Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Automated broth-based systems versus the MYCOTB plate for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: challenges in interpretation
We examined categorical agreement between automated mycobacterial susceptibility testing methods (Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube [MGIT] 960 System and the VersaTREK Mycobacteria Detection and Susceptibility System) which are based on single critical concentration (CC) “breakpoints” and a commercial microbroth dilution method (Sensititre Mycobacterium tuberculosis MIC Plate [MYCOTB]) which provides an MIC value. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates (n=355) were tested against three first-line antimycobacterial agents (ethambutol [EMB], isoniazid [INH], rifampin [RIF]) using the MYCOTB plate and either the MGIT 960 (...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - January 5, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Isabella W. Martin, Kim Dionne, Sharon M. Deml, Nancy L. Wengenack, Nicole M. Parrish Source Type: research

A nitrocefin disc supplemented with ertapenem for rapid screening of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae
Reliable, simple and rapid methods for laboratory detection of carbapenemases are important for an appropriate antibiotic administration. A nitrocefin disc containing ertapenem for rapid screening of carbapenemase production among Enterobacteriaceae is developed in the present study. A total of 87 molecularly-confirmed Enterobacteriaceae including 31 carbapenemase producers and 56 non-carbapenemase producers, were tested with nitrocefin discs supplemented with and without ertapenem (20 μg/disc). (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - January 5, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yothin Teethaisong, Glyn Hobbs, Ismini Nakouti, Katie Evans, Griangsak Eumkeb Source Type: research

Evaluation of 4 molecular assays as part of a 2-step algorithm for the detection of Clostridium difficile in stool specimens
This study evaluated the performance of 4 nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) assays as part of a 2-step algorithm that involves reflexive NAAT following enzyme immunoassay (EIA) testing that is indeterminate for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) antigen and toxin A/B (GDH+/toxin − or GDH−/toxin+). A total of 500 stool specimens from consecutive patients were tested by each of the 5 methods and also evaluated as part of a 2-step algorithm. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - January 3, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Adam J. Caulfield, Catherine M. Bolster LaSalle, Yu-Hui H. Chang, Thomas E. Grys Tags: Bacteriology Source Type: research

Differences in suppression of regrowth and resistance despite similar initial bacterial killing for meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli
We described bacterial killing and resistance emergence at various fixed concentrations of meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Time-kill studies were conducted utilizing nine isolates and a large range of concentrations. Within each strain and antibiotic, initial killing was similar, with concentrations ≥2×MIC. At many (strain-specific) concentrations causing substantial initial killing, regrowth occurred at 24-48h. For remaining concentrations, growth typically remained suppressed ( (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - January 3, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Phillip J. Bergen, J ürgen B. Bulitta, Fekade B. Sime, Jeffrey Lipman, Megan J. McGregor, Nada Millen, David L. Paterson, Carl M.J. Kirkpatrick, Jason A. Roberts, Cornelia B. Landersdorfer Tags: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Study Source Type: research

Antimicrobial activity of ceftobiprole and comparator agents when tested against contemporary Gram-positive and -negative organisms collected from Europe (2015)
Susceptibility testing of ceftobiprole and comparators against 12,240 isolates was performed following CLSI/EUCAST guidelines. The percentage of susceptible MRSA isolates was higher for ceftobiprole (96.5% susceptible) than for ceftaroline (86.2% susceptible). Both ceftobiprole (MIC50/90, 0.5/2 mg/L) and ceftaroline (MIC50/90, 0.25/1 mg/L) demonstrated potent activity against coagulase-negative staphylococci. Ceftobiprole demonstrated good potency against Enterococcus faecalis (MIC50/90 values of 0.5/2 mg/L); ceftaroline (MIC50/90, 2/8 mg/L) was 4-fold less active against these strains. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - January 3, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: M.A. Pfaller, R.K. Flamm, L.R. Duncan, J.M. Streit, M. Castanheira, H.S. Sader Tags: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Study Source Type: research

Evaluation of 4 Molecular Assays as Part of a 2-Step Algorithm for the Detection of Clostridium difficile in Stool Specimens
This study evaluated the performance of 4 nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) assays as part of a 2-step algorithm that involves reflexive NAAT following enzyme immunoassay (EIA) testing that is indeterminate for glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) antigen and toxin A/B (GDH+/toxin − or GDH−/toxin+). A total of 500 stool specimens from consecutive patients were tested by each of the 5 methods and also evaluated as part of a 2-step algorithm. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - January 3, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Adam J. Caulfield, Catherine M. Bolster LaSalle, Yu-Hui H. Chang, Thomas E. Grys Source Type: research

Antimicrobial Activity of Ceftobiprole and Comparator Agents When Tested against Contemporary Gram-Positive and -Negative Organisms Collected from Europe (2015)
Susceptibility testing of ceftobiprole and comparators against 12,240 isolates was performed following CLSI/EUCAST guidelines. The percentage of susceptible MRSA isolates was higher for ceftobiprole (96.5% susceptible) than for ceftaroline (86.2% susceptible). Both ceftobiprole (MIC50/90, 0.5/2 mg/L) and ceftaroline (MIC50/90, 0.25/1 mg/L) demonstrated potent activity against coagulase-negative staphylococci. Ceftobiprole demonstrated good potency against Enterococcus faecalis (MIC50/90 values of 0.5/2 mg/L); ceftaroline (MIC50/90, 2/8 mg/L) was 4-fold less active against these strains. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - January 3, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: MA Pfaller, RK Flamm, LR Duncan, JM Streit, M Castanheira, HS Sader Source Type: research

The prevalence of mcr-1 and resistance characteristics of Escherichia coli isolates from diseased and healthy pigs
Colistin has been used as the last-line antibiotic for Escherichia coli infections. Herein, we collected 102 E. coli isolates from diseased pigs and 204 from healthy ones in Henan province of China. Then, we screened antimicrobial resistance and mcr-1 of bacteria. There was 25.5% (78/306) mcr-1 –positive porcine E. coli, in which 46 isolates (45.1%, 46/102) were obtained from diseased pigs; the others (15.7%, 32/204) were collected from healthy pigs (45.1% versus 15.7%, P=0.000). Meanwhile, the former presented more serious resistance to colistin, ceftiofur, cefquinome, gentamicin, amika cin, doxycycline, florfenicol, en...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - December 23, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Xiao-shen Li, Bao-guang Liu, Peng Dong, Fu-lin Li, Li Yuan, Gong-zheng Hu Tags: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Study Source Type: research

Spread of colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in Italy: characterization of the mcr-1.2 allelic variant in a colistin-resistant blood isolate of Escherichia coli
mcr-1.2, an allelic variant of the transferable colistin resistance gene mcr-1, was characterized in a colistin-resistant blood isolate of Escherichia coli. It was harbored by an IncX4-type plasmid (33,293 bp). Despite its low prevalence, the potentially worrying spread of the mcr-1 gene, particularly its mcr-1.2 variant, in Italy requires increasing surveillance. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - December 23, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Serena Simoni, Gianluca Morroni, Andrea Brenciani, Chiara Vincenzi, Oscar Cirioni, Sefora Castelletti, Pietro E. Varaldo, Eleonora Giovanetti, Marina Mingoia Tags: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Study Source Type: research

A seminested PCR assay for detection and typing of human papillomavirus based on E1 gene sequences
HPV infection is considered one of the leading causes of cervical cancer in the world. To date, more than 180 types of HPV have been described and viral typing is critical for defining the prognosis of cancer. In this work, a seminested PCR which allow fast and inexpensively detection and typing of HPV is presented. The system is based on the amplification of a variable length region within the viral gene E1, using three primers that potentially anneal in all HPV genomes. The amplicons produced in the first step can be identified by high resolution electrophoresis or direct sequencing. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - December 23, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Gustavo Henrique O. Cavalcante, Jos élio M.G. de Araújo, José Veríssimo Fernandes, Daniel C.F. Lanza Tags: Virology Source Type: research

An advanced uracil DNA glycosylase-supplemented loop-mediated isothermal amplification (UDG-LAMP) technique used in the sensitive and specific detection of Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium hominis, and Cryptosporidium meleagridis in AIDS patients
This study was conducted to examine a UDG-LAMP technique for the first time to diagnose cryptosporidiosis in APs. After collecting demographic and clinical data, three stool samples were collected from the participants (120 volunteering APs). The microscopic examination of stained smears using the acid-fast method and the UDG-LAMP assay were performed for each sample. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - December 23, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Shirzad Fallahi, Seyedeh Fatemeh Moosavi, Azadeh Karimi, Ali Sharafi Chegeni, Mohammad Saki, Parsa Namdari, Mohammad Menati Rashno, Ali Mohamad Varzi, Mohammad Javad Tarrahi, Mohammad Almasian Tags: Parasitology Source Type: research

The prevalence of mcr-1 and resistance characteristics of Escherichia coli isolates from diseased and healthy pigs
Colistin has been used as the last-line antibiotic for Escherichia coli infections. Herein, we collected 102 E. coli isolates from diseased pigs and 204 from healthy ones in Henan province of China. Then, we screened antimicrobial resistance and mcr-1 of bacteria. There was 25.5% (78/306) mcr-1 positive porcine E. coli, in which 46 isolates (45.1%, 46/102) obtained from diseased pigs, the others (15.7%, 32/204) collected from healthy pigs (45.1% versus 15.7%, P=0.000). Meanwhile, the former presented more serious resistance to colistin, ceftiofur, cefquinome, gentamicin, amikacin, doxycycline, florfenicol, enrofloxacin, an...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - December 23, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Xiao-shen Li, Bao-guang Liu, Peng Dong, Fu-lin Li, Li Yuan, Gong-zheng Hu Source Type: research

A seminested PCR assay for detection and typing of Human Papillomavirus based on E1 gene sequences
HPV infection is considered one of the leading causes of cervical cancer in the world. To date, more than 180 types of HPV have been described and viral typing is critical for defining the prognosis of cancer. In this work, a seminested PCR which allow fast and inexpensively detection and typing of HPV is presented. The system is based on the amplification of a variable length region within the viral gene E1, using three primers that anneal in potentially all HPV genomes. The amplicons produced in the first step can be identified by high resolution electrophoresis or direct sequencing. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - December 23, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Gustavo Henrique O. Cavalcante, Jos élio M.G. de Araújo, José Veríssimo Fernandes, Daniel C.F. Lanza Source Type: research