The set point: weight destiny established before adulthood?
Purpose of review
Although the set point is one of the best understood weight defense mechanisms, how and when a set point is established and what causes its disruption are not well understood. The purpose of this review is to address these gaps in the literature by exploring studies on the establishment of the set point theory and the underlying metabolic processes that support its existence.
Recent findings
Research suggests that weight loss achieved through restricted energy intake and increased energy expenditure is difficult to maintain and is often followed by greater weight gain over time. It is hypothesi...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - July 16, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: ADOLESCENT MEDICINE: Edited by Sara F. Forman and Sarah Pitts Source Type: research
Integrating Health at Every Size principles into adolescent care
Purpose of review
Weight trends continue to increase in adolescents, but current weight-focused interventions have not demonstrated any lasting impact on overall health. Among adolescents, experiencing weight bias increases risks of harmful weight-related behaviors and decreases engagement in health-promoting behaviors, thus leading to worsened health outcomes. The Health at Every Size (HAES) approach may be an avenue to promote health holistically among adolescents without eliciting harmful weight-related behavior and improving provider-patient rapport. The purpose of this review is to summarize the literature on inte...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - July 16, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: ADOLESCENT MEDICINE: Edited by Sara F. Forman and Sarah Pitts Source Type: research
A trauma-informed guide to caring for adolescents following sexual assault
Purpose of review
Sexual assault is common among adolescents worldwide. Survivors of sexual assault may experience various immediate and long-term effects on their physical and mental health. It is important that pediatric healthcare providers (HCPs) are aware of the high prevalence of sexual assault and recognize the impact on their adolescent patients. The aim of this update is to discuss how pediatric HCPs can embody a trauma-informed approach when caring for survivors of sexual assault across various settings.
Recent findings
All adolescent patients should be screened for sexual assault during routine clinic...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - July 16, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: ADOLESCENT MEDICINE: Edited by Sara F. Forman and Sarah Pitts Source Type: research
Addressing long-acting reversible contraception access, bias, and coercion: supporting adolescent and young adult reproductive autonomy
This article reviews reproductive justice, discusses contraceptive coercion, examines bias, and highlights interventions that promote equitable reproductive healthcare.
Recent findings
Research indicates that both bias and patient characteristics influence provider LARC practices. AYA access to comprehensive LARC services is limited, as counseling, provision, management, and removal are not offered at all sites providing reproductive healthcare to AYAs. Interventions aimed at addressing provider bias and knowledge, clinic policies, confidentiality concerns, insurance reimbursement, and systems of oppression can impr...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - July 16, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: ADOLESCENT MEDICINE: Edited by Sara F. Forman and Sarah Pitts Source Type: research
Editorial: COVID catastrophe
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics)
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - July 16, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: ADOLESCENT MEDICINE: Edited by Sara F. Forman and Sarah Pitts Source Type: research
Editorial introductions
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics)
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - July 16, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: EDITORIAL INTRODUCTIONS Source Type: research
Maternal postpartum depression: risk factors, impacts, and interventions for the NICU and beyond
Purpose of review
Postpartum depression (PPD) negatively impacts caregivers, infants, siblings, and entire families. Mothers with infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) face additional risk for PPD, coupled with risk factors extending beyond a NICU admision. The novelty of this review is the focus on maternal PPD for mothers with infants admitted to the NICU. Interventions aimed at limiting and preventing PPD in this population include: prenatal and postpartum depression screening, PPD symptom awareness and monitoring, and trauma-informed care.
Recent findings
PPD, the most frequent complica...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - May 13, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: OFFICE PEDIATRICS: Edited by Henry H. Bernstein Source Type: research
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a microcosm of challenges and opportunities for translational bioinformatics in pediatric research
Purpose of review
Despite significant progress in our understanding and clinical management of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), significant challenges remain. Here, we review recently published studies on the clinical diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment of MIS-C, highlighting key gaps in research progress that are a microcosm for challenges in translational pediatric research. We then discuss potential solutions in the realm of translational bioinformatics.
Recent findings
Current case definitions are inconsistent and do not capture the underlying pathophysiology of MIS-C, which r...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - May 13, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: PULMONOLOGY: Edited by David N. Cornfield Source Type: research
Prone positioning in children with respiratory failure because of coronavirus disease 2019
Purpose of review
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common manifestation of severe COVID-19. Prone positioning has been used successfully in adult patients with ARDS and has been shown to decrease mortality. The efficacy of prone positioning in pediatric ARDS is less clear. In this review, we discuss the physiologic principles and literature on prone positioning in adults and children relative to COVID-19.
Recent findings
There are limited published data on prone positioning in respiratory failure because of COVID-19. The use of proning in nonintubated patients with COVID-19 may improve oxygenation...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - May 13, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: PULMONOLOGY: Edited by David N. Cornfield Source Type: research
Invasive and noninvasive ventilation strategies for acute respiratory failure in children with coronavirus disease 2019
Purpose of review
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 presents as symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease in susceptible patients. Severe pediatric COVID-19 disease is rare, limiting potential data accumulation on associated respiratory failure in children. Pediatric intensivists and pulmonologists managing COVID-19 patients look to adult guidelines and pediatric-specific consensus statements to guide management. The purpose of this article is to review the current literature and recommended strategies for the escalation of noninvasive and invasive respiratory support for acute respiratory f...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - May 13, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: PULMONOLOGY: Edited by David N. Cornfield Source Type: research
Coronavirus disease 2019 respiratory disease in children: clinical presentation and pathophysiology
Purpose of review
Pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) respiratory disease is a distinct entity from adult illness, most notable in its milder phenotype. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the clinical patterns, cellular pathophysiology, and epidemiology of COVID-19 respiratory disease in children with specific attention toward factors that account for the maturation-related differences in disease severity.
Recent findings
Over the past 14 months, knowledge of the clinical presentation and pathophysiology of COVID-19 pneumonia has rapidly expanded. The decreased disease severity of COVID-19...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - May 13, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: PULMONOLOGY: Edited by David N. Cornfield Source Type: research
Management of chronic pulmonary disease in the time of coronavirus disease 2019
Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to discuss the most recent data describing the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the pediatric population with chronic pulmonary disease. We specifically focus on children with asthma, cystic fibrosis (CF), and lung transplant recipients.
Recent findings
Children with asthma, CF, and lung transplant recipients do not appear to have an increased risk of morbidity or mortality with COVID-19 infection compared to the general pediatric population. Data does not support the change or withdrawal of any asthma or CF maintenance medications; however, does ad...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - May 13, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: PULMONOLOGY: Edited by David N. Cornfield Source Type: research
Editorial: Covid-19 and respiratory illness in children: seeking knowledge, discerning truth
No abstract available (Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics)
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - May 13, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: PULMONOLOGY: Edited by David N. Cornfield Source Type: research
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and critically ill children
Purpose of review
Amidst an ongoing pandemic, the delineation of the pediatric consequence of infection from the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) virus is emerging. This review summarizes available pediatric data and covers the aspects of epidemiology, critical illness with acute infection [coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)], the discovered multi-inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), and management options.
Recent findings
The available data from the source of the initial viral transmission and then through Europe, Africa, and the Western Hemisphere identifies important as...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - May 13, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE: Edited by Jean E. Klig and Clifford W. Bogue Source Type: research
The clinical epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 in children and adolescents mirrors the widening gap in healthcare disparities
Purpose of review
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has exacerbated the longstanding racial/ethnic health disparities in the USA, with a disproportionately negative effect on children of color. This review summarizes recently published studies that describe the clinical epidemiology and racial/ethnic disparities associated with SARS-CoV-2 in children.
Recent findings
Children with SARS-CoV-2 infections manifest with a wide spectrum of disease. Most are either asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic with fever, gastrointestinal, and/or upper respiratory disease. Some children ca...
Source: Current Opinion in Pediatrics - May 13, 2021 Category: Pediatrics Tags: EMERGENCY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE: Edited by Jean E. Klig and Clifford W. Bogue Source Type: research
