Nanoparticles Based Drug Delivery for Tissue Regeneration Using Biodegradable Scaffolds: a Review
AbstractPurpose of ReviewToday, tissue engineering is advancing rapidly due to application of technologies like computer-aided designing; solid free-form fabrication, nanomedicine, etc. Excessive requirement of artificial organs like skin, blood vessels, cartilage, bladder, etc. is helping in its rapid development. Nanomedicines are used to bind/encapsulate in porous biodegradable scaffolds in the form of antibiotics, proteins, growth factors, specific micro- and macro-nutrients to promote the tissue regeneration.Recent FindingsIn our recent study, we reported that the chitosan-silver-based nanocomposite supports the growt...
Source: Current Pathobiology Reports - October 22, 2018 Category: Laboratory Medicine Source Type: research
Liquid Biopsy Preservation Solutions for Standardized Pre-Analytical Workflows —Venous Whole Blood and Plasma
AbstractPurpose of ReviewLiquid biopsy analyses based on circulating cell-free nucleic acids, circulating tumor cells or other diseased cells from organs, and exosomes or other microvesicles in blood offer new means for non-invasive diagnostic applications. The main goal of this review is to explain the importance of preserving whole blood specimens after blood draw for use as liquid biopsies, and to summarize preservation solutions that are currently available.Recent FindingsDespite the great potential of liquid biopsies for diagnostics and disease management, besides non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), only a few liqui...
Source: Current Pathobiology Reports - October 18, 2018 Category: Laboratory Medicine Source Type: research
Perioperative Developments in Biliary Atresia Treatment
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper presents an overview of the current developments in the perioperative biliary atresia (BA) treatment.Recent FindingsBiliary atresia is a rare cholangiopathy and the most common indication for pediatric liver transplantation. Kasai portoenterostomy is the primary therapy, leading to sufficient biliary drainage in 20 –30% of patients with native liver. Multiple strategies in preoperative, operative, and postoperative care were tested to improve survival with native liver (SNL). Screening methods, centralization of care to specialized centers, laparoscopic Kasai procedure, and adjuvant st...
Source: Current Pathobiology Reports - October 17, 2018 Category: Laboratory Medicine Source Type: research
Tumor Pre-Analytics in Molecular Pathology: Impact on Protein Expression and Analysis
AbstractPurpose of ReviewPrecision medicine promises patient tailored, individualized diagnosis and treatment of diseases and relies on clinical specimen integrity and accuracy of companion diagnostic testing. Therefore, pre-analytics, which are defined as the collection, processing, and storage of clinical specimens, are critically important to enable optimal diagnostics, molecular profiling, and clinical decision-making around harvested specimens. This review article discusses the impact of tumor pre-analytics on molecular pathology focusing on biospecimen protein expression and analysis.Recent FindingsDue to busy clinic...
Source: Current Pathobiology Reports - September 6, 2018 Category: Laboratory Medicine Source Type: research
Musculoskeletal Injuries in Astronauts: Review of Pre-flight, In-flight, Post-flight, and Extravehicular Activity Injuries
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewTo provide a comprehensive review of musculoskeletal injuries in astronauts during pre-flight, in-flight (including extravehicular activity), and post-flight periods. The discussion is inclusive of etiology and nature of the injury, preventative measures, and future considerations.Recent FindingsThe most common injuries were to the hand, shoulder, and back/spine. Patterns and location of injury depend on the phase of flight during which they occurred. Current countermeasures are effective for some concerns, but do not ameliorate all musculoskeletal risks, thus new countermeasure and preventativ...
Source: Current Pathobiology Reports - September 1, 2018 Category: Laboratory Medicine Source Type: research
Mechanistic Clues to Overcome Spaceflight-Induced Immune Dysregulation
AbstractPurpose of ReviewTo recapitulate the latest findings from comprehensive studies of relatively long-duration spaceflight aboard the International Space Station, followed by exciting research published recently that illuminates the means by which we may be able to correct the immune system disturbances associated with spaceflight.Recent FindingsWhile in space, most astronauts experience immune perturbations that may manifest as a form of immunodeficiency or, alternatively, a hypersensitivity reaction. When it occurs, the dysregulation persists stably for the duration of the mission. T lymphocytes – a population of ...
Source: Current Pathobiology Reports - September 1, 2018 Category: Laboratory Medicine Source Type: research
Effects of Partial Gravity on the Function and Particle Handling of the Human Lung
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe challenges presented to the lung by the space environment are the effects of prolonged absence of gravity, the challenges of decompression stress associated with spacewalking, and the changes in the deposition of inhaled particulate matter.Recent FindingsAlthough there are substantial changes in the function of the lung in partial gravity, the lung is largely unaffected by sustained exposure, returning rapidly to a normal state after return to 1G. Provided there is adequate denitrogenation prior to a spacewalk, avoiding the development of venous gas emboli, the lung copes well with the low-pres...
Source: Current Pathobiology Reports - September 1, 2018 Category: Laboratory Medicine Source Type: research
Space Radiation Effects on Crew During and After Deep Space Missions
AbstractPurposeOverview and perspectives are provided of radiation hazards associated with deep space human missions, such as to Mars.Recent FindingsSignificant associations between radiation dose and effects of principal concern from space radiation (cancer, cardiovascular, CNS) have not yet been detected in astronauts. Therefore, estimates of radiation-induced health consequences from extended deep space missions are based on studies available from radiation-exposed human populations on Earth (e.g., A-bomb survivors) supplemented with data from biological experiments (primarily rodents) using space-type radiations obtain...
Source: Current Pathobiology Reports - September 1, 2018 Category: Laboratory Medicine Source Type: research
The Challenge of Human Pathobiology in Space
(Source: Current Pathobiology Reports)
Source: Current Pathobiology Reports - September 1, 2018 Category: Laboratory Medicine Source Type: research
Vestibular and Sensorimotor Dysfunction During Space Flight
AbstractPurpose of ReviewThis paper aims to review dysfunctions in spatial orientation, cognition, gaze stabilization, and posture and locomotor control recently documented in astronauts during and immediately after both short- and long-duration space flights.Recent FindingsThe spatial disorientation and cognitive deficits experienced by astronauts in microgravity are similar to those observed in individuals with vestibular disorders on Earth. After space flight, astronauts take more time to acquire visual targets while moving their head. Balance and locomotion control are impaired for approximately 15 days after long-du...
Source: Current Pathobiology Reports - September 1, 2018 Category: Laboratory Medicine Source Type: research
Evolutionary Stem Cell Poker and Cancer Risks: the Paradox of the Large and Small Intestines
AbstractPurpose of reviewRecent studies demonstrate that normal human tissues accumulate substantial numbers of somatic mutations with aging, to levels comparable to their corresponding cancers. If mutations cause cancer, how do tissues avoid cancer when mutations are unavoidable?Recent findingsThe small intestines (SI) and colon accumulate similar numbers of replication errors, but SI adenocarcinoma is much rarer than colorectal cancer. Both the small and large intestines are subdivided into millions of small neighborhoods (crypts) that are maintained by small numbers of stem cells. To explain the SI cancer paradox, four ...
Source: Current Pathobiology Reports - September 1, 2018 Category: Laboratory Medicine Source Type: research
Correction to: Emerging Imaging Modalities in Regenerative Medicine
The article Emerging Imaging Modalities in Regenerative Medicine, written by Mitchel R. Stacy and Albert J. Sinusas, was originally published electronically on the publisher ’s internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 28 January 2015 without open access. (Source: Current Pathobiology Reports)
Source: Current Pathobiology Reports - September 1, 2018 Category: Laboratory Medicine Source Type: research
Musculoskeletal Injuries in Astronauts: Review of Pre-flight, In-flight, Post-flight, and Extravehicular Activity Injuries
AbstractPurpose of the ReviewTo provide a comprehensive review of musculoskeletal injuries in astronauts during pre-flight, in-flight (including extravehicular activity), and post-flight periods. The discussion is inclusive of etiology and nature of the injury, preventative measures, and future considerations.Recent FindingsThe most common injuries were to the hand, shoulder, and back/spine. Patterns and location of injury depend on the phase of flight during which they occurred. Current countermeasures are effective for some concerns, but do not ameliorate all musculoskeletal risks, thus new countermeasure and preventativ...
Source: Current Pathobiology Reports - July 28, 2018 Category: Laboratory Medicine Source Type: research
The Challenge of Human Pathobiology in Space
(Source: Current Pathobiology Reports)
Source: Current Pathobiology Reports - July 26, 2018 Category: Laboratory Medicine Source Type: research
