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Editorial: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) - advances in epidemiology, diagnostics, treatments, host-directed therapies, pathogenesis, vaccines, and ongoing challenges
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine)
Source: Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine - May 1, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: INFECTIOUS DISEASES: Edited by Alimuddin Zumla and David S. C. Hui Source Type: research

Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine)
Source: Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine - May 1, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research

Pulmonary rehabilitation in a postcoronavirus disease 2019 world: feasibility, challenges, and solutions
Purpose of review Pulmonary rehabilitation improves clinical outcomes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Traditional centre-based (in-person) pulmonary rehabilitation was largely shut down in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, forcing many centres to rapidly shift to remote home-based programs in the form of telerehabilitation (tele-pulmonary rehabilitation). This review summarizes the recent evidence for the feasibility and effectiveness of remote pulmonary rehabilitation programs, and their implications for the delivery of pulmonary rehabilitation in a postpandemic world. Recent finding...
Source: Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine - January 31, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: OBSTRUCTIVE, OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASES: Edited by Manish Joshi and Basil Varkey Source Type: research

Occupational exposures and sarcoidosis: current understanding and knowledge gaps
Purpose of review Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic granulomatous disease that primarily affects the lungs. Several lines of evidence suggest that occupational exposures are associated with disease risk. This review critically evaluates studies using the Bradford Hill criteria for causation to determine if a causal relationship can be established between occupational exposure and sarcoidosis. Recent findings Large epidemiological studies have proposed multiple occupational exposures associated with sarcoidosis but lack consistency of results. Many convincing studies demonstrate an association between World Trade Cent...
Source: Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine - January 31, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: OBSTRUCTIVE, OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASES: Edited by Manish Joshi and Basil Varkey Source Type: research

Current state and future potential of AI in occupational respiratory medicine
Purpose of review The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the pace of technological development relating to pulmonary diseases. The advent of newer technologies, such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), continues to be adapted for diagnostic purposes. AI offers comparable precision to trained physicians under certain circumstances, as well as the unique ability to process the information characteristic of Big Data. With respect to individual susceptibilities/pre-existing diseases, AI seems poised to integrate such individualized information and contribute to a greater implementation of precision medicine. Recent findings...
Source: Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine - January 31, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: OBSTRUCTIVE, OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASES: Edited by Manish Joshi and Basil Varkey Source Type: research

Lung microbiome, gut–lung axis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Purpose of review To review recent data on the microbiome of the lungs and how it changes with the evolution of COPD. To explore initial data with respect to COPD and the gut–lung axis. An expanded understanding of the pathogenesis of COPD may lead to new therapeutic targets. Recent findings Intermittent pulmonary seeding is essential to health. The lung inflammation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) appears to change the lung milieu such that there is a shift in the microbiome of the lung as COPD progresses. Current data contain internal contradictions, but viewed in to suggest that the lung mic...
Source: Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine - January 31, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: OBSTRUCTIVE, OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASES: Edited by Manish Joshi and Basil Varkey Source Type: research

The current understanding and future directions for sputum microbiome profiling in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Purpose of review Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has deepened our understanding of the respiratory microbiome in health and disease. The number of microbiome studies employing sputum as an airway surrogate has continued to increase over the past decade to include multiple large multicentre and longitudinal studies of the microbiome in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this review, we summarize the recent advances to our understanding of the bacteriome, virome and mycobiome in COPD. Recent findings Diverse microbiome profiles are reported in COPD. The neutrophilic Haemophilus-predominant bacterio...
Source: Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine - January 31, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: OBSTRUCTIVE, OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASES: Edited by Manish Joshi and Basil Varkey Source Type: research

Precision medicine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: how far have we come?
Purpose of review In this review, we will discuss the current status and recent developments in precision medicine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) through the lens of treatable traits. Recent findings Although the term ‘treatable traits’ in the treatment of COPD is relatively recent, this concept has been used for many years if one considers interventions such as long-term oxygen therapy or alpha-1 antitrypsin replacement therapy. Recent advances have included expanding the definition of COPD to include a broader population of people with lower respiratory disease but not meeting the strict c...
Source: Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine - January 31, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: OBSTRUCTIVE, OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASES: Edited by Manish Joshi and Basil Varkey Source Type: research

Pre-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pathophysiologic process or an opinion term?
Purpose of review Current guidelines does not include current or former smokers who do not have spirometric airflow limitation in their diagnostic or therapeutic algorithms for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this review is to outline the burden of respiratory morbidity in this population and to discuss the potential utility of their classification as pre-COPD. Recent findings It is increasingly clear that patients with a history of exposure to cigarette smoke or other environmental pollutants may have substantial lung pathology and respiratory impairment even in the absence of airfl...
Source: Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine - January 31, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: OBSTRUCTIVE, OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASES: Edited by Manish Joshi and Basil Varkey Source Type: research

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk assessment tools: is one better than the others?
Purpose of review Risk assessment tools are essential in COPD care to help clinicians identify patients at higher risk of accelerated lung function decline, respiratory exacerbations, hospitalizations, and death. Recent findings Conventional methods of assessing risk have focused on spirometry, patient-reported symptoms, functional status, and a combination of these tools in composite indices. More recently, qualitatively and quantitatively assessed chest imaging findings, such as emphysema, large and small airways disease, and pulmonary vascular abnormalities have been associated with poor long-term outcomes in...
Source: Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine - January 31, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: OBSTRUCTIVE, OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASES: Edited by Manish Joshi and Basil Varkey Source Type: research

Telehealth in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: before, during, and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic
Purpose of review Many healthcare systems rapidly implemented telehealth as a substitute for in-person care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The purpose of this review is to describe the evidence base supporting the use of telehealth for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, discuss the barriers to implementing telehealth during the pandemic, and share our opinion about the future of telehealth in COPD. Recent findings The evidence from randomized clinical trials in COPD completed prior to the COVID-19 pandemic indicate that the effectiveness of tele...
Source: Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine - January 31, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: OBSTRUCTIVE, OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASES: Edited by Manish Joshi and Basil Varkey Source Type: research

Obstructive lung diseases burden and COVID-19 in developing countries: a perspective
Purpose of review Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are widely prevalent disorders, and important contributors to morbidity and mortality, in both developing and developed countries. It is conjectured that these obstructive lung diseases may have had more deleterious effects in developing nations during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We provide an evidence-based perspective on the relationship between asthma/COPD prevalence and COVID-19 burden, and the impact of comorbid asthma/COPD on selected COVID-19 outcomes and healthcare utilization, with special reference to developing co...
Source: Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine - January 31, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: OBSTRUCTIVE, OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASES: Edited by Manish Joshi and Basil Varkey Source Type: research

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and COVID-19: interrelationships
Purpose of review Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and COVID-19 have many potentially negative interrelationships, which may influence the course of infection and clinical outcomes. The aim of this review is to provide clinicians with an up-to-date perspective of the complex interactions between COPD and COVID-19. Recent findings We consider mechanisms that could increase SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility in COPD, including increased ACE2 expression, reduced antiviral defence and dysfunctional immunity. We review evidence that COPD is associated with worse clinical outcomes from COVID-19 in analyse...
Source: Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine - January 31, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: OBSTRUCTIVE, OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASES: Edited by Manish Joshi and Basil Varkey Source Type: research

Editorial: COPD in the COVID-19 era, challenging concepts and developments in COPD, and occupational exposures and susceptibilities
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine)
Source: Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine - January 31, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: OBSTRUCTIVE, OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISEASES: Edited by Manish Joshi and Basil Varkey Source Type: research

Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine)
Source: Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine - January 31, 2022 Category: Respiratory Medicine Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research