Past-month cannabis use among U.S. individuals from 2002-2015: An age-period-cohort analysis
Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug among adolescents and adults in the United States (U.S.) (Haberstick et al., 2014; CBHSQ, 2015; Volkow et al., 2014). As of 2015, an estimated 1 in 5 young adults (aged 18-25) were current users of cannabis (CBHSQ, 2016). However, less is known about how trends of cannabis use are changing in the context of changing social norms and state-level policies in the U.S. Understanding trends in cannabis use among U.S. individuals is an essential step toward developing health policy, health education, and targeted interventions to mitigate potential adverse health effects from canna...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 17, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Devika Chawla, Yang C. Yang, Tania A. Desrosiers, Daniel J. Westreich, Andrew F. Olshan, Julie L. Daniels Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Trends and correlates of perceived access to heroin among young adults in the United States, 2002-2016*
We are at a unique moment in United States (US) history as heroin overdose rates are higher than at any time in recent memory (National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA], 2018a). Indeed, with nearly daily reports in the news and social media, the tremendous negative consequences related to the opioid epidemic have captured the nation ’s attention. These include increases in opioid-related social and health care spending, drug-related arrests, opioid use disorder, and opioid overdose mortality (Dart et al., 2015; Florence et al., 2016; Martins et al., 2017; Palamar et al., 2016a; Rudd et al., 2016). (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 17, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Christopher P. Salas-Wright, Sehun Oh, Michael G. Vaughn, Jordana Muroff, Maryann Amodeo, Jorge Delva Source Type: research
Characterizing fentanyl-related overdoses and implications for overdose response: Findings from a rapid ethnographic study in Vancouver, Canada
North America is experiencing an opioid overdose crisis (Dart et al., 2015), which has, in part, been driven by changes to the illicit opioid supply, involving the proliferation of illicitly-manufactured fentanyl, related analogues, and fentanyl-adulterated opioids (Gladden, 2016; Rudd et al., 2016; Suzuki and El-Haddad, 2017). Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid and is the main component of over 20 analogues and by volume approximately 80-100 times more potent than morphine (Burns et al., 2016) and 30-50 times more potent than heroin (Ciccarone, 2017). (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 12, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Samara Mayer, Jade Boyd, Alexandra Collins, Mary Clare Kennedy, Nadia Fairbairn, Ryan McNeil Source Type: research
Understanding the use of diverted buprenorphine
Buprenorphine is a µ-opioid receptor partial agonist (Bloms-Funke et al., 2000) approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). At low doses, buprenorphine has effects similar to µ-opioid full agonists; at high doses there is a ceiling on its agonist activity (Wa lsh et al., 1994). As higher doses are reached, partial agonists function as antagonists—occupying receptors without activating them (or partially activating them)—while simultaneously displacing or blocking full agonists from binding the receptors (Greenwald et al., 2003). (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 12, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Theodore J. Cicero, Matthew S. Ellis, Howard D. Chilcoat Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in substance use disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Drug addiction is a chronic disorder characterized by a set of cognitive, behavioral, and physiological symptoms that include continued use despite negative consequences as well as high rates of relapse (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; Wikler, 1973). Although it has been postulated that the chronic use of psychoactive-substances (PAS) entails changes in brain function and structure which lead to dysfunctional neuroadaptations (whether transitory or permanent), the period of use and quantities necessary to provoke such alterations are unknown (George and Koob, 2010; Seger, 2010; Volkow et al., 2011). (Source: Drug a...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 12, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Felipe Ornell, Fernanda Hansen, Felipe Barreto Schuch, Fernando Pezzini Rebelatto, Ana Laura Tavares, Juliana Nichterwitz Scherer, Andrei Garziera Valerio, Flavio Pechansky, Felix Henrique Paim Kessler, Lisia von Diemen Source Type: research
End-of-day reports of daily hassles and stress in men and women with opioid-use disorder: Relationship to momentary reports of opioid and cocaine use and stress
Research across a broad range of methodologies and types of participants has shown that stress is an important factor in drug use and relapse. Supporting evidence comes from laboratory-animal studies showing that stressors increase drug seeking (Bossert et al., 2013), human laboratory studies showing that greater susceptibility to an experimental stressor predicts shorter time to relapse after release from inpatient treatment (Sinha et al., 2006; Back et al., 2010), interview-based studies of reasons for relapse in patients across various types of addictions (Marlatt and Gordon, 1985), and epidemiological studies showing, ...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 11, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Kenzie L. Preston, Jennifer R. Schroeder, William J. Kowalczyk, Karran A. Phillips, Michelle L. Jobes, Megan Dwyer, Massoud Vahabzadeh, Jia-Ling Lin, Mustapha Mezghanni, David H. Epstein Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Adolescent recanting of alcohol use: A longitudinal investigation of time-varying intra-individual predictors
Longitudinal research on adolescent substance use depends on validity and reliability in self-report assessments to establish onset and progression. Multiple psychometrically sound instruments have been developed that demonstrate high test-retest reliability (Johnson and Mott, 2001; Winters et al., 2002). While self-report assessments are ubiquitous, their use entails known challenges such as obtaining corroborative reporters or biochemical validation, particularly during experimentation, and the influence of social desirability motives on responding (Cohen et al., 1988; Van De Mortel, 2008; Williams and Nowatzki, 2005). (...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 11, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Alexander W. Sokolovsky, Tim Janssen, Nancy P. Barnett, Suzanne M. Colby, Michael H. Bernstein, Kerri L. Hayes, Kristina M. Jackson Source Type: research
Twin epidemics: the surging rise of methamphetamine use in chronic opioid users
The United States is currently in the midst of an opioid epidemic initiated by the proliferation of opioid prescriptions, starting in the late 1990s, and the subsequent diversion and abuse of these drugs (Guy et al., 2017, International Narcotics Control Board, 2009, Maxwell, 2011, McHugh et al., 2015, Wilkerson et al., 2016). Recently, prevention and intervention efforts have been enacted to curb the supply of these analgesics, including prescription monitoring programs (Brady et al., 2014), legislation limiting the reach of rogue physicians and pill mills (Soelberg et al., 2017), physician education programs (Alford, 201...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 10, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Matthew S. Ellis, Zachary A. Kasper, Theodore J. Cicero Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Comorbid social phobia does not predict the outcome in alcohol use disorder outpatient treatment
Previous studies have reported high rates of co-morbidity between anxiety disorders and alcohol use disorders (AUD) (Grant et al., 2004; Modesto-Lowe and Kranzler, 1999). Social phobia (SP), characterized by the intense fear of being the focus of attention and/or behaving in a way that could be embarrassing and humiliating in specific or diffuse social situations (WHO, 1992), is one anxiety disorder that often co-occurs in individuals with AUD (Kessler et al., 1997; Morris et al., 2005; Terra et al., 2006a,b) SP normally appears at a very early age, with 50% of those who develop SP having developed it by age 11, and 80% ha...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 10, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Angelina Isabella Mellentin, Anna Mejldal, Bent Nielsen, Anette S øgaard Nielsen Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Smokers with bipolar disorder, other affective disorders, and no mental health conditions: Comparison of baseline characteristics and success at quitting in a large 12-month behavioral intervention randomized trial
In epidemiologic studies, bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with high rates of ever-smoking and a low proportion of successful quitters (Lasser et al., 2000). Consistent with the high prevalence of smoking and low rate of quitting, the prevalence of tobacco-related disease in adults with BD--including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and respiratory disease--exceeds that of individuals without mental health conditions (MHCs) (Carney and Jones, 2006; Crump et al., 2013). As a result, life expectancy is several decades shorter for people with BD than for those without MHCs (Colton and Manderscheid, 2006). (Source: Drug an...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 10, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Jaimee L. Heffner, Kristin E. Mull, Noreen L. Watson, Jennifer B. McClure, Jonathan B. Bricker Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
The event-level impact of one ’s typical alcohol expectancies, drinking motivations, and use of protective behavioral strategies
The excessive consumption of alcohol by young adults is a major public health concern in the U.S. In national surveys, over 70% of students report consuming alcohol within the past 30 days (Johnston et al., 2011) and approximately 40% of these students have engaged in heavy drinking (i.e., consuming five or more drinks for men or four or more drinks for women in one sitting) during the past two weeks (Johnston et al., 2013). While drinking rates of college students have remained relatively stable over the past two decades, heavy drinking has increased (White and Hingson, 2013) and the consequences of heavy drinking (e.g., ...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 9, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Danielle R. Madden, John D. Clapp Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Binge drinking is associated with reduced quality of life in young students: A pan-European study
Binge drinking (BD), an excessive but episodic alcohol consumption pattern, is characterized by intense alcohol intoxication over a short period of time (Naimi et al., 2003). This harmful consumption pattern has recently become highly prevalent among college students (Hingson et al., 2009; Miller et al., 2004) and constitutes a major public health concern (Kuntsche et al., 2004; Naimi et al., 2003). Indeed, BD is related to mental and physical health problems, including risky behaviors but also long-term cognitive and brain consequences (Hermens et al., 2013; Kuntsche et al., 2017). (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 9, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Val érie Dormal, Vincent Bremhorst, Séverine Lannoy, Vincent Lorant, Amandine Luquiens, Pierre Maurage Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Assessment of rimonabant-like adverse effects of purported CB1R neutral antagonist / CB2R agonist aminoalkylindole derivatives in mice
The endocannabinoid system is involved in various factors relevant to alcohol and drug abuse (Parsons and Hurd, 2015; Volkow et al., 2017; Zlebnik and Cheer, 2016). In particular, the selective CB1R antagonist / inverse agonist rimonabant (formerly SR141716 A) decreases alcohol consumption in animals, possibly by indirect modulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission (Arnone et al., 1997; Vasiljevik et al., 2013; Vinod et al., 2008). In addition, activating CB2Rs modulates the reinforcing effects of ethanol (Ishiguro et al., 2007) and protects agains t alcohol-induced liver disease (Louvet et al., 2011) in mice. (Source:...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 7, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Sherrica Tai, Tamara Vasiljevik, Alexander M. Sherwood, Sarah Eddington, Catheryn D. Wilson, Thomas E. Prisinzano, William E. Fantegrossi Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Non-medical use of prescription drugs and cultural orientation among college students in China
The non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) is an increasing public health concern. NMUPD refers to the use of prescription drugs that are traditionally used to manage pain or treat psychiatric problems but without approval from a physician (McCabe et al., 2009). The prescription drugs most commonly used non-medically can be divided into several categories, including analgesics (e.g., OxyContin), sedatives (e.g., Ambien), anxiolytics (e.g., Ativan), and stimulants (e.g., Ritalin). It is estimated that 26 –36 million people worldwide engage in NMUPD (UNODC, 2012). (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 6, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Cheuk Chi Tam, Eric G. Benotsch, Xiaolei Wang, Danhua Lin, Hongfei Du, Peilian Chi Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Rising incidence of ageing opioid users within the EU wide treatment demand indicator; The Irish opioid epidemic from 1996 to 2014
Opioid use is the second most prevalent illicit drug use disorder worldwide and is a serious health concern associated with significant morbidity and mortality (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2017). There are currently 1.3 million people with high-risk opioid use in Europe (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2017a). European data across thirty countries shows that 191,000 clients entered treatment in 2015 with opioids as their primary drug problem (European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, 2017a). (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 6, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Anne Marie Carew, Catherine Comiskey Source Type: research
