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New Technical Aspects Used in the Management of Desensitization to Antineoplastic Drugs
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review will focus on the most recent technical developments in rapid drug desensitization to antineoplastic agents (chemotherapy and biologics). It is designed as an update for the initiated and not a review of fundamental concepts.Recent FindingsThe recent publication of several international guidelines on diagnosing and managing drug hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapy and biologics is set to revolutionize this field for allergy specialists. These guidelines resulted from leading groups coming together and collaborating to facilitate that allergy departments worldwide could expand the...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - July 25, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

New Challenges in Drug Allergy: the Resurgence of Excipients
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAllergy to excipients is a cause of multidrug allergy and if it is not taken into account, it can lead to unexpected severe reactions. If an excipient allergy is suspected, an accurate examination followed by algorithms is very important for a correct diagnosis and to give patients detailed information in order to avoid future reactions.Recent FindingsIn recent times, due to allergy COVID vaccine reactions, interest in excipients as polyethylene glycol derivatives (PEGs) has increased as a possible cause of drug and vaccine hypersensivity. In addition to PEGs many other excipients as gelatin, alpha...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - July 24, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Accidental Reactions to Foods: Frequency, Causes, and Severity
AbstractPurpose of ReviewIn this review, we present the epidemiology of food allergy and allergic reactions to foods using studies that have been published over the past decade. We review these allergic reactions — how they differ by food trigger, geographic region, demographic distribution, setting, and severity.Recent FindingsThe rising prevalence of food allergy and persistent accidental allergic reactions to foods in various settings remains a worldwide concern. Differences in global prevalence, food triggers for reactions, and severity of accidental reactions may be explained by diversity in diets and food labeling ...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - July 9, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Hereditary Angioedema: Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Therapy
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis review will focus on our current understanding of the pathogenesis of hereditary angioedema (HAE) and its therapy. HAE is classically meant to describe C1 inhibitor deficiency, a form of angioedema that leads to overproduction of bradykinin due to loss of control of enzymatic reactions. Treatment can be directed to acute attacks and/or focused on prophylaxis to prevent attacks that can vary from peripheral to gastrointestinal, to laryngeal individually or in any combination.Recent FindingsAcute therapy employs a bradykinin B-2 receptor antagonist, inhibition of plasma kallikrein, or an intrave...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - July 2, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Poultry Meat allergy: a Review of Allergens and Clinical Phenotypes
AbstractPurpose of reviewIn the recent years, more cases of poultry meat allergy, both IgE- or non-IgE-mediated, are being reported. Patients have varied clinical reactivity at various levels of sensitivity to different meat preparations. The lack of validated biomarkers renders accurate diagnosis challenging. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the current status of poultry meat allergy along with a description on the allergens implicated.Recent findingsPoultry meat allergy occurs as a result of cross-reactions with known allergens of egg yolk or bird feathers or as genuine IgE-mediated sensitivity to allerge...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - June 27, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Adverse Reactions to Anti-Infective Vaccines: an Emerging Problem in the COVID-19 Era
AbstractPurpose of reviewVaccines are an essential tool for preventing infectious diseases and reducing associated morbidity and mortality. Vaccination has a significant impact at both individual and community levels, and COVID ‐19 vaccination programs are a new example of the great value of this public health strategy. However, adverse reactions, especially severe reactions such as anaphylaxis, prevent these programs from progressing properly, thus limiting vaccination uptake in the population.Recent findingsThe frequency of reactions and types of vaccine components, with special attention to COVID-19 vaccines studies, ...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - June 25, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Skin Barrier Abnormalities in Atopic Dermatitis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, inflammatory, relapsing skin disease with intense itch. The disease affects approximately 20% of children and up to 10% of adults in affluent countries, however, the prevalence is fluctuating across the world and across ethnical groups.This review focuses on the epidermal barrier abnormalities in AD and recent studies investigating the genetic, immunologic, and microbial aspects in the pathophysiology of AD.Recent FindingsLoss-of-function (LoF) mutations in filaggrin (FLG) is the most important genetic risk factor for development of AD, and a major contributor to...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - June 24, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Chronic Rhinitis Treatment: Effects on Obstructive Sleep Apnea
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewThe coexistence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and chronic rhinitis, two very frequent entities with different relevance in terms of morbidity and mortality in general population, is well-known. This review summarizes the relationship of both, and how different treatments for chronic rhinitis can contribute significantly to the management of OSA. The connection between nasal inflammation and continuous positive airway pressure is also characterized.Recent FindingsNasal tolerance to Continous Airway Positive Pressure (CPAP) is sometimes problematic, and the occurrence of nasal irritation may l...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - June 2, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Shifts in Asthma Evaluation and Management During COVID-19
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe comprehensive management of asthma has historically relied on in-person visits to obtain a detailed history, thorough physical exam, and diagnostic and monitoring tools such as pulmonary function testing. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed numerous challenges to adequately utilizing these strategies. Despite these limitations, telemedicine has provided an important means to deliver asthma care. In this review, we discuss how these challenges have created paradigm shifts in not only the clinical aspects of asthma management, but also in patient attitudes and physician –patient relationships.Recen...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - May 13, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

The Economic Burden of Food Allergy: What We Know and What We Need to Learn
AbstractPurpose of ReviewFood allergy management and treatment require dietary modification, are associated with significant burdens, and affect food choices and behaviours. Emerging therapies, such as oral immunotherapy (OIT), provide a glimmer of hope for those living with the condition. Some burdens have received substantial focus, whereas many knowledge gaps on the significance of other impacts, including economic burden, remain.Recent FindingsEvidence from many countries, but disproportionately from the United States, supports that food allergy carries significant healthcare and societal costs. Early introduction for ...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - April 28, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Epidemiology of Anaphylaxis Induced by Food: Incidence, Trends, Natural History, and Bias
We present an updated information on the epidemiology of food-induced anaphylaxis based on meta-analyses and epidemiology studies published in the last 5 to 10  years. Our review covers incidence, trends, natural history (recurrence and deaths), differences by geographic region, foods involved, and demographic and ethnic distributions.Recent FindingsVarious studies and meta-analyses worldwide report a high frequency of food-induced anaphylaxis in childhood and adolescence and an increase in rates of anaphylaxis managed in health care settings. Major efforts have been made to determine whether the frequency of food anaphyl...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - April 27, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Plant Contact Dermatitis in 2021
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewAllergic contact dermatitis to plants is a complex and common condition of the dermatologic practice. The large number of plants and associated allergens has hampered a better understanding of this topic by the common medical practitioners and dermatologist.Recent FindingsThe number of new species and associated allergens, involved in allergic contact dermatitis of plants, has increased in the last years. Different approaches to the subject have been proposed, but the chemical classification seems useful, as it may predict cross-reactivity between different plant species.SummaryWe review the mo...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - April 8, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Immunological Mechanisms in Allergic Contact Dermatitis
AbstractPurpose of the reviewThe understanding of the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) has increased dramatically.Recent findingsBesides CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, other cell types such as innate lymphoid cells, natural killer T cells (NKT), natural killer cells, and T regulatory cells have emerged as crucial key players. New immunological insights have unravelled that the predominant effector cell type determines the clinical pictures. Hence, a better understanding of the involvement of distinct effector cells has shed light on the diversity of ACD reactions and subsequent clinical pict...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - April 4, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Updated Criteria to Include Contact Allergens in the European Baseline Series With Suggested Additions
This article discusses these shifts in exposure and hence potential additions and deletions from the EBS.Recent findingsThe formaldehyde-releasing preservatives imidazolidinyl urea 2% pet., diazolidinyl urea 2% pet. and 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol 0.5% pet. should be considered for inclusion in the EBS as published data has shown formaldehyde 2% aq. is an inadequate screen for contact allergy to the formaldehyde releasers. Other potential additions include isothiazolinones preservatives, sodium metabiosulphite, linalool hydroperoxide and limonene hydroperoxide, Compositae mix II, sorbitan monooleate and sorbitan sesqui...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - April 1, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Management of Acute Pediatric Rhinosinusitis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe goal of this paper is to discuss the current diagnostic criterion, pharmaceutical, and surgical treatments for pediatric acute rhinosinusitis with and without complications.Recent FindingsThe use of balloon sinuplasty to treat complicated acute frontal sinusitis, in the pediatric population, has been shown to be safe and effective.SummaryPediatric upper respiratory infections and acute bacterial rhinosinusitis are two of the most common diagnoses made in outpatient pediatric office visits. The majority of pediatric acute rhinosinusitis illnesses can be treated with conservative measures. Amoxic...
Source: Current Treatment Options in Allergy - March 29, 2022 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research