Remission of type 2 diabetes: always more questions, but enough answers for action
AbstractThe concept of type 2 diabetes remission is evolving rapidly, and gaining wide public and professional interest, following demonstration that with substantial intentional weight loss almost nine in ten people with type 2 diabetes can reduce their HbA1c level below the diagnostic criterion (48 mmol/mol [6.5%]) without glucose-lowering medications, and improve all features of the metabolic syndrome. Pursuing nomoglycaemia with older drugs was dangerous because of the risk of side effects and hypoglycaemia, so the conventional treatment target was an HbA1c concentration of 53 mmol/mol (7%), meaning that diabetes was s...
Source: Diabetologia - January 8, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists reverse nerve morphological abnormalities in diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Conclusions/interpretationThis study demonstrates the efficacy of GLP-1 RAs in improving neuropathy outcomes, evidenced by improvements in mainly structural and morphological measures and supported by electrophysiological and clinical endpoints. Future studies, incorporating quantitative sensory testing and measurement of intraepidermal nerve fibre density, are needed to investigate the benefits for small fibre function and structure.Graphical Abstract (Source: Diabetologia)
Source: Diabetologia - January 8, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Maternal and neonatal outcomes according to the timing of diagnosis of hyperglycaemia in pregnancy: a nationwide cross-sectional study of 695,912 deliveries in France in 2018
Conclusions/interpretationCompared with GDM22 –30, overt diabetes, GDM<22 and, to a lesser extent, GDM>30 were associated with poorer maternal –fetal outcomes.Graphical Abstract (Source: Diabetologia)
Source: Diabetologia - January 5, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Type 2 diabetes and succinate: unmasking an age-old molecule
AbstractBeyond their conventional roles in intracellular energy production, some traditional metabolites also function as extracellular messengers that activate cell-surface G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) akin to hormones and neurotransmitters. These signalling metabolites, often derived from nutrients, the gut microbiota or the host ’s intermediary metabolism, are now acknowledged as key regulators of various metabolic and immune responses. This review delves into the multi-dimensional aspects of succinate, a dual metabolite with roots in both the mitochondria and microbiome. It also connects the dots between succi...
Source: Diabetologia - January 5, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
The impact of taxing sugar-sweetened beverages on diabetes: a critical review
AbstractThe global burden of type 2 diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate, fuelled by the obesity epidemic, with significant associated health and economic consequences and apparent inequalities. Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a major source of added sugars in diets worldwide and have been linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes through a variety of mechanisms, including excess weight. Taxing SSBs has become a promising public health strategy to reduce consumption and mitigate the burden of type 2 diabetes. A substantial body of evidence suggests that SSB taxes lead to increased prices and subsequent redu...
Source: Diabetologia - January 4, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Twenty years of participation of racialised groups in type 2 diabetes randomised clinical trials: a meta-epidemiological review
Conclusions/interpretationRacialised participants are under-represented in government- and industry-funded type 2 diabetes trials. Strategies to improve recruitment and enrolment of racialised participants into RCTs should be developed.RegistrationOpen Science Framework registration no. f59mk (https://osf.io/f59mk)FundingThe authors received no financial support for this research or authorship of the article.Graphical Abstract (Source: Diabetologia)
Source: Diabetologia - January 4, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Comments on the notion of false positivity in measurements of autoantibodies. Reply to Grill V, S ørgjerd E, Hals I, Carlsson S [letter]
(Source: Diabetologia)
Source: Diabetologia - January 4, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Comments on the notion of false positivity in measurements of autoantibodies
(Source: Diabetologia)
Source: Diabetologia - January 4, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
ADGRL1 is a glucose receptor involved in mediating energy and glucose homeostasis
Conclusions/interpretationAltogether, our findings demonstrate that ADGRL1 binds glucose and is involved in energy as well as glucose homeostasis in a sex-dependent manner. Targeting ADGRL1 may introduce a new class of drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.Graphical Abstract (Source: Diabetologia)
Source: Diabetologia - January 1, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Multi-omic prediction of incident type 2 diabetes
Conclusions/interpretationOmic approaches provided marginal improvements in prediction of incident type 2 diabetes. However, while a polygenic risk score does improve prediction in people with an HbA1c in the normoglycaemic range, the group in whom prediction would be most useful, even individuals with a high polygenic burden in that subgroup had a low absolute type 2 diabetes risk. This suggests a limited feasibility of implementing targeted population-based genetic screening for preventative interventions.Graphical Abstract (Source: Diabetologia)
Source: Diabetologia - January 1, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Oral magnesium supplementation does not affect insulin sensitivity in people with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes and a low serum magnesium: a randomised controlled trial
Conclusions/interpretationDespite an albeit modest increase in serum magnesium concentration, oral magnesium supplementation does not improve insulin sensitivity in people with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes and low magnesium levels.Trial registrationEudraCT number 2021-001243-27.FundingThis study was supported by a grant from the Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation (2017 –81–014).Graphical Abstract (Source: Diabetologia)
Source: Diabetologia - January 1, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Apolipoprotein L genes are novel mediators of inflammation in beta cells
Conclusions/interpretationAPOLs are novel regulators of islet inflammation and may contribute to beta cell damage during the development of diabetes.Data availabilityscRNAseq data generated by our laboratory and used in this study are available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO;www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/), accession number GSE218316.Graphical Abstract (Source: Diabetologia)
Source: Diabetologia - January 1, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Associations between type 1 diabetes and educational outcomes: an Aotearoa/New Zealand nationwide birth cohort study using the Integrated Data Infrastructure
Conclusions/interpretationIn this whole NZ birth cohort study, type 1 diabetes was associated with lower educational outcomes spanning secondary school and into university enrolment. Ongoing efforts to support students with type 1 diabetes are needed, particularly for those with a greater risk profile.Graphical Abstract (Source: Diabetologia)
Source: Diabetologia - January 1, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
The metabolomic signature of weight loss and remission in the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT)
Conclusions/interpretationWe have characterised the metabolomic effects of an integrated weight management programme previously shown to deliver weight loss and diabetes remission. A large proportion of the metabolome appears to be modifiable. Patterns of change were largely and strikingly opposite to perturbances previously documented with the development of type 2 diabetes.Data availabilityThe data used for analysis are available on a research data repository (https://researchdata.gla.ac.uk/) with access given to researchers subject to appropriate data sharing agreements. Metabolite data preparation, data pre-processing,...
Source: Diabetologia - January 1, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
Glycaemia risk index uncovers distinct glycaemic variability patterns associated with remission status in type 1 diabetes
Conclusions/interpretationGRI, an integrative index, together with other traditional CGM metrics, helps to identify different glycaemic variability patterns; this might provide specifically tailored monitoring and management strategies for individuals in the various subclusters.Graphical Abstract (Source: Diabetologia)
Source: Diabetologia - January 1, 2024 Category: Endocrinology Source Type: research
