The aberrantly expressed miR-372 partly impairs sensitivity to apoptosis in parathyroid tumor cells
In conclusion, miR-372 is a novel mechanism exploited by a subset of parathyroid tumor cells to partially decrease sensitivity to apoptosis, to increase PTH synthesis and to deregulate Wnt signaling. (Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer)
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - May 31, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Verdelli, C., Forno, I., Morotti, A., Creo, P., Guarnieri, V., Scillitani, A., Cetani, F., Vicentini, L., Balza, G., Beretta, E., Ferrero, S., Vaira, V., Corbetta, S. Tags: Research Source Type: research
The role of IL-1B in breast cancer bone metastasis
Approximately 75% of patients with late-stage breast cancer will develop bone metastasis. This condition is currently considered incurable and patients’ life expectancy is limited to 2–3 years following diagnosis of bone involvement. Interleukin (IL)-1B is a pro-inflammatory cytokine whose expression in primary tumours has been identified as a potential biomarker for predicting breast cancer patients at increased risk for developing bone metastasis. In this review, we discuss how IL-1B from both the tumour cells and the tumour microenvironment influence growth of primary breast tumours, dissemination into the b...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - May 31, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Tulotta, C., Ottewell, P. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Advances in adrenal tumors 2018
We present the academic output measured by active clinical trials and peer-reviewed published manuscripts. The most important and contributory manuscripts were summarized for each diagnostic entity, with a particular focus on manuscripts that describe translational research that have the potential to improve clinical care. Finally, we highlight the importance of collaborations in adrenal tumor research, which allowed for these recent advances and provide structures for future success in this scientific field. (Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer)
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - May 24, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Crona, J., Beuschlein, F., Pacak, K., Skogseid, B. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Chromatin reprogramming in breast cancer
Reprogramming of the chromatin landscape is a critical component to the transcriptional response in breast cancer. Effects of sex hormones such as estrogens and progesterone have been well described to have a critical impact on breast cancer proliferation. However, the complex network of the chromatin landscape, enhancer regions and mode of function of steroid receptors (SRs) and other transcription factors (TFs), is an intricate web of signaling and functional processes that is still largely misunderstood at the mechanistic level. In this review, we describe what is currently known about the dynamic interplay between TFs ...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - May 24, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Swinstead, E. E., Paakinaho, V., Hager, G. L. Tags: Review Source Type: research
GREB1 isoforms regulate proliferation independent of ER{alpha} co-regulator activities in breast cancer
Activation of the transcription factor estrogen receptor α (ERα) and the subsequent regulation of estrogen-responsive genes play a crucial role in the development and progression of the majority of breast cancers. One gene target of ERα, growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer 1 (GREB1), is associated with proliferation and regulation of ERα activity in estrogen-responsive breast cancer cells. The GREB1 gene encodes three distinct isoforms: GREB1a, GREB1b and GREB1c, whose molecular functions are largely unknown. Here, we investigate the role of these isoforms in regulation of ERα activ...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - May 22, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Haines, C. N., Braunreiter, K. M., Mo, X. M., Burd, C. J. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Optimising endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer
Hormone receptor-positive breast cancer is commonly treated with endocrine therapy (ET); however, over time, cancer cells can develop endocrine resistance. This review aims to document combination therapy and sequential therapy in the use of endocrine agents and targeted agents, by conducting two systematic searches using four databases: Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science. A total of 26 studies that covered combination therapy were obtained and included for the review. Fourteen were phase III documenting combinations of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), vascular end...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - May 22, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Yau, T. H. L., Cheung, K.-L. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Cellular kinetics of MED12-mutant uterine leiomyoma growth and regression in vivo
Cellular mechanisms of uterine leiomyoma (LM) formation have been studied primarily utilizing in vitro models. However, recent studies established that the cells growing in the primary cultures of MED12-mutant LM (MED12-LM) do not carry causal mutations. To improve the accuracy of LM research, we addressed the cellular mechanisms of LM growth and regression utilizing a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model, which faithfully replicates the patient tumors in situ. The growth and maintenance of MED12-LMs depend on 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4). We determined E2 and P4-activated MAPK and PI3K pathways in PDXs w...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - May 21, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Serna, V. A., Wu, X., Qiang, W., Thomas, J., Blumenfeld, M. L., Kurita, T. Tags: Research Source Type: research
TERT aberrancies: a screening tool for malignancy in follicular thyroid tumours
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations have been linked to adverse clinical parameters in thyroid cancer, but TERT-expressing tumours are not always mutated. Little is known regarding other TERT-related genetic aberrations. To delineate the role of TERT gene aberrancies in follicular thyroid tumours, 95 follicular carcinomas (FTCs), 43 follicular adenomas (FTAs) and 33 follicular tumours of uncertain malignant potential (FT-UMPs) were collected. The tumours were assayed for TERT expression, TERT promoter mutations, TERT promoter hypermethylation and TERT gene copy number (CN) alterations and the results...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - May 21, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Paulsson, J. O., Mu, N., Shabo, I., Wang, N., Zedenius, J., Larsson, C., Juhlin, C. C. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Prolonged duration of response in lenvatinib responders with thyroid cancer
We present an updated analysis of lenvatinib in radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-DTC) with new duration of response (DOR) data unavailable for the primary analysis. In this randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled phase 3 study, patients ≥18 years old with measurable, pathologically confirmed RR-DTC with independent radiologic confirmation of disease progression within the previous 13 months were randomized 2:1 to oral lenvatinib 24 mg/day or placebo. The main outcome measures for this analysis are DOR and progression-free survival (PFS). The median DOR for all lenvatinib respond...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - May 11, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Gianoukakis, A. G., Dutcus, C. E., Batty, N., Guo, M., Baig, M. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Open issues on G3 neuroendocrine neoplasms: back to the future
The recent recognition that grade 3 (G3) neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) can be divided into two different categories according to the histopathological differentiation, that is G3 neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and G3 neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) has generated a lot of interest concerning not only the diagnosis, but also the differential management of such new group of NENs. However, several issues need to be fully clarified in order to put G3 NETs and G3 NECs in the right place. The aim of this review is to focus on those issues that are still undetermined starting from the current knowledge, evaluating the available e...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - May 11, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Zatelli, M. C., Guadagno, E., Messina, E., Lo Calzo, F., Faggiano, A., Colao, A., NIKE Group Tags: Review Source Type: research
The endocrinology of male breast cancer
Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease but, as a result of epidemiological collaborations, there is now greater clarity concerning endocrine risk factors. The significant rise in global age-standardised mean BMI in men is likely to lead to increases in incidence of maturity-onset diabetes and MBC. The metabolic changes accompanying obesity decrease androgens and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), thereby increasing available oestrogens. The higher rates of MBC in North and Equatorial Africa are largely due to liver damage from endemic bilharziasis and hepatitis B causing elevated oestradiol (E2) levels from hepatic c...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - May 11, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Fentiman, I. S. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Impact of hormone receptor status on the efficacy of HER2-targeted treatment
The introduction of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–targeted drugs into routine clinical practice has a dramatic effect on the outlook for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer (BC). However, the association between efficacy of HER2-targeted therapy and hormone receptor (HR) status is still unclear. Here we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to address this issue in both neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. PubMed and EMBASE were searched from inception to October 2017 for studies involving trastuzumab, lapatinib, pertuzumab, trastuzumab emtansine and neratinib. Efficac...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - May 8, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Zhao, B., Zhao, H., Zhao, J. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Pasireotide in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors: a review of the literature
Somatostatin analogs have an important role in the medical therapy of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Octreotide and lanreotide, both somatostatin analogs binding with high affinity for the somatostatin receptor (SSTR)2, can control symptoms in functional NETs. In addition, these compounds, because of their antiproliferative effects, can stabilize growth of well-differentiated NETs. Pasireotide is a novel multireceptor-targeted somatostatin analog with high affinity for SSTR1, 2, 3, and 5. This review provides an overview of the state of the art of pasireotide in the treatment of NETs, with the aim of addressing clinical rel...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - May 8, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Vitale, G., Dicitore, A., Sciammarella, C., Di Molfetta, S., Rubino, M., Faggiano, A., Colao, A. Tags: Review Source Type: research
Combining chloroquine with RAD001 inhibits tumor growth in a NEN mouse model
In conclusion, CQ enhances the anti-tumorigenic effect of RAD001 in vivo by inhibiting autophagy. Clinical trials addressing the effects of CQ therapy on neoplasm progression in patients with NENs, mainly in those treated with mTORi, are warranted. (Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer)
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - May 3, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Avniel-Polak, S., Leibowitz, G., Doviner, V., Gross, D. J., Grozinsky-Glasberg, S. Tags: Research Source Type: research
Protein stabilization by RSUME accounts for PTTG pituitary tumor abundance and oncogenicity
We describe that high PTTG protein levels are induced by the RWD-containing sumoylation enhancer (RWDD3 or RSUME), a protein originally identified in the same pituitary tumor cell line in which PTTG was also cloned. We demonstrate that PTTG and RSUME have a positive expression correlation in human pituitary adenomas. RSUME increases PTTG protein in pituitary tumor cell lines, prolongs the half-life of PTTG protein and regulates the PTTG induction by estradiol. As a consequence, RSUME enhances PTTG transcription factor and securin activities. PTTG hyperactivity on the cell cycle resulted in recurrent and unequal divisions w...
Source: Endocrine-Related Cancer - May 2, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Fuertes, M., Sapochnik, M., Tedesco, L., Senin, S., Attorresi, A., Ajler, P., Carrizo, G., Cervio, A., Sevlever, G., Bonfiglio, J. J., Stalla, G. K., Arzt, E. Tags: Research Source Type: research
