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Characterization of pEncl-30969cz, a novel ColE1-like plasmid encoding VIM-1 carbapenemase, from an Enterobacter cloacae sequence type 92 isolate
A VIM-1-producing ST92 Enterobacter cloacae was isolated in a Czech hospital. blaVIM-1 was part of the class 1 integron In110 carried by a Tn1721-like transposon. Tn1721-like was located on a ColE1-like plasmid, pEncl-30969cz (33,003 bp). Target site duplications at the boundaries of Tn1721-like suggested its transposition into the pEncl-30969cz backbone. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - February 4, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Costas C. Papagiannitsis, Veronika Paskova, Katerina Chudejova, Matej Medvecky, Ibrahim Bitar, Vladislav Jakubu, Helena Zemlickova, Roman Jirsa, Jaroslav Hrabak Tags: Note Source Type: research

Detection of colistin heteroresistance in Acinetobacter baumannii from blood and respiratory isolates
Polymyxins are one of the last-line antibiotics for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Reports have demonstrated the emergence of colistin heteroresistance in A. baumannii, which can complicate assessment of minimum inhibitory concentrations and promote resistance to colistin. We aimed to determine the presence of colistin heteroresistance in A. baumannii isolates and correlate the results with clinical and microbiological outcomes via a retrospective study of 24 adult patients: 12 blood and 12 invasive respiratory cultures positive for colistin-susceptible A. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - February 4, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Pavithra Srinivas, Lauren N. Hunt, Stephanie M. Pouch, Keelie Thomas, Debra A. Goff, Preeti Pancholi, Joan-Miquel Balada-Llasat, Karri A. Bauer Source Type: research

PCR Ribotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Isolates of Clostridium difficile Cultured from Toxin-Positive Diarrheal Stools of Patients Receiving Medical Care in Canadian Hospitals: The Canadian Clostridium difficile Surveillance Study (CAN-DIFF) 2013-2015
Clostridium difficile toxin-positive diarrheal stool specimens submitted to eight Canadian hospital laboratories from 2013 to 2015 were cultured. PCR-ribotyping of isolates was performed using an internationally-standardized, high-resolution capillary gel-based electrophoresis protocol and antimicrobial susceptibility testing conducted by CLSI-defined agar dilution (M11-A8, 2012). Among the 1,310 isolates of C. difficile cultured, 141 different ribotypes were identified; the most common ribotypes were 027 (24.5% of isolates), 014 (7.7%), 020 (6.6%), 106 (6.1%), and 002 (4.6%). (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - February 4, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: James A. Karlowsky, Heather J. Adam, Tyler Kosowan, Melanie R. Baxter, Kim A. Nichol, Nancy M. Laing, George Golding, George G. Zhanel Source Type: research

Detection of colistin heteroresistance in Acinetobacter baumannii from blood and respiratory isolates
Polymyxins are one of the last line antibiotics for multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Reports have demonstrated the emergence of colistin heteroresistance in A.baumannii, which can complicate assessment of minimum inhibitory concentrations and promote resistance to colistin. We aimed to determine the presence of colistin heteroresistance in A.baumannii isolates and correlate the results with clinical and microbiological outcomes via a retrospective study of 24 adult patients – 12 blood and 12 invasive respiratory cultures positive for colistin susceptible A.baumannii between 1 January 2013 and 31 July 2015. (S...
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - February 4, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Pavithra Srinivas, Lauren N. Hunt, Stephanie M. Pouch, Keelie Thomas, Debra A. Goff, Preeti Pancholi, Joan-Miquel Balada-Llasat, Karri A. Bauer Source Type: research

A case of late-onset cytomegalovirus myocarditis in an orthotopic heart transplant recipient; case report and review of the literature
We describe a male patient who presents 2 years posttransplant with cough and dyspnea. A negative pulmonary workup led to an endomyocardial biopsy and the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) myocarditis. The patient was treated with ganciclovir and intravenous immunoglobulin. This illustrates a very late presentation of posttransplant CMV myocarditis and the usefulness of myocardial biopsy in diagnosis of CMV carditis. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - February 3, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ruben Mylvaganam, Allison Glaser, Noah Moss, Meenakshi Rana Tags: Note Source Type: research

Colistin-resistant KPC-2 –producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST423 harboring an IS5-like element in the mgrB gene isolated from cerebrospinal fluid
We describe colistin-resistant KPC-2 –producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from cerebrospinal fluid, belonging to ST423, selected during treatment for neuroinfection. Colistin resistance was related to mgrB gene interruption by an IS5-like. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - February 3, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Hemilly Rayanne Ferreira da Silva, Marinalda Anselmo Vilela, Anna Carolina Soares Almeida, M árcia Maria Camargo de Morais Source Type: research

Amikacin and cefoperazone/sulbactam alone or in combination against carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) has become a major therapeutic problem worldwide. Combination therapy may be an alternative chemotherapeutic option. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - February 3, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yun Cai, Deqing Yang, Jin Wang, Rui Wang Source Type: research

Is the risk of early neurologic Lyme borreliosis reduced by preferentially treating patients with erythema migrans with doxycycline?
Doxycycline is highly effective treatment for early neurologic Lyme borreliosis (NLB). Nineteen studies were reviewed to determine if treatment of patients with erythema migrans with other oral antibiotics would increase the risk for developing NLB. In the eight studies that directly compared doxycycline to another antibiotic, the pooled difference indicated a 0.2% greater risk of developing NLB in doxycycline-treated patients (95% CI: −1.0%, +1.4%; P = 0.77), with an estimated heterogeneity of 0.0%, P = 0.58. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - February 3, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Franc Strle, Da ša Stupica, Petra Bogovič, Paul Visintainer, Gary P. Wormser Source Type: research

A culture medium for screening 16S rRNA methylase-producing pan-aminoglycoside resistant Gram-negative bacteria
The amikacin plus gentamicin-containing SuperAminoglycoside medium was developed for screening multiple-aminoglycoside resistance in Gram-negative bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii). It was evaluated using aminoglycoside-susceptible (n=12) and aminoglycoside-resistant (n=59) Gram-negative isolates, including 16S rRNA methylase producers (n=20). Its sensitivity and specificity of detection were, respectively, of 95% and 96% for detecting multiple aminoglycoside-resistant methylase producers. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - February 3, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Patrice Nordmann, Alain Maz é, Esther Culebras, Jan Dobias, Aurélie Jayol, Laurent Poirel Source Type: research

Prolonged linezolid use is associated with the development of linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecium
We assessed risk factors for and outcomes of linezolid-resistant vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (LRVREF) bacteremia over 7 years. Thirty-four LRVREF cases were matched to 68 linezolid-susceptible VREF controls. The odds of bacteremia with LRVREF increased by 7% for each additional day of prior linezolid exposure. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - February 3, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Tiffeny T. Smith, Pranita D. Tamma, Tiffany B. Do, Kathryn E. Dzintars, Yuan Zhao, Sara E. Cosgrove, Edina Avdic Source Type: research

Oritavancin in vitro activity against gram-positive organisms from European and United States medical centers: results from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program for 2010 –2014
The in vitro activity of oritavancin was assessed against 44,715 gram-positive pathogens causing infections in European and United States (US) hospitals (2010 –2014). There were no substantive differences (>±2-fold dilution) in oritavancin MIC50 or MIC90 values for different species/organism groups over time or by region. Oritavancin (99.9% susceptible) showed modal MIC, MIC50, and MIC90 results of 0.03, 0.03, and 0.06–0.12 mg/L when tested against Staphylococcus aureus, regardless of methicillin su sceptibility, year, or region. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - February 3, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: M.A. Pfaller, H.S. Sader, R.K. Flamm, M. Castanheira, Rodrigo E. Mendes Source Type: research

A Case of Late-onset Cytomegalovirus Myocarditis in an Orthotopic Heart Transplant Recipient; Case Report and Review of the Literature
We describe a male patient who presents two years posttransplant with cough and dyspnea. A negative pulmonary workup led to an endomyocardial biopsy and the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) myocarditis. The patient was treated with ganciclovir and IVIG. This illustrates a very late presentation of post-transplant CMV myocarditis and the usefulness of myocardial biopsy in diagnosis of CMV carditis. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - February 3, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ruben Mylvaganam, Allison Glaser, Noah Moss, Meenakshi Rana Tags: Note Source Type: research

Is the risk of early neurologic lyme borreliosis reduced by preferentially treating patients with erythema migrans with doxycycline?
Doxycycline is highly effective treatment for early neurologic Lyme borreliosis (NLB). 19 studies were reviewed to determine if treatment of patients with erythema migrans with other oral antibiotics would increase the risk for developing NLB. In the 8 studies that directly compared doxycycline to another antibiotic, the pooled difference indicated a 0.2% greater risk of developing NLB in doxycycline treated patients (95% CI: -1.0%, +1.4%; p=0.77), with an estimated heterogeneity of 0.0%, p=0.58. (Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease)
Source: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease - February 3, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Franc Strle, Da ša Stupica, Petra Bogovič, Paul Visintainer, Gary P. Wormser Source Type: research