., Trama, A., Botta, L., Milione, M., Buzzoni, R., De Braud, F., Mazzaferro, V., Pastorino, U., Seregni, E., Mariani, L., Gatta, G., Di Bartolomeo, M., Femia, D., Prinzi, N., Coppa, J., Panzuto, F., Antonuzzo, L., Bajetta, E., Bri Tags: Research Source Type: research
Clinical significance of RET and RAS mutations in sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma: a meta-analysis
In this study, we aimed at investigating the prognostic value of RET and RAS mutations – the two most common mutations in sporadic MTCs. A search was conducted in four electronic databases. Relevant data were extracted and pooled into odds ratios (OR), mean differences (MD) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the random-effect model. We used Egger’s regression test and visual of funnel plots to assess the publication bias. From 2581 studies, we included 23 studies with 964 MTCs for meta-analysis. Overall, the presence of RET mutation was associated with an elevated risk for lymph node metastas...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - April 24, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Vuong, H. G., Odate, T., Ngo, H. T. T., Pham, T. Q., Tran, T. T. K., Mochizuki, K., Nakazawa, T., Katoh, R., Kondo, T. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Tumor suppressor functions of DAXX through histone H3.3/H3K9me3 pathway in pancreatic NETs
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) have considerable malignant potential. Frequent somatic mutations and loss of DAXX protein expression have been found in PanNETs. DAXX is known as a transcriptional repressor; however, molecular functions underlying DAXX loss remain unclear in PanNETs. We evaluated DAXX expression by immunohistochemistry in 44 PanNETs. DAXX-knockdown (KD) and -knockout (KO) PanNET cells were analyzed for in vitro and vivo. The target genes were screened by microarray and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays for DAXX, histone H3.3 and H3K9me3 complex. In clinicopathological features, low DAX...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - April 24, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ueda, H., Akiyama, Y., Shimada, S., Mogushi, K., Serizawa, M., Matsumura, S., Mitsunori, Y., Aihara, A., Ban, D., Ochiai, T., Kudo, A., Tanabe, M., Tanaka, S. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Single drug biomarker prediction for ER- breast cancer outcome from chemotherapy
In this study, we have simultaneously developed single drug biomarker models for four standard chemotherapy agents: paclitaxel (T), 5-fluorouracil (F), doxorubicin (A) and cyclophosphamide (C) to predict responses and survival of ER– breast cancer patients treated with combination chemotherapies. We then flexibly combined these individual drug biomarkers for predicting patient outcomes of two independent cohorts of ER– breast cancer patients who were treated with different drug combinations of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These individual and combined drug biomarker models significantly predicted chemotherapy resp...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - April 24, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Chen, Y.-Z., Kim, Y., Soliman, H. H., Ying, G., Lee, J. K. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Ki67 proliferative index of the neuroendocrine component drives MANEC prognosis
Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas (MANECs) are composed of a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) and a non-neuroendocrine (non-NEC) neoplastic epithelial component, each representing at least 30% of the tumor. At present, prognostic factors for MANECs remain largely unexplored. We investigated the clinical-pathologic features of a large multicenter series of digestive system MANECs. Surgical specimens of 200 MANEC candidates were centrally reviewed; diagnosis was confirmed in 160 cases. While morphology, proliferation (mitotic count (MC), Ki67 index) and immunophenotype (p53, SSTR2a, beta-Catenin, Bcl-2...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - April 19, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Milione, M., Maisonneuve, P., Pellegrinelli, A., Grillo, F., Albarello, L., Spaggiari, P., Vanoli, A., Tagliabue, G., Pisa, E., Messerini, L., Centonze, G., Inzani, F., Scarpa, A., Papotti, M., Volante, M., Sessa, F., Fazio, N., Pruneri, G., Rindi, G., So Tags: Research Source Type: research
Periprostatic fat tissue transcriptome reveals a signature diagnostic for high-risk prostate cancer
In this study, we investigated the adipose transcriptional profiles of low- and high-risk disease to determine both prognostic potential and possible biological drivers of aggressive disease. RNA was extracted from periprostatic adipose tissue from patients categorised as having prostate cancer with either a low or high risk of progression based on tumour characteristics at prostatectomy and profiled by RNA sequencing. The expression of selected genes was then quantified by qRT-PCR in a cross-validation cohort. In the first phase, a total of 677 differentially transcribed genes were identified, from which a subset of 14 ge...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - April 19, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Mangiola, S., Stuchbery, R., Macintyre, G., Clarkson, M. J., Peters, J. S., Costello, A. J., Hovens, C. M., Corcoran, N. M. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Obesity suppresses tumor attributable PSA, affecting risk categorization
In conclusion, being very obese suppresses tumor-associated PSA resulting in a diagnostic bias that is responsible for errors in risk classification, and potentially contributes to a delay in initial presentation. (Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer)
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - April 16, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Chow, K., Mangiola, S., Vazirani, J., Peters, J. S., Costello, A. J., Hovens, C. M., Corcoran, N. M. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Tropomyosin receptor kinase: a novel target in screened neuroendocrine tumors
Tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk) inhibitors are investigated as a novel targeted therapy in various cancers. We investigated the in vitro effects of the pan-Trk inhibitor GNF-5837 in human neuroendocrine tumor (NET) cells. The human neuroendocrine pancreatic BON1, bronchopulmonary NCI-H727 and ileal GOT1 cell lines were treated with GNF-5837 alone and in combination with everolimus. Cell viability decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner in GOT1 cells in response to GNF-5837 treatment, while treatment in BON1 and NCI-H727 cells showed no effect on cellular viability. Trk receptor expression determined GNF-5837 sensi...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - April 16, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Aristizabal Prada, E. T., Heinzle, V., Knosel, T., Nolting, S., Spottl, G., Maurer, J., Spitzweg, C., Angele, M., Schmidt, N., Beuschlein, F., Stalla, G. K., Blaser, R., Kuhn, K. A., Auernhammer, C. J. Tags: Research Source Type: research
The challenges of modeling hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in mice
Estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) tumors account for 70–80% of all breast cancer (BC) cases and are characterized by estrogen dependency for their growth. Endocrine therapies using estrogen receptor antagonists or aromatase inhibitors represent a key component of the standard of care for these tumors. The occurrence of de novo or acquired resistance to estrogen withdrawal represents an important clinical problem, impacting on patient survival. In addition, despite an initially favorable outcome, a part of ER+ BC patients present with disease recurrence locally or at distant sites years or even decades after apparent r...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - April 9, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ozdemir, B. C., Sflomos, G., Brisken, C. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Thyroxine inhibits resveratrol-caused apoptosis by PD-L1 in ovarian cancer cells
In this study, we examined the mechanism by which T4 impairs resveratrol-induced antiproliferation in human ovarian cancer cells and found that T4 inhibited resveratrol-induced nuclear accumulation of COX-2. Furthermore, T4 increased expression and cytoplasmic accumulation of PD-L1, which in turn acted to retain inducible COX-2 in the cytoplasm. Knockdown of PD-L1 by small hairpin RNA (shRNA) relieved the inhibitory effect of T4 on resveratrol-induced nuclear accumulation of COX-2- and COX-2/p53-dependent gene expression. Thus, T4 inhibits COX-2-dependent apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells by retaining inducible COX-2 with ...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - April 5, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Chin, Y.-T., Wei, P.-L., Ho, Y., Nana, A. W., Changou, C. A., Chen, Y.-R., Yang, Y.-C. S., Hsieh, M.-T., Hercbergs, A., Davis, P. J., Shih, Y.-J., Lin, H.-Y. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Biomarkers of platinum resistance in ovarian cancer: what can we use to improve treatment
Ovarian cancer has poor survival rates due to a combination of diagnosis at advanced disease stages and disease recurrence as a result of platinum chemotherapy resistance. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), the most common ovarian cancer subtype, is conventionally treated with surgery and paclitaxel/carboplatin combination chemotherapy. Initial response rates are 60–80%, but eventually the majority of patients become platinum-resistant with subsequent relapses. Extensive research on individual biomarkers of platinum resistance has revealed many potential targets for the development new treatments. While this i...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - March 29, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: van Zyl, B., Tang, D., Bowden, N. A. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Pheochromocytomas and pituitary adenomas in three patients with MAX exon deletions
(Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer)
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - March 29, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Daly, A. F., Castermans, E., Oudijk, L., Guitelman, M. A., Beckers, P., Potorac, I., Neggers, S. J. C. M. M., Sacre, N., van der Lely, A.-J., Bours, V., de Herder, W. W., Beckers, A. Tags: Research Letter Source Type: research
