Advances in clinical research on glucagon
AbstractWe are now celebrating the 100th anniversary of the discovery of an important pancreatic hormone, glucagon. Glucagon is historically described as a diabetogenic hormone elevating glucose levels via increases in insulin resistance and hepatic gluconeogenesis. The more recently identified actions of glucagon include not only its pathophysiologic effects on glucose metabolism but also its significant roles in amino-acid metabolism in the liver. The possibility that abnormalities in α-cells’ secretion of glucagon in metabolic disorders are a compensatory adaptation for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis is ano...
Source: Diabetology International - March 23, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Association between erectile dysfunction and subjective well-being in primary care patients with type 2 diabetes
ConclusionErectile dysfunction and subjective well-being were interrelated. Early detection of erectile dysfunction is essential for improving the positive mental health of men with type 2 diabetes in primary care. (Source: Diabetology International)
Source: Diabetology International - March 12, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Pregnancy-associated fulminant type 1 diabetes: a case report and review of the literature
We report a case of PF, review the published literature and consider a cesarean section at the onset of PF. A 39-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea and nausea. The patient was diagnosed with PF. Insulin Lispro and Glargine were administered to control the blood glucose levels. Six hours later, the fetus died. The fetal status due to PF probably worsened during the conservative treatment. No perioperative complications have been reported for cesarean sections under diabetic ketoacidosis due to PF and there have been cases of live birth by emergency cesarean section. Identifying the features of PF and c...
Source: Diabetology International - March 12, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
A case of rapidly progressive insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus without islet autoantibodies developed over two years after the first dose of nivolumab
AbstractThe case was an 80-year-old Japanese man. He was diagnosed with right renal cell carcinoma when he was 74. After laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, the patient received interferon, sorafenib, axitinib, and nivolumab therapy. The patient developed rapid progressive insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DM) after 46 courses of nivolumab monotherapy (772 days from the first nivolumab treatment). Glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody, islet cell cytoplasmic antibody, islet cell antigen-2 antibody, insulin antibody, and zinc transporter 8 antibody were all negative. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing showed DRB1*09:01,...
Source: Diabetology International - March 11, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Correction: New diagnostic criteria (2023) for slowly progressive type 1 diabetes (SPIDDM): Report from Committee on Type 1 Diabetes in Japan Diabetes Society (English version)
(Source: Diabetology International)
Source: Diabetology International - March 7, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Monogenic diabetes
In this study, we characterize the various monogenic subtypes of diabetes so far identified. (Source: Diabetology International)
Source: Diabetology International - February 29, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Type 1 diabetes mellitus following COVID-19 vaccination: a report of two cases and review of literature
AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection, which led to the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has promoted the development of novel therapeutic agents and vaccines to combat the global spread of the virus. While the COVID-19 vaccines approved thus far have proven to be effective in clinical settings, there have been reports of autoimmune diseases occurring following vaccination, including autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvant syndrome. We herein report two cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus that occurred following COVID-19 vaccination and provide a literature review. B...
Source: Diabetology International - February 29, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Impact of inpatient management of hyperglycemia on peripheral T cell markers in patients with type 2 diabetes
In this study, we hypothesized that this improvement might involve changes in T cell function. We compared the peripheral T cell markers between the people with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) admitted to our hospital for glycemic control, and then in patients with T2D before and after the improvement of hyperglycemia by inpatient treatment. Expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3), co-suppressive molecules, CD26 and CD28 on CD4-positive and/or CD8-positive T cells, the Th1/Th2 ratio, and the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) were not significantly different between ...
Source: Diabetology International - February 26, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Advances in basic research on glucagon and alpha cells
AbstractThe regulation of plasma amino acid levels by glucagon in humans first attracted the attention of researchers in the 1980s. Recent basic research using animal models of glucagon deficiency suggested that a major physiological role of glucagon is the regulation of amino acid metabolism rather than to increase blood glucose levels. In this regard, novel feedback regulatory mechanisms that are mediated by glucagon and amino acids have recently been described between islet alpha cells and the liver. Increasingly, hyperglucagonemia in humans with diabetes and/or nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases is reported to likely be...
Source: Diabetology International - February 26, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Incidence of overt diabetes in pregnancy among women with 50-g glucose challenge test ≥ 200 mg/dL
ConclusionIncidence of ODIP was 23.6% of women with 50-g GCT ≥ 200 mg/dL. BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and 50-g GCT ≥ 240 mg/dL independently increased the risk of GDM and ODIP. Neonatal complications were comparable between ODIP and those with and without GDM. (Source: Diabetology International)
Source: Diabetology International - February 24, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Current status of screening and management of gestational diabetes in early pregnancy: a questionnaire survey in Japan
AbstractOur aim is to investigate the obstetric practices in Japan regarding the screening and management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosed before 20 weeks of gestation (early-GDM). A web-based questionnaire survey was administered to 991 teaching hospitals between November 2021 and February 2022, and 602 responses were received (a response rate of 61%). Screening tests for all pregnant women in the first trimester were conducted in 553 (92%) h ospitals, and nearly all of these hospitals (535/553 [97%]) adhered to an individual protocol, predominantly relying on random plasma glucose measurements (488/535 ...
Source: Diabetology International - February 20, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Predictors of the effectiveness of isCGM usage in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: post-hoc analysis of the ISCHIA study
ConclusionsOur findings suggest that more frequent scanning of isCGM may be beneficial to reduce TBR in T1D adults. (Source: Diabetology International)
Source: Diabetology International - February 15, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Exosomal UMOD gene expression and urinary uromodulin level as early noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients
ConclusionUrinary exosomal mRNA ofUMOD and urinary uromodulin levels are progressively elevated in an early stage of DN, even before the microalbuminuria stage, so they could be used as early predictors for DN. (Source: Diabetology International)
Source: Diabetology International - February 12, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Changes in serum levels of liver-related parameters, uric acid, and hemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus under treatment with tofogliflozin —a post-hoc analysis of the UTOPIA study
ConclusionsThe beneficial effects of tofogliflozin on circulating levels of hepatic enzymes, uric acid, and Hb lasted for 2 years in patients with T2DM.Clinical trial registrationUMIN000017607 (https://www.umin.ac.jp/icdr/index.html) (Source: Diabetology International)
Source: Diabetology International - February 10, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Mortality in childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus with onset between 1959 and 1996: A population-based study in Hokkaido, Japan
ConclusionsThis cohort study revealed a decrease in the mortality rate between 1959 —1979 and 1990—1996 in patients with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes in Japan. Patients with onset after puberty had a higher mortality rate than those with onset before puberty. (Source: Diabetology International)
Source: Diabetology International - January 24, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
