Transition in Pediatric and Adolescent Hypogonadal Girls: Gynecological Aspects, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, and Contraception.
Abstract
Hypogonadism may be suspected if puberty is delayed. Pubertal delay may be caused by a normal physiological variant, by primary ovarian insufficiency (Turner syndrome), or reflect congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH; genetic) or acquired HH (brain lesions). Any underlying chronic disease like inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, malnutrition (anorexia or orthorexia), or excessive physical activity may also result in functional HH. Thus, girls with delayed puberty should be evaluated for an underlying pathology before any treatment, including oral contraception, is initiated. Estrog...
Source: Endocrine Development - June 14, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Tønnes Pedersen A, Cleemann L, Main KM, Juul A Tags: Endocr Dev Source Type: research
"Child-Adult" Transition - Adolescence: When Illness Appears ….
"Child-Adult" Transition - Adolescence: When Illness Appears….
Endocr Dev. 2018 Jun 08;33:10-16
Authors: Malivoir S, Gueniche K
Abstract
Considering the patient's transition from child to adolescent to adult and its psychological aspects in endocrinology and diabetology, it is necessary to recall the child's psycho-affective development when he enters adolescence. Indeed, adolescence appears paradigmatic of the "child-adult" transition; it is a specific and decisive psychic process which allows the child to become an adult, that is to say autonomous and subject to his desire. In...
Source: Endocrine Development - June 8, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Malivoir S, Gueniche K Tags: Endocr Dev Source Type: research
Growth Hormone Deficiency in the Transition Age.
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) is essential not only for normal growth during childhood, but also for the acquisition of bone mass and muscle strength in both sexes. This process is completed after the achievement of adult height in the phase of transition from adolescence to adulthood. Adolescents with childhood onset GH deficiency (GHD) show reduction of bone mineral density, decrease in lean body mass, increase in fat mass, and deterioration of the lipid profile. For this reason, continuation of GH replacement therapy in the transition age is recommended in all patients with a confirmed diagnosis of GHD. ...
Source: Endocrine Development - June 8, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Loche S, Di Iorgi N, Patti G, Noli S, Giaccardi M, Olivieri I, Ibba A, Maghnie M Tags: Endocr Dev Source Type: research
Fertility Preservation in Klinefelter Syndrome Patients during the Transition Period.
Abstract
Spermatozoa have occasionally been identified in ejaculate of adult Klinefelter syndrome (KS) patients but very exceptionally in KS adolescents. Spermatozoa can also be retrieved in testicular tissue of KS adolescents. The testis may also harbor spermatogonia and noncompletely differentiated germ cells. Neither clinical features nor hormonal parameters could predict germ cell recovery in KS adults or adolescents. No predictive factors can actually demonstrate that early diagnosis of KS would allow increasing the chance of sperm retrieval even if it has been suggested that semen quality may decline...
Source: Endocrine Development - June 8, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Rives N, Rives A, Rondanino C, Castanet M, Cuny A, Sibert L Tags: Endocr Dev Source Type: research
Transition of Care from Childhood to Adulthood: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia.
Abstract
Deficiency of the 21-hydroxylase enzyme is the most common form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), accounting for more than 95% of the cases. With the advent of newborn screening and hormone replacement therapy, most children with CAH survive into adulthood. Adolescents and adults with CAH experience a number of complications, including short stature, obesity, infertility, impaired bone mineral density, and reduced quality of life. Transition from pediatric to adult care and management of long-term complications are challenging for both patients and practitioners. In adulthood, the aims of t...
Source: Endocrine Development - June 8, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Bachelot A Tags: Endocr Dev Source Type: research
Challenges of the Transition from Pediatric Care to Care of Adults: "Say Goodbye, Say Hello".
Abstract
Transition has been defined as "the purposeful, planned movement of adolescents and young adults with chronic physical and medical conditions from child-centered to adult-oriented health care systems." We will here describe the challenges of such a process: challenges coming from the pediatrician, from the adolescent, linked to the disease itself, and those from the parents. We will outline how to overcome those fears and challenges to provide a successful transition process. A key factor to underline that process is that a relationship based on confidence should be established between the pediatr...
Source: Endocrine Development - June 8, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Touraine P, Polak M Tags: Endocr Dev Source Type: research
Transitions in Care from Pediatric to Adult Health Care Providers: Ongoing Challenges and Opportunities for Young Persons with Diabetes.
Abstract
Adolescence and young adulthood are times of multiple developmental changes, including physiological, social, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral transformations. The adolescent or young adult living with type 1 or type 2 diabetes must navigate the vicissitudes of these developmental stages while managing the rigors and self-care demands of these conditions. Diabetes in children is managed by adults, mainly by parents. As the child matures, diabetes management tasks transition from parents to the developing teen. This transition in care is a process that generally begins in early adolescence and ...
Source: Endocrine Development - June 8, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Garvey K, Laffel L Tags: Endocr Dev Source Type: research
Transition of Care from Childhood to Adulthood: Turner Syndrome.
Abstract
Girls with Turner syndrome (TS) require special consideration during transition from childhood to adult care. During the transition years, treatment for short stature will be completed and sexual development induced in parallel with the peer group. The timing of sexual development may have later repercussions with respect to psychosocial development and partnership status. Late presentation of TS, which is so common, can result in additional difficulties with the transition process.
PMID: 29886498 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Endocrine Development)
Source: Endocrine Development - June 8, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Conway G Tags: Endocr Dev Source Type: research
Fertility Preservation in Endocrine Disorders during Transition for Girls.
Abstract
Recent advances in fertility preservation (FP) techniques have led to a wide spread of indications. FP should now be discussed not only for young girls having to receive gonadotoxic treatments for cancer, but also for those with genetic or endocrine disorders, as well as benign ovarian diseases at risk of premature ovarian insufficiency. For premenarchal girls, ovarian tissue cryopreservation is still the only available technique. Oocyte cryopreservation after ovarian stimulation could be offered to postmenarchal girls. Whenever possible, the parents and the young patient should be informed of the...
Source: Endocrine Development - June 8, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Bénard J, Sermondade N, Grynberg M Tags: Endocr Dev Source Type: research
Management of Hypothalamic Obesity during Transition from Childhood to Adulthood.
Abstract
Hypothalamic obesity (HO) is a rare and serious disease of various origins: tumor, traumatism, radiotherapy, vascular, genetic, or even psychotropic drug use. HO usually begins in childhood with eating disorders and progresses with an aggregate of severe comorbidities. Transition from pediatric to adult health care is a critical period to assure weight stability and a good management of comorbidities. In case of loss to follow-up, there is an increased risk of major weight gain and long-term complications with severe obesity. To minimize this risk, pediatric and adult specialists must work togethe...
Source: Endocrine Development - June 8, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Bretault M, Carette C, Barsamian C, Czernichow S Tags: Endocr Dev Source Type: research
Transition of Care from Childhood to Adulthood: Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism.
This article will review the state of the art in diagnosis and treatment of patients with CHH with a particular focus on supporting an effective transition from pediatric-centered care to adult-oriented endocrine services. A synthesis of best practices is offered to help guide clinicians in supporting patients and families during this challenging period of care.
PMID: 29886503 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Endocrine Development)
Source: Endocrine Development - June 8, 2018 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Dwyer AA, Pitteloud N Tags: Endocr Dev Source Type: research
Enteroendocrine Cells: Metabolic Relays between Microbes and Their Host.
Abstract
Gut bacteria exert a variety of metabolic functions unavailable to the host and are increasingly seen as a virtual organ located inside our gastrointestinal tract. Scattered in our intestinal epithelium, enteroendocrine cells (EECs) regulate several aspects of the host's physiology and translate signals coming from the gut microbiota through their hormonal secretions. In this chapter, we will assess the interplay between the gut microbiota and EEC and its consequences for the physiology of the host. We will first describe alterations of different populations of EEC in germ-free animals. The role o...
Source: Endocrine Development - September 13, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Plovier H, Cani PD Tags: Endocr Dev Source Type: research
The Changing Concept of Gut Endocrinology.
Abstract
Gastrointestinal hormones are released from enteroendocrine cells in the digestive tract. More than 30 hormone genes are expressed, which make the gut the largest endocrine organ in the body. At present, it is feasible to conceive the hormones under 5 headings: the structural homology groups most hormones into 9 families, each of which is assumed to originate from a single gene. Today's hormone gene often has multiple phenotypes due to alternative splicing, tandem organization or differentiated maturation of the prohormone. By these mechanisms, more than 100 different hormonal peptides are release...
Source: Endocrine Development - September 6, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Rehfeld JF Tags: Endocr Dev Source Type: research
Development and Anatomy of the Enteroendocrine System in Humans.
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract exhibits an enormous surface area that consists mostly of absorptive enterocytes. Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are found scattered along the GI tract between absorptive enterocytes and other secretory cells, and comprise around 1% of the epithelial cell population. Interestingly, they develop from the same crypt stem cell as the other absorptive or secretory cells of the gut. EECs differentiate along the crypt villus axis and are renewed every 4-6 days, and hence possess a high plasticity. They constitute the largest endocrine system in the human body by secreting m...
Source: Endocrine Development - September 6, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Posovszky C Tags: Endocr Dev Source Type: research
Incretins and Their Endocrine and Metabolic Functions.
Abstract
Incretins are hormones secreted into the blood stream from the gut mucosa in response to nutrient intake. They have been characterized based on their capacity to lower blood glucose levels. The more potent reduction of blood glucose coupled to a more intensive stimulation of insulin secretion, in response to oral glucose uptake, as compared to intravenous glucose infusion has further been termed the "incretin effect." As a prototype incretin hormone, the biology of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has been intensively studied. GLP-1 actions are mediated through cyclic adenosine monophosphate-couple...
Source: Endocrine Development - September 6, 2017 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Seufert J Tags: Endocr Dev Source Type: research
