Understanding osteoarthritis pathogenesis: a multiomics system-based approach
Purpose of review
Osteoarthritis is a heterogeneous, multifactorial condition regulated by complex biological interactions at multiple levels. Comprehensive understanding of these regulatory interactions is required to develop feasible advances to improve patient outcomes. Improvements in technology have made extensive genomic, transcriptomic, epigenomic, proteomic, and metabolomic profiling possible. This review summarizes findings over the past 20 months related to omics technologies in osteoarthritis and examines how using a multiomics approach is necessary for advancing our understanding of osteoarthritis as a diseas...
Source: Current Opinion in Rheumatology - November 29, 2019 Category: Rheumatology Tags: OSTEOARTHRITIS: Edited by Mukundan Attur Source Type: research
Asymptomatic hyperuricemia: is it really asymptomatic?
Purpose of review
Hyperuricemia is highly prevalent, affecting approximately 38 million individuals in the United States. However, the significance of asymptomatic hyperuricemia – hyperuricemia in the absence of gout – continues to be debated.
Recent findings
Asymptomatic hyperuricemia results in monosodium urate crystal deposition in tissues, which may promote chronic inflammation. Intracellularly, hyperuricemia inhibits the master regulator adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-associated protein kinase and may condition innate immune responses through durable epigenetic modifications. At the population level, asymptoma...
Source: Current Opinion in Rheumatology - November 29, 2019 Category: Rheumatology Tags: MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY AND RHEUMATIC DISEASES: Edited by Jose U. Scher Source Type: research
Deadliest catch: neutrophil extracellular traps in autoimmunity
Purpose of review
To summarize recent evidence on the pathogenic effects of neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.
Recent findings
NETs can orchestrate innate and adaptive immune dysregulation through diverse mechanisms. NETs induce potent inflammatory responses and represent sources of many autoantigens, creating a feed-forward loop that may perpetuate disease and lead to organ damage. NETs are also increasingly relevant in atherosclerosis and could contribute to the increased risk of premature cardiovascular disea...
Source: Current Opinion in Rheumatology - November 29, 2019 Category: Rheumatology Tags: MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY AND RHEUMATIC DISEASES: Edited by Jose U. Scher Source Type: research
Evolving concepts of the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis with focus on the early and late stages
Purpose of review
To provide an overview of recently published work covering key mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with focus on the early and late stages.
Recent findings
Present understanding of RA pathogenesis has been mainly focused on the inflammatory process at the established phase of the disease, but recent work has shed light on important molecular and cellular mechanisms involved both at the early and late/refractory stages. In early RA, the involvement of anticitrullinated protein antibodies in RA induction has been identified with a critical role of the IL-23/Th17 axis i...
Source: Current Opinion in Rheumatology - November 29, 2019 Category: Rheumatology Tags: MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY AND RHEUMATIC DISEASES: Edited by Jose U. Scher Source Type: research
Immune checkpoint inhibitors and vasculitis
Purpose of review
Clinical use of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape of cancer. By activating the immune system using monoclonal anti-CTLA-4 and PD(L)-1 antibodies, remission can be induced in previously terminal cancers. However, these breakthroughs come at a price. Multiple de-novo autoimmune illnesses, termed immune-related adverse events (irAEs), have been reported with patients increasingly being referred to rheumatologists with varying diagnoses. Among these are vasculitic syndromes, which may be limited to an organ or systemic and potentially-life threatening. Re...
Source: Current Opinion in Rheumatology - November 29, 2019 Category: Rheumatology Tags: VASCULITIS SYNDROMES: Edited by Hasan Yazici and Yusuf Yazici Source Type: research
Vasculitis and the ear: a literature review
This article reviews the recent literature about vasculitis of the ear or the cochleovestibular system, focusing on giant-cell arteritis, Takayasu's arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, Kawasaki disease, microscopic polyangiitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), eosinophilic GPA, systemic lupus erythematosus, Cogan's syndrome and Behçet's disease.
Recent findings
In patients with vasculitis, hearing impairment is a frequent problem, followed by tinnitus and vertigo. The severity of sensorineural hearing loss can range from mild impairment to deafness. Autoimmune diseases can induce a conductive hearing loss as a res...
Source: Current Opinion in Rheumatology - November 29, 2019 Category: Rheumatology Tags: VASCULITIS SYNDROMES: Edited by Hasan Yazici and Yusuf Yazici Source Type: research
Central nervous system vasculitis: advances in diagnosis
Purpose of review
The main purpose of this review is to present advances in diagnostics of central nervous system vasculitis (CNS-V).
Recent findings
Progress in molecular technologies and neuroimaging have added formidably to our knowledge of CNS-V. Next-generation sequencing has the promise to enhance our ability to diagnose, interrogate, and track infectious diseases, making this test attractive and capable of avoiding brain biopsy in cases where CNS infections are suspected. Further the continuum of neuroimaging progress has advanced our ability to diagnose CNS-V. Our capability to visualize the vessel wall have a...
Source: Current Opinion in Rheumatology - November 29, 2019 Category: Rheumatology Tags: VASCULITIS SYNDROMES: Edited by Hasan Yazici and Yusuf Yazici Source Type: research
Management of Behçet syndrome
Purpose of review
New treatment options have been studied over the last several years, with a recent approval, a first for Behçet syndrome, in the United States. New management guidelines have also been published, helping with this nowadays more commonly recognized condition's management. The goal of this review is to summarize the most important and potentially clinically relevant recent developments and discuss their impact in the management of patients with Behçet syndrome.
Recent findings
Apremilast is now approved for the treatment of oral ulcer of Behçet syndrome in the United States. It's possible benefits i...
Source: Current Opinion in Rheumatology - November 29, 2019 Category: Rheumatology Tags: VASCULITIS SYNDROMES: Edited by Hasan Yazici and Yusuf Yazici Source Type: research
Venous involvement in inflammatory disorders
Purpose of review
To review the association of venous thrombosis and inflammatory disorders.
Recent findings
Various systemic inflammatory diseases of which Behçet's syndrome is the prototype are associated with an increased risk of venous thrombosis. Recent data indicate that venous wall thickness is increased among Behçet's syndrome patients with no history of venous thrombosis and thrombosis in Behçet's syndrome could be a unique model of inflammation-induced thrombosis. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a two to three time-fold increased risk of developing thromboembolic complications compared...
Source: Current Opinion in Rheumatology - November 29, 2019 Category: Rheumatology Tags: VASCULITIS SYNDROMES: Edited by Hasan Yazici and Yusuf Yazici Source Type: research
Common and rare forms of vasculitis associated with Sjögren's syndrome
Purpose of review
Although uncommon, systemic vasculitis is one of the most severe extraglandular manifestations of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) accounting for the increased morbidity and mortality of the disease. This review aims to describe major previous and recent reports regarding the clinical presentation, prognosis and treatment of systemic vasculitis associated with pSS.
Recent findings
Both older and recent pSS cohort studies performed over the past several and recent years, have clearly shown that cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis is the most frequent type of systemic vasculitis accompanying pSS. Antineutrop...
Source: Current Opinion in Rheumatology - November 29, 2019 Category: Rheumatology Tags: VASCULITIS SYNDROMES: Edited by Hasan Yazici and Yusuf Yazici Source Type: research
One year in review: Kawasaki disease
Purpose of review
Kawasaki disease is a childhood vasculitis of unknown origin, whose major complication is the development of coronary artery aneurysms (CAA). The purpose of this review is to provide an overview on the most recent evidence on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment options of Kawasaki disease summarizing the most relevant studies published in the last year.
Recent findings
Several genetic polymorphisms leading to Kawasaki disease susceptibility have been identified, mostly related to immune system regulation; potential external triggers are being investigated by environmental epidemiology studies. ...
Source: Current Opinion in Rheumatology - November 29, 2019 Category: Rheumatology Tags: VASCULITIS SYNDROMES: Edited by Hasan Yazici and Yusuf Yazici Source Type: research
A monogenic autoinflammatory disease with fatal vasculitis: deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2
Purpose of review
To recap the expanding clinical spectrum, genotype–phenotype associations and treatment options in the light of recently published articles regarding the deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2).
Recent findings
Whole-exome sequencing enabled novel clinical phenotypes associated with ADA2 mutations. Since its discovery, the phenotypic spectrum of DADA2 has substantially expanded to cover Diamond–Blackfan anaemia, cytopenia and immunodeficiency syndromes. In addition to elevated TNF alpha levels, increased levels of interferon-stimulated genes were also detected in patients with DADA2. Given th...
Source: Current Opinion in Rheumatology - November 29, 2019 Category: Rheumatology Tags: VASCULITIS SYNDROMES: Edited by Hasan Yazici and Yusuf Yazici Source Type: research
Editorial: Introduction, vasculitis 2020
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Rheumatology)
Source: Current Opinion in Rheumatology - November 29, 2019 Category: Rheumatology Tags: VASCULITIS SYNDROMES: Edited by Hasan Yazici and Yusuf Yazici Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Rheumatology)
Source: Current Opinion in Rheumatology - November 29, 2019 Category: Rheumatology Tags: Editorial Introductions Source Type: research
Porphyromonas gingivalis and rheumatoid arthritis: Erratum
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Rheumatology)
Source: Current Opinion in Rheumatology - September 25, 2019 Category: Rheumatology Tags: ERRATUM Source Type: research
