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Acute effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, exenatide, on blood pressure and heart rate responses to intraduodenal glucose infusion in type 2 diabetes
Conclusion: In type 2 diabetes, intravenous exenatide increases mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate during an intraduodenal glucose infusion, supporting the need for further research with exenatide for its potential use in postprandial hypotension. (Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research)
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - December 8, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Thazhath, S. S., Marathe, C. S., Wu, T., Chang, J., Khoo, J., Kuo, P., Checklin, H. L., Bound, M. J., Rigda, R. S., Horowitz, M., Jones, K. L., Rayner, C. K. Tags: Brief Reports Source Type: research

Interdisciplinary treatment of diabetic foot wounds in the elderly: Low risk of amputations and mortality and good chance of being mobile with good quality of life
Conclusion: With careful interdisciplinary evaluation, elderly patients with diabetic foot syndrome can be treated with favourable outcome. Mobility before and after treatment deserves more attention as a predictor of treatment success and outcome parameter. (Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research)
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - December 8, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Hartmann, B., Fottner, C., Herrmann, K., Limbourg, T., Weber, M. M., Beckh, K. Tags: Brief Reports Source Type: research

A non-exercise method to determine cardiorespiratory fitness identifies females predicted to be at 'high risk of type 2 diabetes
This study examined the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness determined by a non-exercise testing method for estimating fitness and predicted risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus using five risk assessments/questionnaires (Leicester Diabetes Risk Score, QDiabetes, Cambridge Risk Score, Finnish Diabetes Risk Score and American Diabetes Association Diabetes Risk Test). Retrospective analysis was performed on 330 female individuals with no prior diagnosis of cardiovascular disease or type 2 diabetes mellitus who participated in the Prosiect Sir Gâr workplace initiative in Carmarthenshire, South Wales. N...
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - December 8, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Gray, B. J., Stephens, J. W., Turner, D., Thomas, M., Williams, S. P., Morgan, K., Williams, M., Rice, S., Bracken, R. M., on behalf of the Prosiect Sir Gar Group Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

White matter injury induced by diabetes in acute stroke is clinically relevant: A preliminary study
The importance of white matter injury induced by diabetes in stroke severity and prognosis is largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the relationship between diabetes-related white matter injury beyond stroke lesions with acute neurological deficits and clinical outcome after stroke. In total, 36 stroke patients within 3–7 days after onset were enrolled. Neurological deficits on admission were assessed by National Institute of Health Stroke Score, and poor outcome at 3 months was defined as modified Rankin score >2. White matter tracts were compared between patients with diabetic and non-diabetic stroke using fr...
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - December 8, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Yu, X., Song, R., Jiaerken, Y., Yuan, L., Huang, P., Lou, M., Jiang, Q., Zhang, M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Tetrahydrobiopterin rescues impaired responses of cerebral resistance arterioles during type 1 diabetes
Our goal was to test the hypothesis that administration of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) would improve impaired endothelial nitric oxide synthase–dependent dilation of cerebral arterioles during type 1 diabetes. In addition, we examined the influence of BH4 on levels of superoxide in brain tissue. In vivo diameter of cerebral arterioles in nondiabetic and diabetic rats was measured in response to endothelial nitric oxide synthase–dependent agonists (acetylcholine and adenosine 5'-diphosphate) and an endothelial nitric oxide synthase–independent agonist (nitroglycerine) before and during application of BH4 (1....
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - December 8, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Mayhan, W. G., Arrick, D. M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Patient characteristics related to metabolic disorders and chronic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients hospitalized at the Qingdao Endocrine and Diabetes Hospital from 2006 to 2012 in China
Conclusion: Inadequate control of hyperglycaemia, poor metabolic profiles and diabetic complications were common challenges for long-term diabetes management in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. (Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research)
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - December 8, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Dong, Y., Gao, W., Zhang, L., Wei, J., Hammar, N., Cabrera, C. S., Wu, X., Qiao, Q. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling in diabetic endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis
It is well established that diabetes mellitus accelerates atherosclerotic vascular disease. Endothelial injury has been proposed to be the initial event in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Endothelium not only acts as a semi-selective barrier but also serves physiological and metabolic functions. Diabetes or high glucose in circulation triggers a series of intracellular responses and organ damage such as endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis. One such response is high glucose-induced chronic endoplasmic reticulum stress in the endothelium. The unfolded protein response is an acute reaction that enables cells to overcom...
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - December 8, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Dong, Y., Fernandes, C., Liu, Y., Wu, Y., Wu, H., Brophy, M. L., Deng, L., Song, K., Wen, A., Wong, S., Yan, D., Towner, R., Chen, H. Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Vascular risk in obesity: Facts, misconceptions and the unknown
Obesity is a major burden on healthcare systems worldwide due to the association with numerous complications, arguably the most important of which are the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Both are thought to develop from similar origins and occur at variable rates in obese individuals, including those with similar body mass indices. This phenomenon is likely a result of an increased susceptibility for the storage of excess fat in the wrong place, namely, ectopic fat surrounding the liver, pancreas and muscles. This triggers a concatenation of events leading to insulin resistance and inflammation w...
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - December 8, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: King, R. J., Ajjan, R. A. Tags: Review Articles Source Type: research

Coronary thrombosis in diabetes: Are we doing enough?
(Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research)
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - October 14, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ajjan, R. Tags: Commentary Source Type: research

Transcutaneous calf-muscle electro-stimulation: A prospective treatment for diabetic claudicants?
Conclusion: Electrical stimulation of varying low to high frequencies on ischaemic calf muscles significantly increased the maximal walking capacity in claudicants with type 2 diabetes. This therapeutic approach may be considered in patients with impaired exercise tolerance or as an adjunct treatment modality. (Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research)
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - October 14, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ellul, C., Gatt, A. Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Tofogliflozin, a selective inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, suppresses renal damage in KKAy/Ta mice, obese and type 2 diabetic animals
Conclusion: Our present results demonstrated that tofogliflozin could suppress albuminuria and tubulointerstitial injury in obese and type 2 diabetic mice. Inhibition of glucose entry into tubular cells by tofogliflozin may exert renoprotective properties in diabetes. (Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research)
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - October 14, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Ishibashi, Y., Matsui, T., Yamagishi, S.-i. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research

Fasting glucose levels, incident diabetes, subclinical atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events in apparently healthy adults: A 12-year longitudinal study
In conclusion, fasting plasma glucose in 1998 and incident diabetes were associated with higher cardiovascular burden. (Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research)
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - October 14, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Sitnik, D., Santos, I. S., Goulart, A. C., Staniak, H. L., Manson, J. E., Lotufo, P. A., Bensenor, I. M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain is a stronger predictor of depression than other diabetic complications and comorbidities
Conclusion: Painful diabetic polyneuropathy is a greater determinant of depression than other diabetes-related complications and comorbidities. Painful symptoms enhance depression severity more than objective insensitivity. (Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research)
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - October 14, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: DAmato, C., Morganti, R., Greco, C., Di Gennaro, F., Cacciotti, L., Longo, S., Mataluni, G., Lauro, D., Marfia, G. A., Spallone, V. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Effect of gamma-carboxylase inhibition on serum osteocalcin may be partially protective against developing diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 2 diabetic rats
Conclusion: Undercarboxylated osteocalcin was suggested to have protective effects against diabetic cardiomyopathy, possibly through direct action on upregulated G protein–coupled receptor family C group 6 member A and indirectly via adiponectin. These effects may be mediated through antagonizing oxidative stress and apoptosis. (Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research)
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - October 14, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Gamal, S. M., Sadek, N. B., Rashed, L. A., Shawky, H. M., Gamal El-Din, M. M. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research

Impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on recurrent myocardial infarction in China
To evaluate the influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the long-term outcomes of Chinese patients with previous myocardial infarction, we studied 864 patients with previous myocardial infarction, including 251 with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 613 without type 2 diabetes mellitus, over a median follow-up time of 2.9 years. The type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were subdivided into 95 insulin-treated diabetes mellitus and 156 non-insulin-treated diabetes mellitus subjects. The crude incidences (per 1000 patient-years) in the type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects versus the non-type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects were 43.7 versu...
Source: Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research - October 14, 2016 Category: Endocrinology Authors: Li, W., Li, M., Gao, C., Wang, X., Qi, D., Liu, J., Jin, Q. Tags: Original Articles Source Type: research