Relationship between childhood abuse and substance misuse problems is mediated by substance use coping motives, in school attending South African adolescents
Childhood abuse is typically associated with greater risk of alcohol and drug problems, in cross sectional and prospective designs, in adolescent and adults, although not all studies replicate this finding (Brady and Back, 2012; Butt et al., 2011; Konkol ÿ Thege et al., 2017; Simpson and Miller, 2002). Childhood abuse/trauma (assessed in adults) is also associated with stronger drug use coping motives, which statistically mediates the relationship between abuse/trauma and alcohol/drug problems (Goldstein et al., 2010; Grayson and Nolen-Hoeksema, 20 05; Schuck and Widom, 2001; Vilhena-Churchill and Goldstein, 2014). (Sourc...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 30, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Lee Hogarth, Lindi Martin, Soraya Seedat Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Randomized controlled trial of telephone monitoring with psychiatry inpatients with co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders
Substance use and mental health disorders frequently co-occur. Population-based surveys indicate that over 8.4 million adults in the US have co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders (SAMHSA, 2014). Specifically, over 30% of people with mental illness, and over 50% of people with severe mental illness, will experience a substance use disorder in their lifetime (SAMHSA, 2014). Co-occurring disorders are associated with greater symptom severity and poorer functioning than either disorder alone (Merikangas and Kalaydjian, 2007). (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 29, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Christine Timko, Alex HS Harris, Mary Jannausch, Mark Ilgen Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Externalizing and self-medicating: Heterogeneity among repeat DUI offenders
Driving under the influence of intoxicants (DUI) is a major public health problem facing the United States. According to 2016 data from the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), 10,497 people were injured or killed in alcohol-related crashes, and 28% of all motor vehicle fatalities involved alcohol-impaired drivers that year (NHTSA, 2017). Furthermore, the estimated annual economic cost of alcohol-related accidents is roughly $49.8 billion (Blincoe et al., 2015). DUI has been dubbed one of the most publicly hazardous consequences of addiction (Nelson and Tao, 2012). (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 26, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Sarah E. Nelson, Emily Shoov, Richard A. LaBrie, Howard J. Shaffer Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Young adult dual combusted cigarette and e-cigarette users ’ anticipated responses to a nicotine reduction policy and menthol ban in combusted cigarettes
The Family Smoking Prevention Tobacco Control Act (FSPTCA) provided the United States (U.S.) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with regulatory authority over the manufacture, marketing, and distribution of combusted cigarettes (CC) (U.S. Congress, 2009). The FDA is authorized to reduce the maximum allowable nicotine content in CC. Reducing nicotine in CC to a level below that which sustains dependence could help smokers to reduce smoking or quit, and decrease the likelihood of dependence in smokers (Benowitz and Henningfield, 1994; Donny et al., 2017). (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 26, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Lauren R. Pacek, Jason A. Oliver, Maggie M. Sweitzer, F. Joseph McClernon Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
Electronic decision support for treatment of hospitalized smokers: A qualitative analysis of physicians ’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices
Hospitals are smoke-free environments and required to identify and offer treatment to smokers who are hospitalized. (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 2009; Fiore et al., 2012; Williams et al., 2009). Inpatients undergo a period of enforced tobacco abstinence, providing a “teachable moment” (Boudreaux et al., 2012; Buchbinder et al., 2014; Lawson and Flocke, 2009) to initiate treatment and promote long-term abstinence. Furthermore, because many admissions are for tobacco-related conditions, these acute health events may provide sufficient motivation for smokers t o quit (Boudreaux et al., 2007). (Source: Drug...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 26, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Lauretta E. Grau, June Weiss, Teresa K. O ’Leary, Deepa Camenga, Steven L. Bernstein Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Recreational marijuana legalization and prescription opioids received by Medicaid enrollees
The liberalization of marijuana laws has been a worldwide momentum in recent years. Following medical marijuana legalization in over half states in the US and a few countries in Europe and America, in 2012, Colorado and Washington in the US first passed laws to legalize marijuana use by adults aged 21 or older. Since then, recreational marijuana legalization has been adopted in eight states and DC where one fifth of US population live (Lawatlas, 2018). These state-wide laws emboldened other jurisdictions in the world to enable recreational marijuana market, with Uruguay and Canada passing country-level legalization in 2014...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 25, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Yuyan Shi, Di Liang, Yuhua Bao, Ruopeng An, Mark S. Wallace, Igor Grant Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Sex, THC, and hormones: Effects on density and sensitivity of CB1 cannabinoid receptors in rats
Historically, most preclinical pharmacological research has been conducted in male animals without regard for potential sex-based variance in drug effects (Beery and Zucker, 2011). To address this sex imbalance in basic research, in 2016 the National Institutes of Health mandated consideration of sex as a biological variable in the review of grant proposals using animal models (Clayton and Collins, 2014). Consequently, research including animals of both sexes is increasing rapidly, highlighting the need to establish sex differences or the lack thereof between male and female rats in their basal, untreated state. (Source: D...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 25, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Charlotte E. Farquhar, Christopher S. Breivogel, Thomas F. Gamage, Elaine A. Gay, Brian F. Thomas, Rebecca M. Craft, Jenny L. Wiley Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Patterns and history of prescription drug use among opioid-related drug overdose cases in British Columbia, Canada, 2015-2016
Drug overdoses involving opioids have been dramatically increasing in North America since 2000, with a more rapid rise in the last several years (Fischer et al., 2018; Rudd et al., 2016a, b; Rudd et al., 2016a, b). Opioid overdoses have been described as occurring in the context of an intertwined epidemic driven by increasing availability of prescribed and diverted opioids since the 1990s (Slavova et al., 2017; Unick et al., 2013). More recently, statistics show an unprecedented increase in drug overdose deaths that have been linked to the replacement of heroin and diverted pharmaceutical opioids with fentanyl and its anal...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 25, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Kate Smolina, Alexis Crabtree, Mei Chong, Bin Zhao, Mina Park, Christopher Mill, Christian G. Sch ütz Source Type: research
Non-fatal opioid-related overdoses among adolescents in Massachusetts 2012 –2014
The opioid epidemic in the United States has not spared adolescents. Between 1993 and 2010, emergency department visits for opioid-related overdose increased 1188% for those younger than 20 (Hasegawa et al., 2014), and annual opioid-related overdose deaths among 15-19 year-olds increased 2.3-fold from 1999 to 2015 (Curtin et al., 2017). (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 25, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Avik Chatterjee, Marc R. Larochelle, Ziming Xuan, Na Wang, Dana Bernson, Michael Silverstein, Scott E. Hadland, Thomas Land, Jeffrey H. Samet, Alexander Y. Walley, Sarah M. Bagley Tags: Short communication Source Type: research
An intervention trial targeting methadone maintenance treatment providers to improve clients ’ treatment retention in China
Methadone has been widely used as an effective opioid substitution to combat both drug addiction and HIV infection (Karki et al., 2016; Wu and Clark, 2013; MacArthur et al., 2012; Mathers et al., 2009; WHO, 2009). Satisfactory outcomes of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) are highly dependent upon treatment compliance (Caplehorn et al., 1994; Ward et al., 1999). However, client dropout is common and presents a significant challenge to MMT programs worldwide (Feelemyer et al., 2014; Lambdin et al., 2014; Proctor et al., 2015; Soyka et al., 2008), including in China (Cao et al., 2013; Sun et al., 2015; Yin et al., 2010; ...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 25, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Li Li, Zunyou Wu, Li-Jung Liang, Chunqing Lin, Sitong Luo, Xiaobin Cao, Julie Hsieh, Keming Rou Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Methamphetamine use and cognitive function: A systematic review of neuroimaging research
Amphetamines, a group of stimulants that includes amphetamine and methamphetamine (MA), are the second most abused worldwide after cannabis (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2017a). Global prevalence for amphetamines in 2015 was estimated to be 0.8%. In some parts of the world, the numbers are higher; prevalence in North America was 2.0% and in Oceania was 1.9%. The global market for amphetamines was dominated by MA, which accounted for 72% of the global seizures of amphetamines (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2017b). (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 24, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Sabrini Sabrini, Y. Wang Grace, C. Lin Joanne, Kirk Ian, E. Curley Louise Source Type: research
Differences in protective factors among U.S. Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder, alcohol use disorder, and their comorbidity: Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) frequently co-occur in the Veteran population. In a nationally representative sample of Veterans, one of every five Veterans with AUD also screened positive for PTSD (Norman et al., 2018). This rate is even higher among Veterans seeking VA care, with up to two-thirds of Veterans with AUD also having a diagnosis of PTSD (Seal et al., 2011). Comorbid PTSD/AUD is associated with more severe clinical and functional problems relative to PTSD or AUD alone, including increased risk of suicide and reduced functioning and quality of life (Blanco et al., 2013; Norma...
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 24, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Elizabeth Straus, Sonya B. Norman, Moira Haller, Steven M. Southwick, Jessica L. Hamblen, Robert H. Pietrzak Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Prevalence, incidence, recovery, and recurrence of alcohol use disorders from childhood to age 30
Little is known about the course of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) in representative samples during high-risk periods of adolescence and early adulthood. The primary objective of this research is to describe the prevalence and course of initial AUD episodes experienced between childhood and age 30 in a regionally representative cohort sample. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 24, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: John R. Seeley, Richard F. Farmer, Derek B. Kosty, Jeff M. Gau Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Reward and executive control network resting-state functional connectivity is associated with impulsivity during reward-based decision making for cocaine users
Addiction is characterized by impulsive decision making that can lead to harmful long-term consequences (Verdejo-Garcia et al., 2018). The progression from controlled, voluntary drug use to compulsive drug taking has been described as a shift from flexible prefrontal cortical control to automatic responding driven by corticostriatal circuitry (Everitt et al., 2008). The brain circuits that are implicated in addiction comprise several intrinsic functional neural networks that coordinate decision-making and learning (Laird et al., 2011; Ma et al., 2015). (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 24, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Andr éa L. Hobkirk, Ryan P. Bell, Amanda V. Utevsky, Scott Huettel, Christina S. Meade Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
Perceived social status and unhealthy habits in Korea
There is a well-documented association between socioeconomic status (SES) and unhealthy behaviors such as tobacco and alcohol consumption. Lower SES individuals in Chile and Finland were found more likely to abstain from alcohol but also more likely to engage in heavy episodic drinking (Pena et al., 2017). Lower SES was also found to be associated with tobacco, cannabis, and alcohol consumption among French young adults (Redonnet et al., 2012) and with alcohol consumption in India (Kumar et al., 2018). (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)
Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence - October 24, 2018 Category: Addiction Authors: Younoh Kim Tags: Full length article Source Type: research
